Chapter 40 3. Deng Yingchao's mother fell into the enemy's hands

In the early morning of November 18 in the lunar calendar in 1940, the sky was low and thick fog enveloped the mountain city of Chongqing. The office of the Eighth Route Army in Chongqing, which was busy and tense in the past, appeared unprecedentedly solemn. On Hongyanzui Road, a group of people went to the funeral of Ms. Yang Zhende with great grief. Yang Zhende, formerly known as Baofeng and Mengxing.People miss her not only because she dedicated all her body, mind and energy to the people, but also because she selflessly cultivated and dedicated a truly good daughter to the cause of the people's revolution——Comrade Deng Yingchao, a heroine of the Chinese revolution.Whenever Deng Yingchao recalled her mother, she said: "My mother is an ordinary woman, a kind mother. Her life was a life of ups and downs. She has a unique character, opposes all feudal customs, pursues progress, and yearns for great harmony. In the world, there is a spirit of helping others. Self-reliance, diligent reading, and in-depth study of medical skills. She has played a very good role in my education and influence."

In 1876, Yang Zhende was born in an official family in Changsha City, Hunan Province.She loved reading when she was young. Her grandfather died from taking the wrong Chinese medicine, so her parents hoped that she would learn Chinese medicine, both for herself and for others.When she was young, she entered the society and worked hard to study medicine, and gradually she was able to treat people and use it as a means of earning a living and being self-reliant.Later, with the bankruptcy of the family business, his father was displaced and unemployed in Changsha, and the family came to Guangxi.Soon, the parents passed away successively.From then on, Yang Zhende walked alone into the helpless society and embarked on a thorny and precarious road of independent struggle.

In 1901, 25-year-old Yang Zhende married Deng Tingzhong, a Guangxi military attache who had three sons after his wife died.Deng Tingzhong was then in Nanning, Guangxi (equivalent to the current commander of the military division), and Yang Zhende was the wife of the town.But she is soberly aware that high-class wealth and powerful husbands are unreliable, and the most reliable is herself. In 1904, Zhende gave birth to a daughter named Deng Yuai, whose scientific name was Wenshu.This is her only daughter. When Wen Shu was 3 years old, her father resigned voluntarily on the grounds of going home to visit the grave because of a bad relationship with her boss, and went to Kunming, Yunnan to find another job.Unexpectedly, he was reported to the court, saying that he had committed the crime of deceiving the emperor, and was exiled to Xinjiang for three years.

The imperial court is irresistible, as soon as the edict arrives, it must set off.Due to the long distance and inconvenient transportation, Yang Zhende could not take his young daughter with him into the army.She endured her grief and sold all her jewelry and clothing for two hundred taels of silver to give to her husband.Unexpectedly, she said goodbye to her husband forever. She felt infinitely saddened by her husband's death, and cried for the first time in front of her daughter. For the survival of her mother and daughter, and to raise her beloved daughter, she made a determined decision: Even if it is hard work, she must support herself;She wants to take her daughter Wen Shu to walk the path that Chinese people should take.

Wen Shu is Deng Yingchao, and she lived up to her mother's expectations.When she was studying in Tianjin Women's Normal University, the May 4th Movement broke out. She and Zhou Enlai led the Tianjin students' patriotic movement and organized a progressive group - the Consciousness Society.She was the youngest member of Tianjin Women's Patriotic Comrades Association, only 15 years old at the time. He joined the Chinese Socialist Youth League in 1923 and was one of the earliest members in Tianjin. At the beginning of 1925, he became a member of the Communist Party of China. The daughter is outstanding, and the mother feels sincerely relieved.Yang Zhende is no longer a lonely and lost widowed mother. Like her daughter Deng Yingchao, she has tied her whole body and mind to the chariot of the people's revolution.

After the failure of the Great Revolution, Chiang Kai-shek hunted down Communist Party members and progressive young people everywhere.Deng Yingchao has been unable to gain a foothold in Guangzhou.With the help of the party organization, the mother and daughter boarded the ship to Shanghai. After arriving in Shanghai, the work of Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao went underground for a time, and Yang Zhende set up a fake home in the party's underground secret work organization, using the name of practicing medicine to cover the party's work.The party's underground work organization was destroyed several times. She strictly abides by the party's discipline and has been transferred several times to avoid the enemy's tracking and hunting.It was not until May 1934 that the party organization took her to the Central Soviet Area.

When working in the Central Soviet Area, Yang Zhende went to the Red Army General Headquarters as a doctor. She treated the soldiers and sometimes made medicine herself.She worked day and night for her comrades, and everyone was deeply moved by her spirit of dissolving the individual into the collective while forgetting selfishness. In September 1934, the main Red Army was preparing to break through, and the organization decided to transfer Yang Zhende and other comrades to other places. On October 10, Deng Yingchao set off with the mighty team. The mother and daughter bid farewell, but neither of them shed a tear, they just wished each other silently in their hearts.They don't know when they will be reunited, but they both know that they will face a more severe test.

During the transfer, Yang Zhende was unfortunately captured near Nanchang.Not long after he was taken to Nanchang, the reactionaries sent Yang Zhende to the Jiujiang Correctional Institute (ie, the Introspection Institute).At that time, Deng Yingchao did not know the whereabouts of her mother. It was not until 1936, when the Long March ended victoriously, that she saw news of her arrest from a newspaper.At that time, there was no way to inquire about the situation in the northern Shaanxi base area. After the Xi'an Incident, I learned from the comrades from the White Area that my mother was detained in the Jiujiang Reformatory along with many comrades, such as Chen Tanqiu's lover and Gu Bai's wife Zeng Biyi.

During the three years of detention, Yang Zhende was always concerned about the fate of the Red Army, and he had a deep love for the future of the revolution and a loyal heart.The enemy used both soft and hard methods against her, but they could not shake her revolutionary belief in the slightest.While in prison, she did not forget to propagate the revolution, preached revolutionary principles to the young guards sent by Gu Zhutong, and encouraged young people to read more books by Lu Xun.When talking about her feelings in the Central Soviet Area, she said: "You have never been to the Soviet Area, and you have not seen their revolutionary actions with your own eyes. Life and death are not at all. In the besieged environment, they can unite from top to bottom and share weal and woe with the soldiers. The soldiers understand the righteousness and know that the revolution is to save the country and the people..." She also said with admiration: " The revolutionary actions my daughter Deng Yingchao is doing now are quite different from those when she was a student. I really admire them. For the sake of the revolution, they have endured so many hardships. They eat coarse rice and light rice, without oil and salt; Coarse cloth and rags, linen sandals, riding a horse on the rugged mountain road, disregarding all personal life and death..."

Yang Zhende praised those revolutionary fighters infinitely and affectionately, and she herself inspired fellow prisoners in prison with the same heroic spirit and actions. In the reformatory school, no matter how the enemy interrogated her, she remained calm and composed.The reactionaries persuaded her to write letters to Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao, telling them not to be Communists anymore. Yang Zhende said sternly: "How can old people manage children's affairs now? Chairman Jiang's son also joined the Soviet Communist Youth League, and he can't manage it too." His son?"

In 1937, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party realized the second cooperation and established the anti-Japanese national united front.When the two sides negotiated, they proposed to release the arrested political prisoners, but someone needs to be released on bail.Yang Zhende didn't want to hurt others, so he said to the enemy, "I have no relatives and no reason, and no one is released on bail. If you want to release me, you can release me, or if you don't!" She was the last one released until the reformatory school was dissolved. In early June 1937, Zhou Enlai negotiated with Chiang Kai-shek and learned that his mother-in-law lived in a nunnery in Jiujiang after being released from prison. Later, the Japanese invaders marched on Jiujiang and occupied Wuhu, and people fled one after another. The party organization tried every means to bring Yang Zhende to Wuhan.At that time, Deng Yingchao had already worked in the office of the Eighth Route Army in Wuhan. One day, when Deng Yingchao came back from a meeting, the comrades in the reception room told her: "Your mother is here, in your house." Deng Yingchao was pleasantly surprised, and ran to the room in one breath, and saw her mother sitting peacefully on the round chair in front of the desk.Reunited after a long absence, the mother and daughter clasped their hands, not knowing what to say, tears of excitement flashed in front of their eyes. In 1939, the situation in Wuhan became increasingly tense. Yang Zhende retreated and transferred together with the staff in Wuhan. After many twists and turns, he arrived in Chongqing in 1940 and lived in Hongyan Village. After decades of running around and working hard, Yang Zhende—Mother Yang's body has become weaker and weaker. Coupled with the dangerous environment, the old man couldn't stand the toss and finally fell ill.She has a high fever, but she doesn't let Li Xu's daughter, who is far away, know. One day, when her daughter went to see her, she took her daughter's hand and said, "Xiaochao, I'm going to my 'home', don't be sad!" Knowing that her mother was in danger, Deng Yingchao felt very sad.After discussing with the organization, it was decided to take my mother back to live in the office.When the guards and soldiers carried her back to the office with chairs and asked her how she felt, she repeatedly said, the air is so good! She couldn't be happier!Her life was full of ups and downs, she ran around all over the world, and had no family life. This time, she was able to die in the big revolutionary family and in the caress of relatives, and she felt sincerely relieved. Many comrades who have worked in Chongqing know that there is a special and sincere relationship between Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao's mother.The death of his mother-in-law made Zhou Enlai very sad. He stood beside Deng Yingchao who was crying constantly, and stood in front of the body of old mother Yang for a long, long time in silence. Although he didn't say a word, the comrades present couldn't help crying when they saw all this. Come.Later, Zhou Enlai also gave a special introduction to his mother-in-law to Lieberman, a famous American journalist, and spoke highly of it. In the small building of the office, the mourning ceremony was held in a very strong and tragic atmosphere.At the memorial service, Xiong Jinzheng, on behalf of the comrades in the office, delivered a tribute: Deng's mother is clean and prosperous, her thinking is progressive, and her temperament is strong.Enter the society early, prepare for hardships; earn your own living, don't be lazy, or teach the whip, or give Qihuang, if you get a little income, you dare not hide it.Raise girls to school, teach girls well, lead girls to be self-reliant, and train girls carefully.Rescue Zhitu and try our best to help each other.Following the revolution, he was imprisoned.Not afraid of threats, not afraid of wind and frost, court summons, impassioned.Resolute in will, alone in Xunyang, Jiangxi welcomes you, joy is boundless.When the Japanese invaders attacked, although they were old, they did not panic. They cared about state affairs and never forgot.Fang Qi was defeated by the bandits and was able to see Ankang. Unexpectedly, he fell ill and died suddenly.Looking back on the past, the grief is abnormal.Prepare flowers and fruits, and offer them to the spirit.Alas, Shang Xiang! This sad and heroic eulogy outlines Yang Zhende's formidable and virtuous life, and entrusts the revolutionary comrades' infinite admiration and deep memory for Yang Zhende, Yang's old mother. After the chasing meeting, a long line of more than 100 people, led by Zhou Enlai, Ye Jianying and other comrades, marched with the coffin to the burial site of Fuyuan Temple in Xiaolongkan, Chongqing. In November 1958, in accordance with the instructions of Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao, the remains of Zhou Enlai's father and Deng Yingchao's mother were cremated and buried nearby. On June 11, 1984, the Chongqing Municipal People's Government relocated Yang Zhende's ashes to Hongyan Cemetery as a memorial.