Chapter 26 Chapter 25 Light and Darkness

Zhang Guotao parted ways with the Chinese Communist Party.From the day of his rebellion, he involuntarily embarked on a dark and rough road until the end of his life.The revolutionary cause led by Mao Zedong continued to develop and wrote a glorious page in Chinese history. When Zhang Guotao defected, in order to strictly keep the secret, he even deceived everyone around him, including his wife Yang Zilie.When Yang Zilie was writing her diary to send her missing her husband day by day, the central government had already made the decision to expel Zhang Guotao from the party.One day, Chen Yun, the head of the central organization, called Yang Zilie to his office and formally notified her: "Comrade Zilie, a major event that shocked the entire party happened recently. Guotao is gone!"

Yang Zilie, who was six months pregnant, felt abandoned and his heart was like a knife.Chen Yun told her: Zhang Guotao sent her a letter from Hankou, asking her if she would go.Yang Zilie had concerns, so he said go back and think about it.But when she asked Chen Changhao and others for help, they all avoided her.Yang Zilie changed from the chief's wife to a traitor's wife in an instant, and felt that he couldn't stay any longer. The next day Yang Zilie found Mao Zedong and said: "Why did he leave? I don't understand. I want to go to Hankou to find him, ask him to understand, and bring him back." Mao Zedong said happily: "Okay, if you can get him If Guotao is back, then you are a great hero." For Zhang Guotao's family, the central government is benevolent and righteous.A few days later, Zhang Guotao's eldest son Haiwei, who was going to study in the Soviet Union, was sent back on a special trip to reunite with Yang Zilie.

When Yang Zilie was ready to ask Mao Zedong to approve his release, Mao Zedong said to Yang Zilie: "You are good, and everything is because Guotao is not good. After you go to Hankou, the party will be responsible for all the expenses of having children. No matter what you do You can come back to the party at any time.” In this way, Yang Zilie took his son and sister Yang Ziyu, sitting on a bumpy truck, and left Yan’an, where he had lived for less than a year. After Zhang Guotao was expelled from the party, the Party Central Committee began to criticize Zhang Guotao's line with great fanfare.What is different from before is that the focus of criticism has changed from liquidating Zhang Guotao's crimes to summarizing experience and lessons and educating all comrades in the party members and revolutionary ranks. In May 1938, Mao Zedong mentioned Zhang Guotao's question several times when he received students from the Anti-Japanese University and Northern Shaanxi Public School.After listing Zhang Guotao's mistakes of "Left" and Right opportunism and splitting the party, he said: Zhang Guotao has always been a double-faced man. He rebelled against the party because he was lured by the bourgeoisie.The whole party can learn from this lesson, and each of our comrades should stand firm in the banner of revolution, not be afraid of difficulties, and fight resolutely.

In October 1938, at the Sixth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held in Yan'an, Mao Zedong made a report on "The Status of the Chinese Communist Party in the National War", which systematically summarized the historical experience and lessons of the struggle between the Party Central Committee and Zhang Guotao's line.Regarding the cadre policy, Mao Zedong said: "The cadre policy of the Communist Party should be based on whether they can resolutely implement the party's line, obey the party's discipline, have close ties with the masses, have independent work ability, be active and willing to work, and not seek personal gain. As a standard, this is the line of 'appointing people on merit'. In the past, Zhang Guotao's cadre policy was the opposite. It is an important responsibility of the central government and leaders at all levels to uphold a decent and fair style of work on the issue of cadre policy so as to consolidate the unity and solidarity of the party.”

About party discipline.Mao Zedong said: "In view of Zhang Guotao's serious breach of discipline, the party's discipline must be reiterated: 1. Individuals obey the organization; 2. The minority obeys the majority; 3. Subordinates obey superiors; Whoever destroys the unity of the party. Party members must be educated about party discipline, so that ordinary party members can observe discipline, and ordinary party members can supervise party leaders to observe discipline together, so as to avoid the Zhang Guotao incident from happening again.” Mao Zedong pointed out: The struggle against Zhang Guotao was an intra-party struggle of historic significance. "Only by overcoming it (Zhang Guotao's line) will the vast number of cadres and party members of the Fourth Front Army of the Red Army, who are good in nature and have fought heroically for a long time, be liberated from Zhang Guotao's opportunist rule and transfer to the correct line of the Central Committee. From the other side." "Our party has been consolidated and strengthened from the two-line struggle."

Zhang Guotao's rebellion educated the whole party, especially the cadres and soldiers of the Red Fourth Front Army.Although Zhang Guotao has very old qualifications and a high status in the history of the party, he has a great influence especially in the Red Fourth Front Army.But his rebellion made those who followed him see his true face, and was condemned and cast aside by everyone.The guard who ran away with him at that time, after Zhang Guotao voted for the Kuomintang, also drew a line with him and returned to Yan'an.Therefore, Zhang Guotao's defection not only did not damage the party organization, but became a good thing for purifying the party organization and educating the whole party.If Zhang Guotao stays in the party, the struggle with him may continue for a long time.So Mao Zedong said: "One thing we have experience is that Zhang Guotao's escape is not bad." Commander-in-chief Zhu De said to the American writer Smedley: "Our party has also had traitors. The Chinese revolution is like a long-distance train. People got off the train at the small station, and some people got on the train, but most stayed on the train until the train reached its destination. Zhang Guotao adopted a right-leaning opportunist policy, which caused serious losses to our army. But our The correct leadership of the party, the political awareness and loyalty of the troops, finally corrected his policy and strengthened our army and the party. Zhang Guotao can destroy more lives, but must not reverse the course of history."

How to unite and use the cadres of the former Red Fourth Front Army is a rather difficult problem to solve.After the Red Army was reorganized into the Eighth Route Army, the troops of the original Red Fourth Front Army (4th Army and 31st Army) were incorporated into the 129th Division, and went to Taihang Mountain with Comrades Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping.Deputy Commander Xu Xiangqian, Chief of Staff Ni Zhiliang and some cadres went out with the army, and a considerable number of former Red Fourth Front Army cadres stayed in the border area and it was difficult to distribute work.There are several situations here: one is closely related to Zhang Guotao and cannot be used. For example, He Wei, the former commander of the 9th Army, later defected to Zhang Guotao.One is that the troops have been wiped out, and it is not easy to arrange them according to the original level.The army and division commanders of the West Route Army all belonged to this situation. Some were originally battalion and regiment level cadres, but returned to northern Shaanxi and started working as soldiers again.Li Xiannian was originally the political commissar of the 30th Army. After returning to northern Shaanxi, he was only assigned a very low battalion-level position.When Mao Zedong heard about it, he thought it was unfair to treat Li Xiannian like this.He brought Li Xiannian to talk, encouraged him enthusiastically, and gave him a task: In the name of the military minister of the Henan-Hubei Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China, he went back to the old areas of Hubei, Henan and Anhui to build up the team again.Li Xiannian was deeply moved, and took dozens of people on the journey again, starting a new battle.

Comrades such as Xu Shiyou, Wang Jianan, Hong Xuezhi and others who were innocently sentenced were temporarily arranged to study at the Anti-Japanese Military and Political University after they were released.Hong Xuezhi became the detachment leader of the third brigade of the Anti-Japanese University, and Xu Shiyou became the deputy director of the school affairs department of the Anti-Japanese University.But what kind of "official" is this?In fact, he is a polished management section chief.His comrade-in-arms Deng Yue (the deputy commander of the Nanjing Military Region after liberation) recalled: "After Chairman Mao released him (Xu Shiyou), he was appointed as the deputy chief of the management department at the Red Army University. He had no one under him. He had a beard, no clothes, and no quilt. The small shabby room I live in is worse than my current garage. I gave him a quilt and a set of clothes for him. Sometimes I get some wine and some meat, and he comes to eat One meal. Use a bowl for drinking, and a large bowl for eating meat."

It was the cadres of the West Route Army who were most wronged.After Huang Huxian, the former chief of staff of the Red 30th Army, was captured by the Ma family army, he managed to escape and returned to northern Shaanxi.But some people said that he was suspected of "rebellion", saying that he had led the Ma family army to find the guns buried by the West Route Army.Based on these rumors, Huang Huxian was sent to Qingliangshan Detention Center for "examination".After being locked up for a period of time, he was released without evidence.Later, he went to the headquarters of the Eighth Route Army as the head of the combat section.In the Northeast Liberation War, Huang Hu was brave and good at fighting, and he was valued by Lin Biao. He planned to promote him as a division commander.When he sent a telegram to ask Mao Zedong for instructions, Lin Biao also specifically mentioned that Huang had been "censored". After Mao replied and agreed, Lin Biao boldly used Huang Huxian with confidence.

After being captured, Wang Quanyuan, head of the women's regiment of the West Route Army, was forced to marry a regiment leader of the Majiajun.Wang Quanyuan refused to give in, and finally found a chance to escape the clutches of Ma Jiajun.When she found the Lanzhou Eighth Route Army Office, it was already March 1939.She asked to return to the team, but was refused.The people in the office told her: According to the regulations of the superiors: the lost personnel of the West Route Army "receive within one year, review within two years, and not accept those who return within three years."After speaking, he gave her 5 silver dollars as travel expenses and sent her out of the office gate.Wang Quanyuan came back from a narrow escape, but the organization didn’t want her anymore. She was so sad that she burst into tears and said, “I won’t be taken in here, and I don’t blame you. I just ask you to convey a word to the party organization. !"

Due to the influence of Zhang Guotao, the cadres of the Fourth Front Army of the Red Army were treated unfairly, and the mental pressure and pain were quite great.But except for a very small number of people who rebelled, the vast majority of comrades are loyal to the revolutionary cause.Although their positions are very low, they are not reused, and they cannot lead troops to fight in front.But they didn't complain, and they did what they were asked to do.Mao Zedong felt that whether the cadres of the Fourth Front Army could be treated correctly was a major matter related to the unity of the party.This issue must be raised publicly and must be dealt with.At the meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee in July 1942, Mao Zedong proposed to discuss the attitude towards the former Red Fourth Front Army cadres.Mao Zedong pointed out: In the past, all cadres of the Four Fronts Army were good except for He Wei.After six years it has been proven that these cadres are good.Some cadres of the former Fourth Front Army made mistakes, and they should be dealt with according to the nature of the mistakes. Don't say everything is Zhang Guotao's line.The Politburo unanimously agreed with Mao Zedong's opinion, and after the meeting issued the "Instructions of the Central Committee on the Attitude of the Former Fourth Front Army Cadres".The full text is as follows: After the "Instructions" were issued, Mao Zedong kept asking the troops about the implementation.The comrades in the front came back for meetings and reports on work, and Mao Zedong often asked questions in this regard.He realized that the elimination of hilltops and sectarianism cannot be solved overnight, nor can it be completely eliminated with the central government's instructions.The most important thing is to realize the harm of sectarianism ideologically and educate the cadres and soldiers of the whole party and the whole army.Only in this way can there be true unity and our party and army can have a strong fighting capacity.During the Yan'an rectification movement, in the following days, Mao Zedong devoted a lot of effort and made many important instructions to improve the unity within the party. On April 12, 1944, Mao Zedong made a report on learning issues and current situation issues at the senior cadre meeting of the Northwest Bureau of the Communist Party of China.When talking about the policy of rectifying thoughts, learning from past mistakes and avoiding future ones, and curing diseases and saving patients, he said: In the history of our party for more than 20 years, there have been struggles against Chen Duxiu's right-leaning opportunism and Li Lisan's "left" opportunism.If there is a third time, it will be the struggle against Zhang Guotao's line.We liquidate and analyze their mistakes, right?That's right, exactly as it should be.But are there any downsides?There are disadvantages.This means not focusing on clarifying the thinking of comrades, but focusing on calculating the accounts of a few people.It seems that as long as that person is knocked down, the world will be peaceful.People are defeated, is the world peaceful?No.Why is there still no peace in the world after overthrowing the wrong things?It's because I didn't understand my thinking and didn't see the lessons learned from the past. Mao Zedong said: In the 1942 rectification document, the policy of "learn from past mistakes to avoid future ones, cure diseases and save patients" was put forward. This policy is suitable for every comrade.All problems within the proletariat and the revolutionary front, no matter who they are, regardless of whether they are big or small, should be ideologically clarified in accordance with correct principles, so that our steps tend to be consistent, united, consolidated, and jointly deal with enemy.If such a policy is not adopted within the revolutionary party and among the masses, but a policy of domineering, of attack, of sectarianism, then that is the wrong policy in the history of our Party.That is to use the opportunity to crowd out others, to replace that small group with this small group, and replace that system with this system.A political party with so many sectarian cliques will not prosper.Such a class would not prosper either. Speaking of inner-party struggle, Mao Zedong said: Our party has made mistakes in the history of our party. In the inner-party struggle, we did not proceed from the viewpoint of loving comrades, and did not argue for the sake of unity and "learning from past mistakes to avoid future ones, curing diseases and saving patients".It is a big mistake to just fight blindly.Some people do not help comrades who have made mistakes to free themselves from their mistakes, but take advantage of their mistakes and beat them down.Speaking of this, Mao Zedong told everyone a historical story: When King Wu of Zhou sent troops to attack King Zhou of Shang, the two sons of Lord Guzhu, Boyi and Shuqi, stopped the Western Zhou army on the way, and said to King Wu of Zhou: Shang Zhou Although the king is a tyrant, but as a subject, you use soldiers to kill the king. Isn't this "violence for violence"?Mao Zedong used the past to explain the present, and told everyone: If you take the wrong line against the wrong line, beat down one part, and replace the other part with this part, this is what Boyi and Shuqi said, "reverse violence with violence".Doing it this way will make the big fish eat the small fish, and it will create an unhealthy atmosphere within the party.It is difficult for us to live in the party, whether it is a party member or a cadre, it is not easy to live, and we are afraid of being squeezed out every day. Mao Zedong talked about these reasons, and finally related to the struggle against Zhang Guotao's line.He said: To create such an atmosphere in our party is to trust each other.Issues of principle must be contested, but we must start from clarifying our thinking, from the desire for unity, and from the viewpoint of "curing the disease to save the patient".The struggle against Zhang Guotao has been carried on relatively well, but it is not enough, and there are still problems in it.If the anti-Zhang Guotao line is taken to the present, it will be carried out more cautiously.Zhang Guotao is incurable, and we tried to save him. He was still a member of the Politburo until the day he left.But the anti-Zhang Guotao line, some methods among the masses, in the Anti-Japanese University, and in the army, are not as good as they are now after the rectification movement, and they are still a little rough.That time we united the vast majority of people, except for three or two people like Zhang Guotao, He Wei, and Zhu Dechong.Many comrades have performed well at work. This time we must thoroughly clarify the problem, measure it properly, and analyze it.In this analysis, one point is one point, and one inch is one inch.Only in this way can we unite the whole party and create a relationship of mutual trust within the party, so that we can win. On October 25, Mao Zedong gave a report to the cadres who were about to go to the front in the Yan'an Central Auditorium.Many comrades present here are cadres of the former Fourth Front Army.After Mao Zedong talked about the current situation and tasks, he talked about the unity of the cadres of the first and fourth fronts.He said: According to the materials we have obtained, do the cadres of the Fourth Front Army despise the First Front Army?Belittle them, and even push away some places.Wherever such shortcomings occur, the responsibility should be on the part of the army on the one hand.This relationship must be improved. The Guotao line is gone. The Central Committee believes that the vast majority of cadres in the Fourth Front Army are good and have made great achievements in the revolutionary struggle in the past.Mao Zedong raised his voice and said solemnly: On behalf of the Party Central Committee, I announce to you that it would be wrong to obliterate this point.Get rid of contemptuous perceptions and get real respect. How to solve these problems?Mao Zedong pointed out: To evaluate comrades historically, one must have a good attitude, and in using them, one must look at the three aspects of morality (morality), talent (talent), and qualifications (qualifications).If these problems are not resolved, the relationship is not going well.I remember that at the beginning of the Anti-Japanese War, some of the cadres of the First and Fourth Front Army in the 385th Brigade were united well, and some were not.An instructor was sent to work, and as soon as he went there he opposed the Guotao line.Issues that violate the interests of the masses are also regarded as the national Taoist line.Once he asked the soldiers a question: "Mao Zedong, Zhang Guotao, or Zhang Guotao?" As a result, the soldiers said Zhang Guotao, Zhang Guotao.When Mao Zedong talked about this, he said humorously: The soldiers are right, otherwise why would I send such a confused instructor to work?I am uneducated.This little story caused everyone to laugh.Mao Zedong got down to business and said: In the future, the comrades who came back from North China said that the relationship has not been resolved. For this reason, the Central Committee has made a decision on the relationship between the first and fourth fronts.This decision helped a lot, but it didn't quite solve the problem.Concrete steps must be taken solemnly today, namely the three items mentioned above. In a self-critical tone, Mao Zedong talked about some mistakes in the struggle against the Guotao line in 1937.He said: The anti-Guotao line in 1937 was a bit too much, and it was talked about today and tomorrow in the Anti-Japanese War, so that people didn't even want to listen to it and kept talking about it. ... Regarding the "riot" of the Anti-Japanese War, he said that Xu Shiyou and others wanted to kill me, and gave them the conclusion of a counter-revolutionary riot.Now this conclusion needs to be revised.They made mistakes at the time, but since the Anti-Japanese War, Xu Shiyou has served as the commander of the Jiaodong Military Region, and Wang Jianan has served as the Commander of the Lunan Military Region. Both of them have achieved success in their work, which shows that they are good comrades.There is a lesson to be drawn here: it is the excessive struggle that caused them to do this, which is wrong.Do not engage in excessive fighting. Mao Zedong's passionate speech and sincere attitude deeply moved every cadre of the Fourth Front Army present here.They feel from their hearts that the central government trusts them and understands them.The grievances and burdens I have suffered in the past have also gone with the wind.It is still Mao Zedong who can unite people, and follow Mao Zedong to make revolution and win.These Fourth Front Army cadres went into battle lightly and fought bravely in the War of Resistance Against Japan and the War of Liberation, and a large number of brave and skilled generals emerged.After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he became a senior general and an excellent commander of the Chinese People's Liberation Army. Zhang Guotao's memoirs are only written until he rebelled.The long career of the next 40 years was not mentioned at all.If, as he said in his memoirs, to get rid of the CCP is to abandon the dark and turn to the bright, then why didn't he talk about his bright life?Historical facts have proved that after Zhang Guotao joined the Kuomintang, not only did he not get any benefits, but he was humiliated until he was finally kicked away and went to live a poor life in exile overseas. Zhang Guotao was indeed full of ambition when he joined the Kuomintang in the early days, and wanted to make some "achievements" and show his talents to Chiang Kai-shek.When he learned of the news of his expulsion from the party, he immediately issued a long statement "Zhang Guotao's Letter to the People of the People and Discussing Issues of the War of Resistance Against Japan and the Founding of the Country with the Communist Party of China".Blatantly slandering "the CCP's political line has always revolved around a wrong axis."It is stated that "the Three People's Principles are necessary for China today, the Chinese Kuomintang is the leadership center that presides over the war of resistance and the nation-building plan, and Mr. Jiang is the only supreme leader in the country."He completely exposed his traitor face.Chiang Kai-shek also had high hopes for Zhang Guotao at first, and soon met him and awarded him the title of Lieutenant General of the Military Commission of the Nationalist Government.Chen Lifu and other Kuomintang dignitaries also visited him one after another, asking him for advice on anti-communist strategies.In order to ensure the safety of Zhang Guotao's family, Wuhan police chief Cai Mengjian arranged a secret residence for Zhang Guotao in Wuchang and sent special personnel to guard it.The Kuomintang thought that if a big man like Zhang Guotao came to surrender, he would probably bring down the Communist Party soon. However, after Zhang Guotao took action, he hit a wall everywhere and achieved nothing.He heard that Chen Duxiu was temporarily living in Wuhan, so he asked Cai Mengjian to find Chen and visited him several times.The two of them have a teacher-student relationship, and they are also colleagues of the May Fourth Movement and the founding of the party, so naturally they have a lot to say.Chen Duxiu still remembers the scene of Zhang Guotao selling "New Youth" magazine in Shanghai.During the conversation, Zhang Guotao said that he wanted to rebuild a "Communist Party" and wanted to invite Chen Duxiu out of the mountain.Chen Duxiu remained silent, but understood very well in his heart.Although he expressed dissatisfaction with his expulsion from the party and expressed anger at Wang Ming's false accusation that he was a "Trotskyist", this was after all a dispute within the party.And Chiang Kai-shek killed his two sons, Chen Duxiu will never forget such a blood feud.Therefore, he will not be at the mercy of Zhang Guotao to serve the Kuomintang.Chen Duxiu asked Bao Huiseng to convey a message to Zhang Guotao: he was incapable of organizing a new party. Zhang Guotao defected to the Kuomintang, and of course Chiang Kai-shek wanted to play the role of this traitor.Zhang Guotao originally hoped to get a high official in the national government, but Chiang Kai-shek handed him over to Dai Li and asked him to "help" in the military command.Dai Li was overjoyed to get Zhang Guotao.Zhang Guotao was brought along for appearance when eating, drinking and socializing.Before entertaining the guests, Dai Li had to tell the guests: "When you come to dinner tomorrow, the accompanying guest will be the third person in the Communist Party." Office" director, became a spy. Dai Li's banquet cannot be eaten in vain.Zhang Guotao became a member of the military commander, so he had to work hard for the spy organization.He proposed to Dai Li to set up a training class to teach Kuomintang agents how to break into the Communist Party to instigate rebellion and sabotage.Dai Li agreed with all his mouth, asking for money to give money, and asking for people to give.When the first phase was launched, there were more than 100 people selected from various places.Zhang Guotao told them about the situation of the Communist Party, and analyzed and studied how to break into the Communist Party and defraud their trust.However, in actual use, it is not the case at all.Zhang Guotao sent several secret agents to the border area to instigate rebellion with his personal letter, and these guys never returned.Zhang Guotao was busy for a long time, making Dai Li lose money and people, and the spies were also very impatient with Zhang Guotao's empty theory.In desperation, the short-lived training class was stopped after two sessions.Later, Hu Zongnan suggested to Dai Li: use Zhang Guotao's relationship in the Red Army to instigate some rebellion in the Eighth Route Army.Zhang Guotao wrote many personal letters and sent people to the Eighth Route Army base in Shanxi, but none of them were followed.Zhang Guotao initially boasted to Dai Li, promising to establish a Kuomintang intelligence station in Yan'an soon.After trying several times, it was impossible.In order to explain to Chiang Kai-shek, Dai Li had no choice but to set up a radio station in Luochuan County at the junction of the Kuomintang-controlled area and the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region. KMT spies are very affordable, they need traitors just want to get exact information.Zhang Guotao was in the military, and spies kept coming to him to understand the situation and asked him to provide specific clues about the underground organization of the Communist Party.This made Zhang Guotao very embarrassed. He wanted to be a leader and a high official. It would be too cheap to be such an "eyeliner".To be honest, it is impossible for him to know the specific situation of the CCP's underground organization.He tried his best to answer the secret agent's questions, but he still couldn't satisfy the spy, so he had to hide in the home of Cai Mengjian, a fellow countryman, saying that he came to "refuge". If Zhang Guotao didn't help at all, he would be wronged.In the past few years, several people have defected to him.One is He Wei. He saw Zhang Guotao running away, and thought that he was Zhang Guotao's confidant, and he was afraid that he would end badly in the future.So I asked the central government for leave to go to Xi'an for medical treatment.It is true that He Wei was injured, and the central government approved and paid the travel expenses.When He Wei arrived in Xi'an, he defected to the enemy. Unexpectedly, the Kuomintang did not believe him, so he was locked up and interrogated for half a year. After Zhang Guotao found out, he asked Dai Li for help. He Wei came to Chongqing to meet Zhang Guotao.After the two met, He Wei "cry and regret".It is said that the opportunity to return a large number of troops has been lost.In fact, the Kuomintang is not stupid, even if Zhang Guotao can't bring out troops, how capable is He Wei?Two years later, Zhu Dechong, the former chief of staff of the Red 33rd Army, was a regiment-level cadre in the Hebei-Shandong-Henan Military Region. He was discovered for corruption and was afraid of being punished, so he defected to Zhang Guotao.After listening to Zhang Guotao's report, Dai Li immediately asked: Where did the team leader's team go?Zhang said: The head of the regiment came out first, and after making contact, he went to lead the troops.Dai Li immediately lost his mood, knowing that Zhang Guotao was bragging again. In order to please the military commander, Zhang Guotao went so far as to sell his personality. In 1942, the military command arrested an underground member of the Communist Party of China in Chongqing, and Zhang Guotao personally went to persuade him to surrender.When he introduced himself, the party member was taken aback.When Zhang Guotao said that old party members with high status like himself would no longer be a Communist Party, but were willing to vote for the Kuomintang, the party member said firmly: "I can't do this, what's so terrible about dying!" Zhang Guotao had nothing to say. Said, had no choice but to say cheekily: I am for your own good, you can think about it again.Then left in despair.Later, the party member was unyielding and died a heroic sacrifice. Zhang Guotao has been in the military reunification for several years, but bragging has no effect.Dai Li has also seen through this "treasure". According to his experience, Zhang Guotao has been criticized in the Communist Party, and no one will leave him again.Of course, he does not deny that this has a lot to do with the Communist Party's strict organization and strong defense.So Zhang Guotao was gradually neglected, and his life became more and more sad every day.Chiang Kai-shek despised the traitors of the Communist Party. He once said to Dai Li: People who have defected to the Communist Party can only be used, not close.Because they can betray the Communist Party, and one day they will betray us.Dai Li conveyed Chiang Kai-shek's words to his subordinates again.Therefore, the military secret agents also looked down on Zhang Guotao, and put on small shoes for him from time to time to find trouble.The preferential treatment given to him has gradually disappeared.Once, the army commanded several new cars, and Shen Zui and other spy chiefs were there to test the cars for fun.Suddenly someone reported that Zhang Guotao wanted to use a car, but he refused to send him a car when he was drunk, so he deliberately asked him to send him a broken three-wheeled car.Others knew that he was teasing Zhang Guotao, and laughed for a while.When Zhang Guotao was drenched by the rain and came over in a three-wheeler, he couldn't help losing his temper when he saw so many new cars not being used by him.Shen Zui didn't buy it at all, he patted the table and shouted to him: "Chairman Zhang, please put away this trick, this is not Yan'an! Be sensible." Zhang Guotao was so ashamed that his face was flushed and tears were about to fall.Later, when Dai Li found out, he cursed at Shen Zui for being ignorant.It can be said that although Zhang Guotao did not play much role, it cannot be said that he did not work hard.Moreover, Zhang Guotao is an influential figure after all, if the outside world knows that we treat him badly, it will chill some people who want to join him.Although Shen Zui apologized to Zhang Guotao, Zhang Guotao was already chilled.He sadly said to the Trotskyist Zheng Xuejia: "I am a person with an unclean background!" At that time, Zhu Jiahua was the organization minister of the Kuomintang in Chongqing. He and Zhang Guotao were alumni of Peking University. With this relationship, Zhu Jiahua arranged for Zhang Guotao to be the chairman of the "Political Design Committee".This is also a false job.Zhang Guotao went to work for a few days, and he was very uncomfortable with the style of work in the Kuomintang organs. He told his friends that he had "no plan to set up, no business to do, and he sat there for one or two hours every day, which was quite boring."Later, at Zhu Jiahua's suggestion, Chiang Kai-shek appointed Zhang Guotao as a member of the National Political Council.This is a "democratic" trick played by the Kuomintang, while Zhou Enlai and other Communists regard the political participation meeting as a place of activity for the united front with the democratic parties.When Zhang Guotao became a committee member, he felt that his status was high and he had a lot of face.But when attending the meeting, Zhou Enlai, Dong Biwu and other Communists ignored him at all, and the leaders of other democratic parties did not contact him.Zhang Guotao squatted in the corner, very isolated.By the end of the Anti-Japanese War in 1945, Zhang Guotao's political senators were also removed. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Dai Li died in a plane crash.Zheng Jiemin took over the military command and carried out internal changes and layoffs.Zhang Guotao couldn't get along in the military reunification, so he went to Xiong Shihui, who was then the director of the Central Design Bureau of the Kuomintang, with his fellow countrymen.Xiong Shihui then recommended Zhang to Jiang Tingfu, director of the General Administration of Rehabilitation and Relief, and appointed Zhang Guotao as director of the Jiangxi Branch of the General Administration of Rehabilitation and Relief.People in the military command heard that they all envied Zhang Guotao for getting a fat job.However, Zhang Guotao has neither experience as a chief official in the Kuomintang, nor does he have any reliable people under him.All his work can only be carried out with the cooperation of the Jiangxi Provincial Government of the Kuomintang.It was also Zhang Guotao's fate that the then chairman of Jiangxi Province Wang Lingji was his enemy.Wang Lingji was originally a Sichuan warlord. He was beaten by the Fourth Red Army in the Tongnanba area and fled in defeat.Liu Xiang not only dismissed Wang Lingji from his position, but also detained him for several months.Wang Lingji is now working with Zhang Guotao, making things difficult for Zhang Guotao everywhere, insulting Zhang Chang, and deliberately ostracizing him.Once Zhang Guotao went to the provincial government to attend a meeting to discuss the issue of road maintenance.Wang Lingji stipulated that "voluntary labor recruitment" should be carried out, and each strong man should do hard labor for three days.Zhang Guotao thought it was inappropriate to do hard labor and should be paid.Wang Lingji said sarcastically: "Compulsory recruitment" was a rule set by Generalissimo Chiang when he suppressed the Communist Party in Jiangxi, and it has been done this way for many years.Mr. Zhang defected from Yan'an, so it's not surprising that he doesn't know these things.There is no reason to talk to these warlords. After only two or three months, Zhang Guotao couldn't do it anymore.This series of blows made Zhang Guotao depressed, and he found a few friends at home to play mahjong every day. After Zhang Guotao resigned, he moved to Shanghai. In 1948, he raised a sum of money, and together with several anti-communist literati Wei Daoming and Zheng Xuejia, he established a weekly "Chuangjin" to continue the anti-communist theoretical propaganda.At the end of this year, with the end of the Liaoshen Campaign and the in-depth development of the two major battles of Pingjin and Huaihai, the Kuomintang was defeated like a mountain, and its overall collapse was a foregone conclusion.Mao Renfeng, the leader of the military command, arranged the funeral in secret.He instructed his secret agents: All traitors of the Communist Party must stay in the mainland, and none of them are allowed to go to Taiwan.In Shanghai, Mao Renfeng invited Zhang Guotao to dinner and said to Zhang Guotao: After their research, the Communist Party will never kill you when it comes.If you stay, we will have an old friend who has worked with us for many years in the Communist Party, which is more effective than going to Taiwan.Mao Renfeng especially emphasized: this is not only his personal opinion, but also the decision of the "old man".Zhang Guotao pondered for a long time, and said in a low voice: "Your thinking is correct. They will never kill me when they come, but criticism and fighting are definitely indispensable."I am old, and I can accept the criticism of some old colleagues, but if it falls into the hands of those young people, I really can't stand it.After speaking, Zhang Guotao said goodbye and left.Shen Zui felt that Mao Renfeng was too cold, and asked Mao Renfeng: "Why did you let him fall into the hands of the Communist Party?" Mao Renfeng asked back: "He didn't do anything in the past, what else can he do if he goes to Taiwan?" What about?" Not only Zhang Guotao was abandoned, but others like He Wei and Xu Mengqiu also met the same fate.On the eve of the liberation of Nanjing, He Wei threw himself into the river in despair.After liberation, Xu Mengqiu was captured by our public security organs and was punished as he should.Zhang Guotao shed tears when he heard the news of He Wei's death. Zhang Guotao did not obey Mao Renfeng's order, fled to Taiwan at the end of 1948, and rented a house in Taipei to live.The Kuomintang authorities ignored him, and soon his house was seized by people from the Kuomintang "Southeast Military and Political Chief Office".Zhang Guotao couldn't stay in Taiwan, so he moved to Hong Kong in early 1949.He, Gu Mengyu and others founded the "Voice of China" magazine in the name of the "third force".The magazine died soon after.Zhang Guotao has few assets and it is difficult to maintain his life in Hong Kong.During the Korean War, the price of gold in Hong Kong rose. Zhang Guotao put his entire family property of US$5,000 into the market for gold business. Unexpectedly, the market plummeted.Fortunately, the eldest son Zhang Haiwei is teaching at the school, and his income is barely enough to make ends meet. Zhang Guotao was impoverished and deeply disappointed with the Kuomintang.Perhaps at this time he has reflected on his actions, seeing that the mainland is thriving under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, and the situation is bright.And Chiang Kai-shek was supported by the United States in Taiwan, lingering on his last breath.He also had the idea of ​​returning to China to settle down. In 1953, Zhang Guotao entrusted someone to bring a letter to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, expressing his desire to come back.On behalf of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Liu Shaoqi told the letter bearer: Zhang Guotao is fine if he wants to come back, but he must publicly admit his mistakes and account to the Central Committee for all his actions during the period of defecting to the enemy.Zhang Guotao did not accept these conditions, so the matter of returning to China was put on hold.He also asked the central government to let his second son Zhang Chuxiang come back to school.Under the arrangement of Premier Zhou Enlai, Chu Xiang studied at Zhongshan Medical College in Guangzhou for five years. After graduation, he returned to Hong Kong to practice medicine and had a stable income.Zhang Guotao more or less felt the leniency of the party's policy, and gradually alienated him from the Kuomintang. In the 1950s, people from Taiwan and overseas who studied modern Chinese history and the history of the Communist Party of China came to Zhang Guotao many times, some of whom sought intelligence for anti-communist purposes.Zhang Guotao expressed caution and refused to contact those who claimed to be leftists or rightists. In 1961, he accepted the invitation of the University of Kansas and began to write "My Memories".It took four years to finish writing this million-word memoir.Due to the time interval and the fact that the original documents and telegrams of that year could not be found, there are inevitably many historical errors in Zhang Guotao's memoirs.But after all, he wrote a complete experience of 18 years in the Chinese Communist Party.用他自己的话说：“在中国舞台上，我以往是个演员，现在仅是个观众。总希望能少看到些悲剧才好。”由于他的立场没有改变，对中央批判他的错误路线仍是耿耿于怀，死不认账。尤其是对毛泽东的描述，更是发泄他内心的仇恨。但是这本书中也确实叙述了党的初期和与共产国际关系等方面的往事，有一定的研究参考价值。特别是对鄂豫皖苏区和红四方面军战斗经历的叙述，还可见他的怀旧之情。这部回忆录1965年在香港《明报》杂志连载，又出版了单行本，引起海外关注。张国焘在撰写期间，每月由堪萨斯大学付给2000港币生活费，出书后又得到一笔稿费。夫人杨子烈也写了回忆录《往事如烟》，二人的稿费和版税收入，为他们提供了生活保证。 1966年毛泽东发动和领导的“文化大革命”在中国大地轰轰烈烈开展起来。这场运动也波及香港。张国焘眼看刘少奇、彭真等一大批中共中央高级领导人被打倒批斗，红卫兵“破四旧”和抄家之风愈演愈烈。想起他过去与毛泽东的恩怨，张国焘自觉在劫难逃。当时香港街头也出现了“红卫兵”的造反行动，张国焘惶恐不安，几次请求香港警方“提供保护”。但是张国焘在港英当局眼里不过是平民百姓，不可能为他昼夜站岗。张国焘感觉难保安全，便于1968年移民加拿大，投靠两个在那里留学的儿子。1977年张国焘身患中风，半身不遂。杨子烈在香港生活时因跌坏盆骨，也行动不便。儿子媳妇都有职业，不能照顾他们。于是张国焘申请住进多伦多市的免费老人病院，杨子烈住进养老院自理生活。儿女有空轮流前来探望。这个老人病院老人多而医生护士少，除了供给一日三餐和隔日洗澡，平时老人招呼多不理会。1977年12月初，当地大雪不止，天气严寒。而病院内暖气却时常中断，终日躺在病床上的张国焘，有时转身被子掉落地上，自己无法拾起，叫人也无人来助，只能咬紧牙关忍受寒冷。12月3日5时起，他突然大呕大吐两小时，就此昏迷不省人事。待医生来诊断，已经气绝身亡。当杨子烈及子女闻讯赶来，张国焘已停尸太平间。一家人痛哭愤恨，杨子烈在电话中对蔡孟坚说：“我们做共产党二十年，反共四十年，一生未享到半点幸福，天道真不平呀！”