Chapter 18 2. Mao Zedong said that construction must also be carried out in war

Although Mao Zedong lost his party power and military power, Bogu did not let him idle. In February 1933, Bogu talked to Mao Zedong and asked him to lead the land survey movement in the Soviet regime system. Bogu specifically confessed to Mao Zedong that it should be done according to the principle of "landlords do not divide land, rich peasants divide bad land" instructed by the Communist International and the Central Committee, and the old districts should be redistributed.The new area must implement "correct land distribution", "so that the gentry and landlords will not be allocated an inch of land, and the rich peasants will not be allocated a good mound of land."

Bo Gu clearly knew that Mao Zedong did not agree with this land distribution policy. Mao Zedong was in trouble.He knew that what Bogu and the others advocated was actually to completely negate the results of land distribution in the Central Soviet Area under his leadership.It's called checking the land, which is to accuse the past land distribution of being incorrect. Let's see if Mao Zedong dares to deny himself... Mao Zedong was a very disciplined person, and Bogu spoke on behalf of the party organization, and subordinates must obey their superiors.What's more, Mao Zedong is the chairman of the central government, and he led the land survey campaign, which is a local affair, and it is justifiable.

Mao Zedong acted vigorously and resolutely, but he did not follow the principles explained by Bo Gu, but went deep into the grassroots for investigation and research.He sent Wang Guanlan, secretary of the Ministry of Land, to Yeping Township in Ruijin, and selected pilot sites with county and township leaders Yang Shizhu and Zhu Kaiquan.Mao Zedong repeatedly told them not to rush to let go. However, long before the start of the land survey movement, Bo Gu and others created public opinion in "Red China" that "landlords do not divide land, rich peasants divide bad land". "Left", became the Cha class.At that time, more and more landlords and rich peasants were investigated. Many middle peasants and wealthy middle peasants were promoted to rich peasants and landlords. Landlords and rich peasants, and then talk about the present with the "ancient".In fact, a "Left" land policy that eliminates the landlords physically and the rich peasants economically has been implemented.

Many middle peasants, poor peasants, and workers complained endlessly. The landlords and rich peasants were facing a desperate situation, and small merchants and hawkers went bankrupt one after another.The Soviet area complained for a while. They did not understand why the Communist Party, which originally represented the interests of the proletariat, suddenly became like this... Factors of turmoil appeared in the Soviet area. People kept coming to Mao Zedong, begging Chairman Mao to make decisions for them. Mao Zedong, who originally disagreed with this approach, became angry.Seeing that the "Left" policy harmed the interests of the people in the Central Soviet Area, damaged the Soviet cause, and affected the image of the party in the Soviet Area, Mao Zedong couldn't sit still.He said: "The land survey movement is to check the class, not to check the land by the mu. It is absolutely wrong to cause panic among the masses by checking the land by the mu."

"The goal of the land survey is to check the class, not to check the sub-field." "The rich peasant elements should not be treated as landlords." "Infringement on the interests of the middle peasants is absolutely not allowed." Mao Zedong shouted loudly: "We must resolutely oppose the 'Left' opportunism that invaded the middle peasants and wiped out the rich peasants in the land survey movement!" Regardless of the fact that the "Left" line had the upper hand, Mao Zedong tried his best to reduce the losses caused by the "Left" land policy.According to the actual situation, he distinguished three kinds of areas and made different deployments: the central work in the developing areas was confiscation and distribution of land, and the central work in the struggling backward areas was land inspection.Mao Zedong also "rehabilitated" some peasants, bringing many "landlords" and "rich peasants" who had been artificially exalted back into the ranks of poor and middle peasants.A poor farmer in Yeping Township was designated as a landlord in the land investigation campaign because his great-grandfather owned some land, but he was not allocated any land.Under Mao Zedong's care, the poor peasants returned to their true colors.The farmer brought his whole family to kneel in front of Mao Zedong...

What Mao Zedong did annoyed Bogu and others again, and they accused him of committing another "Rightist line error".In their view, Mao Zedong was an "incorrigible person", and later he simply removed the post of chairman of the People's Committee of his government, leaving only the title of "head of state" in name only... Mao Zedong specialized in rear work, impressive. Fighting in the front, building in the rear.Under his leadership, the Ministry of National Economy at all levels was established in the Central Soviet Area, which consisted of design bureaus, survey and statistics bureaus, grain adjustment bureaus, cooperation group steering committees, foreign trade bureaus, and state-owned enterprise management bureaus.

There is no ready-made answer in the Marx and Engels classics on how the Soviet state in a state of war should carry out economic construction.After some thinking, Mao Zedong formulated the general policy and a series of policies for the Soviet area economy based on the reality of rural China.He said: "The principle of our economic policy is to carry out all possible and necessary economic construction, concentrate economic power to support the war, and at the same time try our best to improve the lives of the people and consolidate the industrial and peasant economic power to support the war." We must "strengthen the state-run economy." The leadership of the private economy constitutes the prerequisite for the development of socialism in the future"!

Mao Zedong also proposed specific goals: First, we must put agriculture first in economic construction.He said: "Agricultural production is the first priority of our economic construction work. It not only needs to solve the most important food problem, but also needs to solve the supply of raw materials for daily necessities such as clothes, sugar, and paper, that is, cotton, hemp, cane, bamboo, etc. , the cultivation of forests, and the multiplication of livestock are also important parts of agriculture." Second, the development of the state-run economy and the cooperative economy and the protection of the private economy go hand in hand.The state-run economy should be developed as much as possible, and the cooperative economy can become a huge force in the economy of the Soviet area and should be strengthened; the private economy is a supplement to the above-mentioned economy, so long as it is not illegal, it should be advocated and encouraged.

Third, vigorously develop Chibai trade and adjust commodity and currency circulation.In the base area, there was a severe shortage of daily-use industrial products, agricultural and sideline products were unsalable, and the scissors gap between industry and agriculture widened. Mao Zedong took a series of measures based on the situation, using private capital to protect the freedom of trade. Fourth, develop financial services in base areas.Mao Zedong believed that it would not be enough to rely solely on hunting local tyrants and confiscating funds, but to rely on taxation and the development of the national economy to increase financial resources.

Under the personal leadership of Mao Zedong, the economic construction of the Central Soviet Area has seen an unprecedented good situation.The number of state-owned enterprises has grown to 32, and there are 2,200 production cooperatives of various types. Private industry and commerce have developed rapidly. It has flourished, issued public bonds of 1.8 million yuan, and economic construction bonds of 3 million yuan! The economic construction and achievements of the base areas not only maintained the red regime and supported the war for several years, but also cultivated and created a group of talents who understand both politics and economics.Mao Zedong, as the protagonist and director on this big stage of economic construction, put in a lot of painstaking efforts.He is an expert in war, and Mao Zedong is also an expert in economic construction.

During the period of the Central Soviet Area, various undertakings were booming, and two universities were established, one was the Soviet University and the other was the Red Army University, both proposed by Mao Zedong. In the early days of the establishment of the Central Soviet Area, Mao Zedong instructed all localities to do everything possible to improve the cultural level of the workers and peasants, and ensure that workers and peasants and their children enjoy the priority of education.For a while, various new types of schools were established one after another, and compulsory education and social education were widely carried out. With the development of various undertakings, Mao Zedong thought about setting up higher-level schools. On August 16, 1933, Mao Zedong presided over the meeting of the Central People's Committee and proposed the idea of ​​establishing a Soviet university in Ruijin, and Mao Zedong himself served as the principal. The university site was chosen on a piece of loess hill on Shazhouba.The university, with thatched roof tiles and bamboo chips as beds, officially opened in September 1933, recruiting a total of 1,500 students.Mao Zedong gave a political class to students every week.The school has trained a large number of military and political talents for the army and localities. In April 1933, Mao Zedong moved from Yeping to Shazhouba with the central government agencies.Mao Zedong lived in Yuantai House, Shazhouba. This is a standard farm house with rural characteristics in southern Jiangxi.A tall and tall camphor tree with thick shades stands outside the house. Entering through the small door next to the tree is a small yard, which is covered with cobblestones, which looks tidy and peaceful.Mao Zedong and He Zizhen lived in the main hall behind the courtyard. One evening, Mao Zedong was chatting with Uncle Yang in the village under the big camphor tree in front of the courtyard.I saw an old man passing by carrying a load of muddy water.Mao Zedong was very surprised, so he asked: "What is the use of such dirty water?" "Eat it." The old man replied. Mao Zedong looked into the bucket, and there were bugs wriggling in the muddy water!Busy asked with concern: "Is there no cleaner water?" At this time, Uncle Yang interjected: "Oh, Chairman Mao, to tell you the truth, our Shazhou Dam is short of water. People eat, water the fields, do laundry, and wash vegetables, all rely on the water in the pond over there!" The old man who carried the water put down the bucket, pointed to the foot of the mountain in front and added: "There is a mountain spring at the foot of the mountain over there, but the road is far away and there is little water, so it takes half a day to pick up two loads. Since the central government moved in, the village has suddenly become more With thousands of people, it’s even more difficult to get water.” That night, Mao Zedong couldn't sleep at all. The presence of central government agencies increased the burden of life for the masses, and Mao Zedong felt guilty. The next day, Mao Zedong walked around the village, and then called the township chairman, Uncle Yang and others to discuss the water issue. Mao Zedong suggested: "Can we dig a well in the village?" "Drilling a well? Alas! We have never drilled a well since ancient times!" said an elder. "How to drill this well?" "I think you can try." "I'm afraid I won't be able to get water." Everyone talked a lot, and finally agreed to Mao Zedong's proposal and decided to dig a well by the spring at the foot of the mountain. A few days later, the water really came out.But after a few days of eating, no one went to carry water anymore.Even the water delivered to the door by the Red Army soldiers was secretly poured out.People went back to the pond to pick up dirty water to eat.It turned out that there was a cemetery next to the well at the foot of the mountain, and the masses were suspicious, thinking that the water was unpalatable! Mao Zedong observed the customs and mood of the masses, and again consulted with the township cadres to find a new well location and drill another well. After the well location was selected, Mao Zedong led the central government staff to work together, lifting and digging, and Mao Zedong personally went down to the bottom of the well to spread sand, stones and charcoal... After the well was dug, seeing the clear water overflowing, all the elders smiled happily and surrounded Mao Zedong to express their thanks.In order to remember the kindness of Mao Zedong and the Red Army, the township cadres named this well "Red Well". After the Long March of the Red Army in December 1934, the enemy filled the well many times. In order to protect it, the people of Shazhouba fought fiercely with the enemy again and again, and finally kept it. In 1950, the people of Ruijin repaired the well in order to welcome the sympathy group from the old southern base area sent by Mao Zedong, and set up a wooden sign next to the well, which read: "Don't forget to dig people when you drink water, and miss Mao Zedong happily." Chairman." In Shazhouba, Mao Zedong also led the staff of the central government to help the local build a bridge, drafted the "Spring Plowing Production Outline" for the township government, and served as a witness for couples. Do research.During the day, Mao Zedong visited villages and households, held symposiums at night, and mastered a lot of first-hand materials.Later, according to the investigation, Mao Zedong wrote "Changgang Township Investigation", which was included in "Mao Zedong's Rural Investigation Collected Works".