Chapter 38 1. Can Qu Qiubai walk?Mao Zedong can't help

At the beginning of September 1934, apart from the relatively peaceful situation on the southern front, the fighting on the eastern, western, and northern fronts in the Central Soviet Area was even more tragic. The enemy speeded up to move southward, and bad news from the front line came one after another. The situation is extremely critical, and the secret work of the breakout transfer has entered the most intense stage: determining the list of cadres to leave and stay. who is going?Who stays?The list of senior central cadres is basically delineated by Bogu. When Qu Qiubai's name was included in the list of left-behinds by Bogu, Zhang Wentian hoped that Bogu would seriously consider it again, but Bogu insisted that he had seen it, and said with good reason: "Qu Qiubai is suffering from lung disease and is in poor health. How can he march long distances? "

Sounds reasonable.In fact, Qu Qiubai was not the only one who was sick or seriously ill at that time? Didn’t senior and frail comrades like Deng Yingchao, Wang Jiaxiang, Dong Biwu and Xu Teli take part in the Long March and reach northern Shaanxi safely? This is entirely caused by the sectarian thinking of Wang Ming's "Left" dogmatists.Qu Qiubai was hit because of his opposition to the sectarian activities of Wang Ming and Bogu, and has always been discriminated against and distrusted by them.Especially on September 22, 1933, the "Decision Regarding Comrade Di Kang's Mistakes" made by the Provisional Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was a heavy blow to Qu Qiubai.

The decision pointed out: "According to Comrade Dikang's recent articles published in "Struggle", the Central Committee believes that Comrade Dikang has committed a very serious and systematic opportunistic mistake... The Central Committee believes that the party departments at all levels are very serious about Dikang The opportunistic error of comrades, the most ruthless struggle should be waged in the organization..." Di Kang is Qu Qiubai.His original name was Qu Chuan, and he was born in Changzhou, Jiangsu Province on January 29, 1899. In 1919, he participated in the May 4th Anti-imperialist Patriotic Movement when he was studying in the Beijing Russian Language School, and was a leading member of the Beijing Federation of Secondary Schools and Above. In 1920, he participated in the Marxist Theory Research Association. In the same year, he went to Soviet Russia for interviews and investigations as a reporter for the Beijing "Morning News".During this period, he wrote works such as "Russian Township Journey", "Chidu Heart History", "Russian Revolution" and dozens of "Russian Newsletters", which had a wide range of influences.He was the first Chinese to directly investigate and report on all aspects of the new Soviet state after the October Revolution.

In February 1922, Qu Qiubai was introduced by Zhang Tailei, a fellow villager, and joined the Communist Party of China. After returning to China in January 1923, he began his career as a professional revolutionist, and soon became a pen of the CCP, and became the main contributor to the three official publications of the CCP Central Committee—"New Youth", "Front" and "Guide". In June 1923, he attended the "Three Three" of the Communist Party of China and presided over the drafting of the party program. In 1924, he attended the "One Congress" of the Kuomintang and participated in the drafting of the manifesto of the congress.

With the emergence of literary talents and the expansion of influence, Qu Qiubai's position in the party has also increased year by year. In January 1925, he was elected as a member of the Central Executive Committee at the "Fourth Congress" of the Communist Party of China and served as a member of the Central Bureau. In April 1927, he entered the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China during the "Fifth National Congress" of the Communist Party of China.After the failure of the Great Revolution, he presided over the August 7th Conference, which ended the rule of Chen Duxiu's right opportunism in the party.After the meeting, he served as a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee and presided over the work of the Central Committee. In fact, he became the second leader of the Communist Party of China after Chen Duxiu. From the winter of 1927 to the spring of 1928, although he made the mistake of "Left" putschism, he and his comrades, under extremely difficult conditions, made great contributions to restoring the party's combat effectiveness and ushering in a new era of revolution.

In September 1930, together with Zhou Enlai and others, he presided over the Third Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Party, corrected and stopped the implementation of Li Lisan's "Left" adventurism mistakes in the whole party.However, at the Fourth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Party in January 1931, he was mercilessly attacked by Wang Ming, who was more "left" than Li Lisan, and was dismissed from the central leadership position.After that, he led the left-wing cultural movement together with Lu Xun in Shanghai. In 1933, Shanghai became increasingly tense. Shi Jimei (pseudonym Ma Shaowu), a special commissioner of the Kuomintang Central Committee, was stationed in Shanghai, with the goal of detecting the secret agency of the CPC Central Committee in Shanghai. Under the close surveillance of the central government's secret agents.

Under such circumstances, the Party Central Committee ordered Qu Qiubai to leave Shanghai and transfer to the Soviet area. In early January 1934, Qu Qiubai disguised himself as a doctor and arrived in Ruijin on February 5 along the secret traffic line in the Central Soviet Area.At that time, the "Second Soviet University" had just opened, and he took on the important task of Minister of Education as soon as he arrived.In less than three months, together with Xu Teli, Vice Minister of Education, he worked out a whole set of "Soviet Education Regulations" based on the reality of the Soviet area, and put them into practice.

While engaged in educational work, Qu Qiubai organized a central library by organizing the idle books piled up in the room and putting them on shelves.Mao Zedong told him that some of these books were collected from various places, and most of them were seized during the attack on Zhangzhou. It took a lot of effort to carry them back to the Soviet area. The library was established, and Mao Zedong was a "frequent visitor".He likes to read Lu Xun's books. The first Lu Xun's works he read was a vernacular novel published in "New Youth" in May 1918.Lu Xun also read Mao Zedong's article "Research on Sports" signed by "Twenty-eight Painted Students", which was also published in "New Youth".Qu Qiubai was a close comrade-in-arms of Lu Xun, who took refuge in Lu Xun's home four times in Shanghai.He wrote the preface to "Selected Essays of Lu Xun", which was highly appreciated by Lu Xun.The couplet written by Lu Xun, "It is enough to have a confidant in life, and the world should treat him with the same sympathy" is an expression of deep affection for Qu Qiubai.

Qu Qiubai also wrote a preface to Mao Zedong's "Investigation Report on the Hunan Peasant Movement", in which he said: "All Chinese revolutionaries should read Mao Zedong's book, just like Peng Pai's "Haifeng Peasant Movement". He once praised that China has two "kings of the peasant movement", namely Peng Pai and Mao Zedong. Getting acquainted is expensive.In Qu Qiubai's view, Mao Zedong was a trustworthy comrade-in-arms. He always wanted to talk to Mao Zedong when he encountered any difficulties, problems, or thoughts in his heart. Before the Long March, Qu Qiubai didn't know the strategic intention of the central government's decision to break through and transfer, let alone whether he should leave or stay.Qu Qiubai didn't know that his name had been included in the left-behind list by the decision-makers until the eve of the departure of the troops, when Mao Zedong announced the list of personnel left behind at the "Green Mountain Conference" (the name Mao Zedong called) hosted by Mao Zedong.At the meeting, although Qu Qiubai was a little excited, he didn't say anything.After the meeting, he approached Mao Zedong, hoping to act with the large army, and hoped that Mao Zedong could speak out.

What can Mao Zedong say?His younger brother Mao Zetan and his sister-in-law He Yi were left behind, He Zizhen's elderly parents were left behind, Zhou Yili, Chen Zhengren, Ruan Xiaoxian, He Shuheng, Gu Bai and his wife, Deng Zihui, Zhang Dingcheng, Tan Zhenlin, Liang Baitai and his wife who were close to him , Liu Bojian were left behind. What is the weight and effect of his words?Since Bogu entered the Central Soviet Area, he has also been excluded from the high-level decision-making circle of the CCP, and his power has long been emptied.The three powers of party, government, and military in the Central Soviet Area are already in the hands of Bogu; Later, Zhang Wentian was arranged to be the chairman of the People's Committee. From this, Mao Zedong was just a head of the government in name only.

Still, Mao Zedong said it.He approached Bo Gu and put forward his opinions on the arrangement of Qu Qiubai and other cadres.However, Bogu still couldn't listen at all. Mao Zedong was very concerned about Qu Qiubai's difficult situation.According to Nie Rongzhen's recollection, when the troops were about to leave, he went to Ruijin to visit Mao Zedong. "Mao Zedong heard us talking about the transfer, so he said, 'You know?' I said: 'We have accepted the task.' We went to see Mao Zedong this time, and we wanted to find out where the transfer was going, but he just talked about it, no We continued talking, but suggested that we go to a library run by Comrade Qu Qiubai." Mao Zedong proposed to visit the library founded by Qu Qiubai. On the one hand, he expressed his importance to Qu Qiubai's hard work in developing culture and education in the central base area. On the other hand, he also expressed his farewell to his comrades before leaving. Qu Qiubai is a model implementer of the party's democratic centralism.Although he had a lot of problems with the "left" dogmatists not allowing him to participate in the Long March, he still obeyed the organization's decision in the end. He bid farewell to the main force of the Red Army, Mao Zedong and other revolutionary comrades who had struggled together for many years. Unfortunately, this farewell turned out to be a farewell forever. After the main Red Army withdrew, Chiang Kai-shek mobilized 100,000 troops to "clear and suppress" the Ruijin area.Under the leadership of the Central Soviet District Bureau, men, women and children in the mountains hundreds of miles around Ruijin armed themselves and fought tenaciously against the enemy.By the beginning of 1935, it was difficult to continue in Ruijin and Yudu. The Central Sub-bureau decided to transfer dozens of people, including Qu Qiubai, He Shuheng, Zhou Yuelin, and Zhang Liang, to the mountains south of Changting, Fujian. On February 24, during the transfer, Qu Qiuzi was unfortunately captured in Shuikou Town, Zhuotian District, Changting.The enemy sent him to the headquarters of the 36th Division of the Kuomintang Army in Changting.He used the pseudonym Lin Qixiang and claimed to be a doctor.Later, he was betrayed by a traitor and his identity was exposed.The enemy locked him alone in a cell and kept him under strict guard.He writes some miscellaneous thoughts or poems every day, and sometimes stamps, with a leisurely demeanor.The enemy lured him to surrender, and he said: "People love their own history more than birds love their wings. Please don't tear up my history!" It’s time to die’. Not only have I heard about the way of communism and fought for it for many years, but I have also seen more and more people sacrifice and fight for it. Communism will succeed one day. Even if I die, why should I die? What a pity!" The enemy tried all means, but they could not shake Qu Qiubai's steadfast and unyielding revolutionary integrity. On the morning of June 18, 1935, when the enemy presented Chiang Kai-shek's telegram to "shoot on the spot", Qu Qiubai smiled lightly and said calmly: "It is rare for a revolutionary to have a chance to rest, and being arrested and imprisoned is only temporary. Rest. Death is to give him a quiet and long-term rest. The philosophy of our revolutionaries is to do our best and die." After lunch, the enemy escorted him to a lawn next to the Snake Palace outside the west gate of Changting, and told him to kneel down. He sternly refused, sat cross-legged with his chest up, nodded and smiled, and said, "This place is very good!" Then he sang loudly. "Internationale", broke the silence of the space.Afterwards, he drank bullets and spilled blood in a row of gunshots, and sacrificed his precious life for the revolution at the age of 36.With deep respect, the local people buried him on the hillside of Panlonggang, Luohan Ridge outside Ximen. In 1950, the fifteenth anniversary of Qu Qiubai's martyrdom.To commemorate Qu Qiubai, Mao Zedong published an inscription for Qu Qiubai's posthumous works: "Comrade Qu Qiubai has died for fifteen years. Before he was alive, many people did not understand him or opposed him, but his courage to work for the people did not frustrate. In the difficult years, he insisted on the position of a hero, and would rather go to the executioner's knife than give in. His spirit of working for the people, his unyielding will in the face of difficulties and his thoughts preserved in writing will be Live forever, never die. Comrade Qu Qiubai is willing to use his brain to think about problems, he is thoughtful. The publication of his posthumous works will benefit the youth and the cause of the people, especially in cultural undertakings.” In 1955, on the 20th anniversary of Qu Qiubai's martyrdom, the Party Central Committee relocated his remains to Beijing Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery.