Chapter 13 5. The Nineteenth Route Army was defeated like a mountain, and Bogudun felt "cold lips and teeth cold"

The Fujian government is unique in that it stands up quickly but falls down quickly, and its lifespan is only fifty days. Some historians commented on its mistakes in this way: "Due to poor preparations for the incident and improper strategies, a separate republic was established at the beginning and the national flag was changed, and a new political party was formed, which made some local powerful factions in the Kuomintang who were dissatisfied with Chiang Kai-shek's rule, such as the Guangxi Clan in the southwest and the north. All the warlord forces dared not respond and took a wait-and-see attitude. They were very isolated politically; It is impossible to deploy a large number of troops into Fujian in a short period of time, and even if they come, they can occupy the Gutian and Shuikou areas and support them for a long time, so they adopted the wrong combat policy of passively defending Fuzhou."

Cai Tingkai and Jiang Guangnai, the main leaders of the Fujian Revolution, also deeply felt the same when summarizing this period of history later. Cai Tingkai wrote in his recollections: Canceling the party flag and national flag, abandoning the Three People's Principles, gave Chiang Kai-shek an excuse to crusade against "rebellion and injustice". On the second day after the establishment of the Fujian government, Chiang Kai-shek used his trump card. Although Wang Jingwei, Sun Ke and others were usually incompatible with Chiang Kai-shek, they were generous to help at this time.Wang Jingwei cursed in Nanjing, saying that the "Fujian Change" was the fifth treasonous act of changing the state system after Yuan Shikai's so-called Hong Xian, Zhang Xun Restoration, the Soviet Union, and the Puppet Manchukuo. The arbitrary killing of another by one person.Sun Ke clamored in Nanjing that the military suppression of Chen Mingshu would not be enough to wipe out his ambitions.

In the entire Kuomintang, there were almost no supporters except Li Liejun from Shanghai who sent a telegram to express his support and Zhang Xueliang who called to support him in Europe.Fang Dingying from Hunan was planning to launch an attack in western Hunan, but seeing that the situation was not right, no matter how Chen Mingshu responded, he couldn't launch it.Overseas Chinese from Fujian and Cantonese usually enthusiastically support the 19th Route Army, but at the moment, there are very few supporters. In particular, Chen Jitang of Guangdong, originally signed an alliance with the Fujian government, but after receiving a subsidy of one million from Chiang Kai-shek, he became an enemy of the Fujian government. Nineteen Route Army agencies in Guangdong.

Seeing Chen Jitang's treachery, Cai Tingkai reprimanded him "from the same root, so why is it too urgent to confront each other?"The Fujian government originally thought that its ally, the Chinese Communist Party, would provide assistance, but it was greatly disappointed.Ruijin's top decision-making level, not only did not send charcoal in a timely manner, but was suspected of making trouble. Bogu said: "If you shake hands with Cai Tingkai, you must call him a counter-revolutionary at the moment of shaking hands." When representatives of the Nineteenth Route Army were invited to attend the opening ceremony of the Second National Congress of Soviets, someone at the meeting proposed to assist the Fujian government, but the "Left" closed doorists withdrew it on the grounds that "the Fujian government is also a warlord."Some people even scolded the Fujian government in front of Fujian representatives: "It's worse than a counter-revolutionary that openly flaunts the banner of counter-revolution."

The publications "Struggle" and "Red Flag Weekly", which are the organs of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, published a series of articles. In the "Political Resolution" of the Fifth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, they all described the Fujian People's Government as "to save the bankrupt counter-revolutionary rule, and to The robbery of the imperialist carve-up of China casts a smokescreen", "is to oppose the Soviets and pave the way for fascism"... The Fujian government was still in its infancy, so it was besieged on all sides and politically isolated.Chen Mingshu's fantasy that "as long as the electricity is turned on to launch a disaster, the whole country will respond to everyone" has come to naught.

In just one month, all the ministries of the Kuomintang's "crusade army" were in place. (1) Jiang Dingwen led the Second Route Army, under the jurisdiction of Li Yutang's Third Division and Li Yannian's Ninth Division. Arrived near Yanping. (2) The Fourth Route Army led by Zhang Zhizhong, under the jurisdiction of Wang Jingjiu's 87th Division and Sun Yuanliang's 88th Division, fled from Zhejiang to Fujian, passed Xianxialing, Pucheng, and Jian'ou, and the forwards had already approached the vicinity of Gutian . (3) The Fifth Route Army led by Wei Lihuang has jurisdiction over Song Xilian's 36th Division, Li Mo'an's 10th Division, and Liu Kan's 83rd Division. , the first Song Xilian arrived near Yanping.

(4) Liu Heding, who was counted by Chiang Kai-shek as the commander of the 39th Army, led the 56th Division from the south of Jianou to the northern area of ​​Yanping, showing the appearance of attacking Yanping. (5) The Tang Enbo column of the follow-up troops, under the jurisdiction of the 4th Lengxin Division and the 89th Division of Wang Zhonglian, has entered Fujian from eastern Jiangxi and is already advancing from Shaowu to Shunchang. It is also interesting to say that these "Central Army" and Cai Tingkai were allies who fought side by side against Japan and the Red Army, but now they are at war with each other.

At the same time, Japan, Britain, and the U.S. military also showed off their force and threatened the Fujian government.The ships of the Japanese Third Fleet Kuma, Shifeng, and Anyun along the coast of Fujian, the British warship White House, and the American warship Dushar, in the name of protecting overseas Chinese, threatened the mouth of the Minjiang River and Xiamen. Chen Mingshu, Jiang Guangnai, and Cai Tingkai never expected that Chiang Kai-shek's troops would be so overwhelming.Although the 19th Route Army has 70,000 troops, its pace is not consistent, and some of them do not obey orders.The troops were scattered in all directions, fortified everywhere, without mobility, and very passive.

The Military Commission of the Fujian Government held an emergency meeting, mainly discussing the issue of operational policy.Li Jishen, Chen Mingshu, Jiang Guangnai, Cai Tingkai, Huang Qixiang and others all attended.Facing the unfavorable military situation, the meeting had great differences of opinion. Cai Tingkai proposed: Concentrate the main force to take the initiative in northern Fujian, first eliminate the cunning and miscellaneous troops of Liu Heding, which is the most harmful to the 19th Route Army, and then go south to fight the eastward enemy in the south of Jianou and east of Shunchang. The first batch of vanguard troops are defeated and strive for a favorable strategic situation.

Jiang Guangnai pointed out: Since the enemy is determined to use military force to attack, even if he wins a head-on attack, he will not be able to solve the battlefield problems. Because the enemy's follow-up troops are strong, if we make the main force of our army fight fiercely too early and lose our vital strength, it will be equal to defeating ourselves. Broken, the overall failure.Therefore, it is advisable to withdraw the main force to the southwest of Fujian and rely on the Red Army to resist for a long time, or to move the main force to the east of Fujian and break into eastern Zhejiang to disrupt the enemy's offensive plan.

Chen Mingshu, Li Jishen, Huang Qixiang and others believe that Fuzhou is the capital of the people's government, and they will never give up as a last resort.Our main force is limited and should not be dispersed. We should concentrate on ensuring Fuzhou and expand our political influence. They believed that Cai and Jiang's plan was too risky, and that they were too negative to withdraw from western Fujian, which would affect the morale of the revolution. Around the above three cases, a heated debate was launched.Most of the Military Commission and the Staff Group advocated defending Fuzhou, so they formally passed the plan to abandon northern Fujian and defend Fuzhou.Seeing that everyone was like this, Cai Tingkai and Jiang Guangnai stopped fighting. The military policy decided at this conference was a serious mistake.In less than a month, the 19th Route Army suffered a heavy blow from Jiang's army in the outskirts of Fuzhou, and Fuzhou was in danger. On January 10, 1934, Li Jishen, Chen Mingshu and others hurriedly arranged for the evacuation of government personnel, and decided to abandon Fuzhou and choose a place to fight again. Important personnel returned to Hong Kong first, and then waited for the situation to stabilize.Thus, the people's government began to disintegrate.Li Jishen, Chen Mingshu, Jiang Guangnai, Huang Qixiang, etc. took the plane, Chen Youren, Xu Qian, Zhang Bojun, etc. took the sea vessel, and He Gonggan took the car, and left Fuzhou on January 13. This is the end of the people's government in less than two months. All the members of the Fujian government left, and Cai Tingkai couldn't bear to leave tens of thousands of soldiers of the 19th Route Army behind.Under the powerful offensive of the "crusade army", Cai led his troops to retreat southward.In Tuling, Quanzhou, Cai Tingkai's guards were attacked by Li Mo'an's 10th Division of Wei Lihuang's Department. His car was shot several times and he fled. Chiang Kai-shek adopted a quick-fix strategy. Before the "crusade army" arrived, they sent a large number of planes to bomb Fuzhou and Xiamen in turn. In this way, the local miscellaneous troops in Fujian who had returned to Cai Tingkai were terrified and shaken.On the third day after the incident, except for Lu Xingbang and Lu Xingrong, who were still able to maintain telephone contact with Fuzhou, the miscellaneous troops were unable to make calls.Some withdrew from the defense zone, while others were simply bribed by Chiang Kai-shek and turned their guns. The naval forces of the two military seaports of Mawei and Xiamen in Fujian were also won over by Chen Shaokuan, Minister of the Navy of Nanjing, who rebelled against Cai Tingkai and led his fleet out of Fujian. Chiang Kai-shek's "discussing generation" army has not yet met the 19th Route Army, but the 19th Route Army is in chaos... As soon as Fuzhou fell, Hu Hanmin of the Southwest Executive Department of Guangzhou proposed that as long as the 19th Route Army resumed its relationship with the Kuomintang, Chen Mingshu and Li Jishen would leave the country, and the rest would be exempted from prosecution, the war would cease, and the 19th Route Army's anti-Japanese honorary title would be maintained. Guangdong Chen Jitang asked Chiang Kai-shek to retain the name of the 19th Route Army and designate southwestern Fujian as the army's defense line, which was incorporated by Dai Ji and Chen Weiyuan. At this time, Jiang Dingwen's Department landed from Xiamen, Tang Enbo's Department first advanced into Anxi and Tong'an, and surrounded the 19th Route Army. Cai Tingkai's Zhangxia Garrison Commander Huang Qiang surrendered, and Jiang's warships cruised along the coast. In view of this situation, Cai Tingkai held an emergency meeting at the headquarters of the Third Army of Mao Weishou in Quanzhou. At this time, Mao Weishou had already made his own plans.He didn't want to confront Jiang Jun's direct line for Cai Tingkai's sake; besides, the chairman of the committee had promised him a promotion.When Cai ordered his troops to station at Luoyang Bridge, he had an ambiguous attitude, saying: "Now we are surrounded by heavy siege, we can't fight, we can't retreat." , also helpless. During the conversation, Cai already noticed that the other party forced him to leave.In order to take the overall situation into consideration and avoid civil strife, Cai Tingkai said: "We do things as a group and for the revolution. Although we have no regrets in defeat, please rest assured. Except for the defeat of Tan Qixiu's Fifth Army, the other four armies suffered little loss. I will leave it to you to lead. Before the enemy encircles you, you should take the risk of rushing westward, and Xu Tu will raise it again, otherwise you will simply surrender and be slaughtered by the enemy. I will fly to Zhangzhou tonight and retreat to Longyan to take the last measure against the dictatorship." Seeing that Cai was determined to leave the army under his oppression, Mao Weishou was immediately elated and elated.Weng Zhaoyuan, commander of the Xingquan garrison, and Zhao Jinwen, Mao's chief of staff, also remained silent. Before Cai Tingkai left, Fan Hanjie, the deputy chief of staff, went to Xiamen to negotiate with Jiang Dingwen, explaining that he had left the army, and asked to retain the number of the 19th Route Army, carry out peaceful reorganization, and preserve the anti-Japanese forces. Fan is a first-year student in Whampoa, one of Chiang Kai-shek's most admired students, and the earliest teacher among Whampoa students.After Fan Hanjie arrived in Xiamen, he did not see Jiang Dingwen. Things did not go as Cai Tingkai expected.On the third day after he arrived in Longyan, news came from Nanjing: Mao Weishou led the 19th Route Army to surrender to the central government, broke away from the Fujian government, urged Li, Chen, Jiang, and Cai to leave first, pushed Dai Ji out to maintain, and stopped military activities. Waiting for peaceful settlement. After Mao Weishou surrendered, Liao Qirong, Shi Baoqi and other regiment leaders disobeyed and led their troops to flee westward to find Cai Tingkai, but were unfortunately intercepted and wiped out by Jiang Jun on the way. In the end, the majestic 19th Route Army had only 4,000 soldiers left. The Nineteenth Route Army was defeated so quickly, beyond Bogu and Li De's expectations, Bogudun felt "cold lips and teeth cold".He said to Li De: "Chiang Kai-shek defeated Cai Tingkai so quickly, which is too bad for us. The 19th Route Army abandoned Fuzhou and withdrew westward to Longyan, which is the edge of the Soviet area." "With the collapse of the Fujian government, Chiang Kai-shek will step up his efforts to encircle and suppress the Red Army." Li De also felt the same way, realizing the seriousness of the problem. Prior to this, Zhou Enlai suggested many times that Bo and Li should not delay any longer, and should immediately send Peng Dehuai's Eastern Army to fight in Fujian to support Cai Tingkai. After New Year's Day in 1934, Bogu and Li De finally agreed to Zhou Enlai's suggestion to let the Eastern Army enter Fujian for the second time. On the second day after Peng Dehuai entered Fujian, he sent a telegram to the Fujian government secretariat, saying that the Red Army had dispatched to pursue and attack the two divisions of the Jiang army in Guangze and Shaowu, and it was expected to catch up in a day or two. Cooperate in combat. Cai Tingkai was very happy to receive the telegram, and immediately ordered the air force to dispatch.But the newly purchased six planes broke down and were sent to the repair shop before they even took off.Cai Tingkai stamped his feet and thumped his chest, out of anger: "What kind of plane is this? The Nineteenth Route Army was already in chaos, and Cai Tingkai couldn't even draw out a complete regiment, and once again lost the opportunity to cooperate with Peng Dehuai. Cai Tingkai was in his prime, with only 4,000 soldiers and horses under him, feeling that the situation was over.He discussed the future way out with his staff. There are three analyzes: 1. Enter the Soviet area to join the ranks of the Red Army; 2. Stay in western Fujian to fight guerrillas; 3. Return to Guangdong to accumulate strength and make a comeback. Cai Tingkai retreated to Dachi, and Zhang Dingcheng, the head of the Western Fujian Party and the Red Army, immediately sent a representative to contact him, expressing his welcome to enter the Soviet area and join the Red Army to fight against Chiang.At this time, Cai was very contradictory. He believed that the Red Army failed to fully support him during the "Fujian Revolution", and that the Nineteenth Route Army was defeated so quickly and so badly.There are not many remnants today, and it is even less important to enter the Soviet area. I am afraid it will be difficult to gain a foothold.Cai Tingkai's chief of staff, Deng Shizeng, rushed to Dachi from Guangdong, tried his best to oppose entering the Soviet area and cooperating with the Red Army.Therefore, this plan was rejected. Regarding the guerrilla fighting in western Fujian, Cai Tingkai made a special trip to Jiaoyang and stayed with Fu Bocui for a few days, trying to join forces with him, and Fu agreed. Fu Bocui was born in Shanghang, Fujian.In the early years, he participated in the Tongmenghui and the Chinese Revolutionary Party. He joined the Communist Party of China in September 1927, and participated in leading the Shanghang and Jiaoyang riots in June 1928.Later, he served as deputy commander-in-chief of the West Fujian Riot, head of the 59th Regiment of the Red Army in West Fujian, commander of the Fourth Column of the Fourth Red Army, member of the former committee, executive member of the Soviet Government in West Fujian, and minister of finance. In December 1930, he was expelled from the party for refusing to work. He broke away from the revolution in March 1931, and later served as the magistrate of Yongding County, Ninghua County, and head of the security regiment of the Kuomintang. He participated in launching the Western Fujian Uprising in May 1949, and later served as the senior staff officer of the Fujian-Guangdong-Jiangxi border column headquarters of the People's Liberation Army, the president of the Fujian Provincial People's Court, a member of the Provincial People's Government, the curator of the Museum of Culture and History, and the deputy director of the Provincial People's Congress. He joined the party again in 1986. He died in Fuzhou on January 30, 1993. Fu Bocui had more than a thousand troops in his hands at that time, and he also controlled some territories in western Fujian.He favored the middle forces, lived peacefully with the Red Army, and did not invade each other, and had a relatively harmonious relationship with Cai Tingkai. Cai told Bo: "Knowing that I am in western Fujian, Chiang Kai-shek will definitely attack with all his strength. Our team is too small, so it is difficult to resist. I do not have the ability to fight guerrilla warfare in the Red Army, and it is difficult for me to survive under the difficult conditions of food and ammunition supplies." Cai Tingkai was actually thinking about Fu Bocui. If he stayed in western Fujian, Fu's territory would be wiped out by Jiang Jun. After much discussion, Cai Tingkai decided to return to Guangdong. Regarding the attempt to return to Guangdong, when Cai Tingkai first retreated to western Fujian, Chen Jitang called to incorporate Cai's remnants, and Cai Tingkai called Chief of Staff Deng Shizeng to contact him. In early February, Deng Shizeng and Huang Hechun, director of military supplies, returned to Dachi in western Fujian and brought 200,000 yuan in funding. Deng Shizeng told Cai Tingkai that Chen Jitang planned to organize the remnants of the 19th Route Army into the independent third brigade of the Guangdong First Group Army, which would be under the command of Huang Renhuan, the first independent division stationed in Fujian and Guangdong. After several considerations, Cai Tingkai agreed to the case and appointed Huang Hechun as the brigade commander in order to preserve the last seed of the 19th Route Army and take it back to Guangdong to Xutu to raise the anti-Chiang banner.After the brigade was compiled, it was moved to Yongding.Cai Tingkai went to Hong Kong. When the 19th Route Army withdrew from Fuzhou, CCP representatives Pan Hannian, Zhang Yunyi, Huang Huoqing, Luo Ming, etc. were ordered to return to the Soviet area by their own routes.Zhang Yunyi retreated westward with Yun Yinglin's division of the 19th Route Army, and was escorted back to the Soviet area by his personnel.Pan Hannian and Luo Ming passed through Hong Kong and then transferred to the Soviet area. The Fujian Incident, which was vigorous and shocked the government and the public, ended in such a sad and desolate way. The opportunity to rewrite history was so missed.