Chapter 5 Chapter 4 Tongguan, the castrated prince is not alone

Among the great historical tragedies staged in AD 1127, there is one character between comedy and tragedy that stands out.He is Tong Guan. Half a year ago, he had been ordered to be killed by the emperor.It was generally believed then and later that he was the main maker of the tragedy of AD 1127, and that even a hundred deaths would not be enough to atone for his crimes.Therefore, in later generations, when his name is mentioned, people often involuntarily think of the big painted face on the stage, or the characters with a large white powder on the bridge of the nose. In fact, Tong Guan's experience is full of legendary tragicomedy.In his lifetime, he created several "most" in Chinese history, which must have become records that no one can break in the history of the Chinese nation so far, and may remain forever.

These records are: The eunuch with the longest holding time in Chinese history; The eunuch with the greatest military power in Chinese history; The eunuch with the highest title in Chinese history; The first eunuch in Chinese history to represent the country on foreign missions; The only eunuch who was canonized as king in Chinese history. No one can accurately count the total number of eunuchs in Chinese history.Roughly speaking, there should be no less than a million talents.There are also commentators who estimate that it should be around three or four million, and extreme people even think that it may reach tens of millions.These are not important.The important thing is that, in all fairness, among these millions of people, with just such a few records, there is no reason for this character to be caricatured and made into a clown.In fact, if we look through the historical records without prejudice, we will find that before the tragedy in 1127 AD, for nearly two decades, Tongguan must have been the pride and glory of our empire, representing a considerable The glory and dream of some people.

It may be due to the conceptual thinking of the mass media and the entertainment industry. Whenever we think of those villains in history, we often associate them with either rogue-headed, or full-faced.We know from historical records that at least this was not the case for these villains in the late Northern Song Dynasty. Perhaps it was because Song Huizong was a genius in art, and the close and important ministers he trusted and loved were generally outstanding in appearance.Emperor Huizong himself, according to the ancient people's description, has a face like fat jade, lips like vermilion, and a demeanor like a jade tree facing the wind, which does not seem to have much to do with his political stupidity.Judging from his immortal figure painting "Listening to the Piano" and some records of contemporary people, Cai Jing's features are clear and handsome, and his demeanor is elegant and calm.Another person of this type, who was also an official to a prime minister, was named Wang Fu.This person is tall and straight, with blond hair and golden eyes, which is very different from ordinary people and extraordinary, which also does not affect this person's humble and wretched behavior.

Tong Guan is another type.According to historical records, this man was tall and burly, his skin and bones were as strong as iron, his eyes were piercing, his complexion was dark, and he had a beard. At first glance, he was full of masculinity, not like a castrated eunuch.This may have something to do with the fact that he did not clean himself until he was nearly twenty years old. It is said that Tong Guan is a magnanimous person, capable of donating money, and he is quite generous in his actions, much like those heroes of the same era who generously donated money.It's just that he is very selective in the objects of righteousness and wealth. Harem concubines, eunuchs, court ladies, Taoist priests who can get close to the royal family, emperor's close ministers, etc., can get a lot of benefits from him from time to time.Therefore, the emperor can often hear good things about him, which can be called rave reviews.More importantly, such a man with a masculine appearance has a well-behaved temperament, a meticulous heart, and a strong insight into the emperor's psychology. He can often predict the emperor's intentions in advance, so he rarely speaks or does things in a wild way. Thus greatly pleased.

When Tong Guanjing entered the palace, he was a disciple of Li Xian, a senior eunuch from his hometown.This Li Xian was a well-known eunuch in the Shenzong Dynasty. He had served as an army supervisor on the northwest border for many years and had quite a few military exploits.Tong Guan has studied in a private school for four years, and has some foundation in scriptures; he followed Li Xian to the front line, and laid a foundation in military affairs, which is a bit of a literary and military flavor.In addition, he has gone deep into the northwest ten times, and he has a good understanding of the local mountains and rivers, which makes him very unusual among eunuchs.However, it seems that Li Xian didn't give him any special promotion and care, so Tong Guan has been in the palace for more than 20 years and has never been able to stand out.If someone with Zhao Ji's temperament hadn't become the emperor, or in other words, if Emperor Shenzong could have lived another twenty years, he might have died of old age in the palace in obscurity.

Calculating from time, Tong Guan was forty-eight years old when Huizong became the successor of Dabao.This age is the time when life experience, experience, and energy are at their peak.Huizong sent him to Hangzhou to set up the Ming Jin Bureau in the name of an enshrined official in the inner court to collect Luo Wen's calligraphy and paintings, which opened the way for him to ascend for the first time.Generally speaking, an enshrined official in the inner court is roughly equivalent to the director of procurement and supply in the imperial palace. It is not a high-ranking position, but it is a very lucrative job.Tong Guan was not satisfied with reaping benefits, and his use of this opportunity can be regarded as scheming and meaningful.

In Hangzhou, Tong Guan was close to Cai Jing, who was relegated here, and got along day and night.This time, it is said that Cai Jing was very flattering, and gave Tong Guan his collection of Wang Youjun's calligraphy; he also helped him play with several rare calligraphy and painting utensils collected by Hangzhou folks.In folklore, there are many stories about the two of them stealing and plundering.For example, like A Fei releasing pigeons and dancing immortals on the beach in Shanghai, they said that a concubine of Cai Jing was a beauty who was going to be presented to the emperor, and thus extorted two antiques that the emperor liked very much from a family member. draw and so on.In any case, it is said that it includes the authentic work of Zhou Wenju, which Emperor Huizong dreamed of - "Chess on Double Screen" and so on.The emperor was very pleasantly surprised by these work achievements, so he began to look at Tong Guan differently.In fact, Tong Guan must have done a lot of immoral things during this period and when he presided over the work of the Hangzhou Zaozuo Bureau.However, it is obvious that none of these criticisms against Tong Guan can offset the joy he brought to the emperor.Moreover, what is even more powerful is that Cai Jing and Tong Guan have forged a deep friendship that they invoked each other.

During this trip to Hangzhou, Tong Guan enthusiastically guided Cai Jing to create a batch of well-loved calligraphy and painting works according to his own understanding of the emperor, which were continuously sent to the emperor through Tong Guan.After returning to Beijing, he generously presented generous gifts to the concubines in the palace, the Taoist priest who had predicted that Zhao Ji would become the emperor, the emperor's close ministers, and the other eunuch Liang Shicheng who was trusted by the emperor. At that time, it was said that several of Tong Guan's confidant apprentices were very confused and did not understand why the master was so enthusiastic about helping a poor guy who was relegated to another place.Tong Guan told them: "The current prime minister has no regard for us. It would be extremely difficult, if not impossible, to curry favor with us; if we see it correctly, and use our own strength to support a prime minister, it will be completely different. gone."

Facts have proved that Tong Guan Shao Leng Zao's eyesight and skills are all superb.In less than a year, Cai Jing triple jumped to sit on the prime minister's seat.This has far-reaching significance for Tong Guan. One of Cai Jing's major moves after he presided over the state affairs was to recommend Tong Guanjian to the Northwest, with the intention of recovering the four states in Qinghai and Gansu.At that time, something happened, and Tong Guan's temperament can be seen quite clearly: After Tong Guan served as the supervisor of the army, he marched to Huangchuan with the army.They sacrificed animals and sacrificed flags here, held a swearing-in meeting, and then, just as the battle was about to start, they suddenly received an edict from the emperor.It turned out that there was a fire in the palace, and the emperor thought it was an omen that it was not suitable to fight, so he urgently ordered the troops to stop.After Tong Guan read the edict, he folded it up and stuffed it into the boot as if nothing had happened.The general in the army asked him, what did the emperor write?Tong Guan replied: The emperor hopes that we will succeed as soon as possible.

In this war, Tong Guan kept a low profile. He supported and cooperated with the leading generals, fought a series of beautiful battles, and quelled the rebellion of the tribes in the northwest.At the celebration meeting for recovering the four states, the generals happily received their rewards, and Tong Guan did two very revealing things: At the celebration banquet, he slowly took out the emperor's edict and told the generals in the army to watch it.Everyone was surprised when they saw it.The leading general asked him rather apprehensively why he did this?Tong Guan replied: "The morale was high at that time. If you stop fighting like this, how will you fight in the future?" The general asked: "What if we are defeated?" Look at the reason. If you are defeated, of course I will be the one to accept the crime." It is said that the generals at that time "Hula" knelt down on the ground at once, and everyone was grateful and admired.Everyone knows that the military order is like a mountain, not to mention it is against the order, this is really not a joke.If defeated, Tong Guan might indeed lose his head.

At the same time, Tong Guan also did another very touching thing.After the war started, a very desperate general was killed.At that time, the general's wife had passed away. After he died in battle, his only son lived on the street and became a beggar.Tong Guan ordered him to be brought back, recognized the child as his adopted son in public, and declared that he would treat the orphan as if he were his own, and raise him up.This hand is very powerful.The generals who fought in the field of life and death in the town were very moved and decided that Tong Guan was a boss worth working for.Since then, Tong Guan has firmly established his prestige in the Northwest Army.It's a pity that this child who was renamed Tong Shimin helped Tong Guan do a lot of bad things when he grew up. One year before 1127 AD, when the "six thieves" were punished, he was beheaded by the new emperor at the same time as Tong Guan.This is a later story. This victory is extremely important to the Great Song Empire.The empire has not had military glory and splendor for a long time, which makes the emperor, ministers and people of the empire quite depressed.You know, since the "Chanyuan Alliance" and the empire and the Liao Kingdom formed a "brotherly state" that was constantly fighting each other, the northeast and northern regions have calmed down, and the northwest military has become a long-term pain in the empire's heart.Fan Zhongyan, a famous official of a generation with great reputation in Chinese history, once fell here and fell into the sand, making his head very disgraced.Therefore, Tong Guan became a dazzling star rising in the Great Song Empire. He was warmly welcomed by the government and the people in the capital like a hero, and shone for a long time over the dark northwestern sky of the empire. Afterwards, Tong Guan haunted the Northwest all the year round, presided over the military affairs in the area, and led his troops to win several battles in a row, and successively recovered the Jishi Army, which is today's Gansu Guide, and Taozhou, which is today's Gansu Lintao.Since then, Tong Guan has become a veritable pillar of the empire, supporting the sky in the northwest that has almost collapsed many times.There is also a saying that the northwest region is barren and the people are poor, and the sky has not collapsed for many years, which shows that it cannot really collapse; it is only Cai Jing and Tong Guanzheliu who want to claim credit, so they resort to military force and repeatedly provoke wars. end.This statement certainly has its truth.What we want to express here is simply to say that the imperial government at that time, in fact, needed and welcomed this kind of military success very much.Its psychological basis should probably be more than just wanting to use force. At this time, in the second year of Daguan (AD 1108), there was a serious quarrel between Tong Guan and Cai Jing.At that time, people called this official position "envoy", and it was generally used when the prime minister was released as a Jiedu envoy.In the past, this official position was never granted to eunuchs.Cai Jing said: "It's too much for Tong Guan to be a eunuch. How can he deserve the honor of being a minister?" Cai Jing refused to be appointed by the imperial edict as a prime minister, and the emperor let it go. In fact, Cai Jing has been dissatisfied with Tong Guan for a long time.He believed that Tong Guan had violated his dignity and rights as prime minister.The reason is that for quite a long time, when Tong Guan selected generals and officials in the northwest region, he did not go through government procedures, but directly obtained appointments from the emperor.In some cases, he simply made up his own mind and made appointments first.This greatly hurt the self-esteem of Prime Minister Cai Jing, the head of the government, so he decided to show it to him. Of course Tong Guan was also annoyed.However, he remained calm and observed the situation quite calmly.In the second year, the third year of Daguan, that is, in 1109 AD, Tong Guan used three prongs to pull Cai Jing down in one fell swoop.This time, he mobilized three forces: in the palace, the head of the inner court, including his apprentices, worked hard on the concubines and the emperor, and kept blowing Cai Jing's bad things in their ears; Officials with Cai Jing who had a long history of grievances worked together on the Taiwan admonishment officials, and finally the Zhongcheng and the palace servant Yushi came forward to impeach Cai Jing; the third way was the most slanted, but also the most lethal- The emperor's most trusted Taoist came forward and told the emperor secretly, saying that sunspots appeared in the sun, and the Lord was repelling the ministers, otherwise it would be ominous.Huizong was quite frightened, and Cai Jing repeatedly asked to see him but was turned away.Therefore, Cai Jing petitioned to retire, and the emperor immediately issued a decree, agreeing that he should become an official as a Taishi, be demoted as an envoy of the Taiyi Palace, and then relegate him to Hangzhou. So far, Tong Guan has won a complete victory.However, it is very likely that he did not enjoy much of the thrill after victory.The reason is that Zhang Shangying, the successor prime minister, was in charge of the government, and repeatedly advised the emperor to "frugal waste, stop civil engineering, and suppress luck. The emperor is stern and afraid of it", and he was called loyal and upright at the time.In fact, when Emperor Huizong first came to power, Zhang Shangying used to be the prime minister. At that time, the young emperor was a little afraid of him. Therefore, when repairing the palace, he specially asked the foreman to avoid the craftsmen when he saw the prime minister coming, and not let the prime minister see him. to them.Later, Zhang Shangying was included in the list of treacherous parties by Cai Jing. In fact, everyone knew that this was nonsense, and Cai Jing used it to exclude competitors.Because it is well known that Zhang Shangying supports the reform.Now, nearly ten years later, the emperor feels much better about himself, but Zhang Shangying has not changed at all. He has consistently corrected the emperor and state affairs with his own integrity, so that the emperor is still "severely afraid of him", which means he is particularly afraid of him.Obviously, this is very different from Tong Guan's number of ways. In the first year of Zhenghe, that is, in 1111 AD, Tong Guan was promoted to the title of Taiwei, the highest military officer.It was also at the same time of the year that Tong Guan, with the support of the emperor, did a major event so far unprecedented: as a deputy ambassador, he represented the emperor and the country on a mission to the Liao Kingdom.It is said that this incident was planned by Tong Guan.The reason is that there is no war on the western front at this stage, Tong Guanjing is very anxious, and wants to go to Liao Kingdom in the northeast to see if there is any opportunity. Although Tong Guan's reputation was in full swing at this time, after all, this was a mission abroad on behalf of the emperor and the country. Therefore, some ministers still raised doubts, thinking that it would be unsightly to use a person with an unhealthy physiology to represent the emperor. People underestimate it as a huge country with no one to send. Unexpectedly, Emperor Huizong didn't think so, he was quite proud of Tong Guan: "The Khitan people heard that there is a Tong Guan in our country, who has won many battles, and would like to see him. It happened that he was sent to investigate the situation in Liao Kingdom." Therefore, his official position was added to the inspection school Taiwei, Zheng Yunzhong, a scholar of Duanmingdian, was the envoy, and Taiwei Tongguan was the deputy envoy, and he went to Liao for a state visit.From this we can see Emperor Huizong's romantic and frivolous character: he is not likely to allow himself to be bound by secular, traditional, and rigid things.However, as we know: art needs romance, while politics needs rigidity and meticulous rules and procedures.This romance of Emperor Huizong laid the groundwork for the catastrophe of the empire and the destruction of tens of millions of families. Soon, Tong Guan finally got the lofty title of Kaifu Yitong Sansi. This is also an arrangement that breaks the historical tradition, that is to say, it is also unprecedented.Soon, Tong Guan was appointed to lead the Privy Council and became the highest military chief in the country after the emperor, which was the first eunuch to preside over the Privy Council.Then, he worshiped the Taifu and made him the Duke of Jing. In this way, Tong Guan became an extremely human minister, brilliant and brilliant.At that time, people called Cai Jing "Prince Gong" and Tong Guan "Prime Minister".We know that "媪" means an old woman. At this time, at least Cai Jing must have understood Tong Guan's power in his heart, and knew that he and this old eunuch had different weights in the emperor's mind. In all fairness, Cai Jing's political vitality should be considered extremely strong.In his life, just in the position of prime minister, he went up and down, and he was in charge of the prime minister for more than seventeen years.The tenacity and tenacity of his will can be imagined.We know that Cai Jing is extremely smart and talented in many fields.Generally speaking, the moral orientation of any society is generally advocating good and suppressing evil.When the mechanism of a society allows people to do evil with impunity, but can become rich and prosperous, the social mechanism and cultural traditions of this society should be permanently questioned; All the brilliant and splendid actions should have reason to be considered as despicable and shameless acts of villains.In fact, the society in which Cai Jing and Tong Guanzheliu live can roughly be seen in this way. Tong Guan is different from Cai Jing.From Emperor Huizong's ascension to the throne, in the twenty-five years, Tong Guan has been going smoothly and his fortune has been rising.In the meantime, except for the battle to regain Yanyun in his later years, the emperor was slightly dissatisfied, which caused this person to leave his post briefly. ——When the Jie army was defeated, the emperor didn't take it seriously, and handed over all the military power of the whole country to him.An important psychological factor in this is: the emperors of all dynasties in China generally regarded eunuchs as domestic slaves, thinking that they had lost their children and grandchildren, so they would not have political ambitions to seek power and usurp the throne, and at most they coveted some wealth.According to the history, there is indeed no case of an eunuch becoming an emperor in China.However, the emperors often overlooked that in order to preserve their wealth and honor, these people may seek wealth and death and help others to seek power and usurp the throne. Of course, the main goal is the life of the emperor and the throne. Another factor that caused the emperor to trust the eunuchs was that in the huge harem, the emperor could only get along with these people day and night every day, and the emotions were naturally different. It is very likely that Cai Jing realized all this, and Cai Jing took the initiative to bow his head to Tong Guan to show his favor.There is a legend that it was Cai Jing who visited Tong Guan first; and Tong Guan also realized the importance of Cai Jing's reign, so the two settled their suspicions and made up.There may be some problems with this legend.At that time, Cai Jing was demoted to Hangzhou, and officials who were demoted to other places were generally not allowed to return to the capital without the emperor's will. It is also doubtful whether Tong Guan had been to Hangzhou during this period.In this regard, we are tentatively skeptical.But one thing is generally certain, that is, Tong Guan and Cai Jing will cooperate tacitly in the next ten years, and there will be no direct conflict of interest again. In February of the second year of Zhenghe, that is, in 1113 AD, the emperor invited Cai Jing, who had been dismissed for a little more than three years, to return to the court.In May, Cai Jing took power again, and the emperor ordered that the seventy-year-old prime minister be allowed to work at home. Cai Jing's comeback this time is truly disastrous for the Song Empire.Most of Huizong's huge projects that labored people and cost money were started successively during this period.For example, many dynasties did not dare to build Mingtang easily, such as Yanfu Palace, Genyue and so on.During this period, Huashigang also spread into disasters and poisoned the whole country. At this time, the old prime minister Cai Jing also seemed to see through it, and he punished people in a ruthless and hot manner.All promotion and dismissal of officials must be approved by him.Anyone who obeys him can get promotion and beauty in an instant; but anyone who disobeys him, from the prime minister to the humble officials, must be eliminated quickly.At that time, it was recorded in a contemporary work that a guy who came to his house to seek an official, saw the prime minister within a meal, and promoted three people from today's county and regiment-level cadres to deputy directors. bureau level.Moreover, all of this was done in front of the man, showing that he no longer cared about exercising power publicly.His three sons and one grandson are all official bachelors, and their status is equivalent to that of the ruling, almost at the level of the deputy prime minister.The servants and servants in the family are all high officials, and most of the concubines are named wives. Among them, Cai You, Cai Jing's eldest son, is the most promising.Emperor Huizong doted on this guy so much that he made him official to Kaifu Yitong Sansi, and he could enter the palace to meet the emperor at any time.Like the blond-haired, golden-eyed and dignified prime minister Wang Fu and Li Bangyan, known as the "Prodigal Prime Minister", he often participated in secret dramas in the palace.These three prime ministers and deputy prime ministers often put on make-up and put on costumes. They are mixed among the dwarfs, and they speak some obscene jokes in the market, which are roughly equivalent to today's dirty jokes and the like, and some performative exaggerations may be added. He even painted his whole body full of tricks, and then took off all his clothes to perform in order to please the emperor.It is said that once when the monarch and ministers were overjoyed, they were bumped into by the queen. The queen was taken aback, shook her head and sighed: "If the prime minister is like this, how can this country be governed?" Later, this Cai You's power was able to fight against his father, so he set up his own family and began to compete with his father.It can be seen from the historical records that this guy's methods are extremely ruthless.For example, at that time, his younger brother Cai Xiu was deeply loved and relied on by his father, so this elder brother found an opportunity to ask the emperor to execute his younger brother.Cai Jing knelt in front of the emperor in tears and begged for mercy, which saved the son's life. "Song History" records that one day, Cai You suddenly came to Cai Jing's home.Cai Jing was talking to a guest, and when he saw him coming in, he hurriedly asked the guest to hide in the inner room.I saw Cai You grabbing his father's wrist, checking his pulse, and asking: "My lord, the pulse is soothing. Is there any discomfort in your body?" Cai Jing replied firmly: "No!" Cai You said Said: "There are still things in the palace." Then he walked away.As if in a fog, the guest asked Cai Jing in a daze: What kind of trick is this playing?Cai Jing replied: "You don't know, this kid wants to use my illness as an excuse to dismiss me from office." Cai You may have wanted to fill the vacancy of his father at that time, and let himself be in charge of the seal.A few days later, Cai Jing was indeed dismissed as prime minister.But Cai You's hopes also came to nothing, and Cai Jing's successor was the blond-haired and golden-eyed Wang Fu. It can be regarded as a kind of retribution.In Chinese history, two generations of father and son were extremely powerful ministers at the same time. They were exiled and beheaded on the same day, and they were included in the biography of treacherous ministers in the official revision history. Cai Jing and his son may be the only ones in this family.If you add Cai Bian, the younger brother of Cai Jing who was also included in the biography of traitorous ministers, who also opened the government and the third division, and thus became an extremely human minister, and Cai You, who was also included in the biography of traitorous ministers and who was equally powerful In the words of his younger brother Cai Xiu, then, the deeds of the Cai family alone can be regarded as magnificent in Chinese history. It was during this period that Cai Jing and Tong Guan had a high degree of tacit understanding and encouraged Emperor Song Huizong Zhao Ji to plan, organize, and implement events that caused huge waves or catastrophes in Chinese history.This is the Lianjin Destroyer Liao event intended to recover the Yanyun Sixteen States.From then on, the Great Song Empire was pushed into an abyss where blood flowed like a river, leading to the collapse of the Great Song Empire, resulting in the displacement of millions of people, the destruction of their families, and the destruction of a piece of history of the Great Song Empire. It's bleak to read. The incident started when Tong Guan was sent as an envoy to Liao. In fact, this mission did not have any major issues. It was just to congratulate Emperor Tianzuo of the Liao Kingdom on his birthday in accordance with the diplomatic practice after the two countries became brothers.Tong Guan is nothing more than paying attention to the situation of the mountains and rivers along the way, and inspecting the customs and customs along the way.Except that the reception standard of the Liao Kingdom was not particularly noble and grand, which made Tong Guan feel a little dismayed, everything was done in a proper manner, and there was nothing new that was particularly worth mentioning.After entering Linhuang Mansion, the capital of the Liao Kingdom, they saw that the streets were full of people and the market was quite prosperous.After further attention, it turned out that the Khitan people and the Han people lived in separate lands: the north of the city, with tall and luxurious houses, was the living area of ​​the Khitan people;This made the members of the mission feel a lot of emotion. An unexpected major harvest happened on the way back home. When Tong Guan and his party walked to Lugou, which is near Lugou Bridge in the southwest suburb of Beijing today, Ma Zhi, a Han from the Liao Kingdom, visited late at night and offered a wonderful plan to recover Yanyun and bring down the Liao Kingdom to the famous Taiwei Tong Guan. , opened the prelude to an earth-shaking event in the history of the empire. Ma Zhi lives in Huoyin, Yandi.After Khitan occupied the sixteen prefectures of Yanyun, his family became the common surname of the Han people in the Liao Kingdom, and they have been officials for generations since the distant ancestors.Up to his generation, the official was Guang Luqing, a mid-to-high-ranking official in charge of the royal family's meals, and his daily work was in charge of the royal wine, delicacy and food affairs.The official revised history "Song History" included him in the ranks of traitors, and said that he "has committed filth and civil strife, and he is contemptuous of others."This kind of evaluation is often followed by later generations of scholars, making this Ma Zhi look quite disgusting. In fact, this evaluation is highly debatable.We know that "Song History" was majored by Tuotuo, a Mongolian prime minister of the Yuan Dynasty.After the Mongols wiped out the Southern Song Dynasty and took control of the Central Plains, they actually resented being regarded as Huren and Hulu like the Khitans, and even more resented that the Han people harbored Chinese orthodoxy.Knowing this should help us understand why Ma Zhi was included in the biography of traitors in the official revision history. If we study the historical materials carefully, we can easily find that Ma Zhi's insight and actions are quite sharp and predictable, far superior to the princes of the Song Dynasty.If there is anything wrong with him, it is only that he should not have hoped for the political clarity of the Song Dynasty after being disappointed by the political corruption of the Liao Kingdom.He didn't know that, in fact, the level of corruption in the Great Song Empire might have far surpassed that of the Liao Kingdom.In fact, it’s no wonder that he, at that time, the vast majority of people in Liao and Jin thought that the Song Empire was an extremely admirable, highly wealthy, powerful, and highly civilized country. There is an example that illustrates the problem well: The predecessor of the current Emperor Tianzuo of the Liao Kingdom was the Emperor Tianyou.The emperor once cast two Buddha statues with two thousand taels of silver.The inscription engraved on the back of the Buddha statue reads: "Kaitai Temple casts a silver Buddha, and may future generations live in China!" The site of this Kaitai Temple is just one mile northwest of Xibianmen in Beijing today.Even the emperor hoped to be reborn in "China" in the next life, so it's no wonder that Ma Zhi yearned for his homeland.Therefore, as a well-known writer said: Ma Zhi overestimated the strength of the motherland, not because he was sorry for his motherland, but because the motherland failed him.Later, in the first year of Jingkang, that is, in 1126 A.D., after the cavalry of the Kingdom of Jin swept across the river, the emperors and ministers of the Song Empire did not reflect on themselves, and turned their anger on Ma Zhi, and killed him who had changed his name to Zhao Liangsi and was loyal to the empire. In Chenzhou, Hunan, where he was demoted. At this moment, Tong Guan was very excited about Ma Zhi's strategy of destroying Liao and restoring Yan.He has finally found a world where he can accomplish a lot, and in that world, he will create a great cause that will shake the ancient and modern. Historians have always had different opinions on the date of Ma Zhi's official rebellion to the Song Dynasty. Many people believe that Ma Zhi was brought back to Bianliang by Tong Guan this time.Judging from the actual situation at that time, the time that Professor Chen Lesu researched may be more convincing.That is to say, the date when Ma Zhi came to vote should be the fifth year of Zhenghe, that is, 1115 AD.At this time, it has been two years since Wanyan Aguda raised his troops to rebel against the Liao Dynasty, and established the Jin State regime a year ago.However, the state of Liao's state of affairs has become more and more decadent, and it is irreversible.At this time, Ma Zhi's strategy of uniting the Jin to destroy the Liao and restore the Yan was just logical.If this judgment is true, then the meeting at the Marco Polo Bridge four years ago may have only reached a certain consensus or intention.At that time, Aguda had not yet inherited the position of the chief of the Wanyan tribe, so the situation was not clear; on the other hand, if a country’s mission was to be taken out of the country by a rebel from the visiting country, it would inevitably cause an uproar in the relationship between the two countries.Therefore, the possible situation is: Tong Guan agreed with Ma Zhi to let him keep in touch with the prefect of Xiongzhou in the Song Dynasty on the border of Song Dynasty and Liao Dynasty, waiting for the opportunity. However, all of the above is not important.The most important thing is that in 1115 AD, the prefect of Xiongzhou sent an emergency document, which included Ma Zhi's personal letter, citing the old saying of Confucius that "a dangerous country does not live", indicating that the south returned to the "sanctuary" and restored the clothes of the Han family. wishes.Everything he stated was not inconsistent with imperial orthodoxy.Therefore, Huizong ordered Tong Guan and Cai Jing to discuss whether to accept it. The two agreed that it should be accepted, so they ordered Ma Zhi to enter in April of that year.In fact, Ma Zhi has already arrived at Tong Guan's house at this moment.After Emperor Huizong knew about it, he immediately received the person in Yanqing Hall.In this interview, Ma Zhi gave a comprehensive introduction to the crisis of the Liao Kingdom and the rise of the Jin Kingdom.A passage of his words was excerpted and introduced into the "History of the Song Dynasty" intact, and became a famous saying in the history of the relationship between Song, Liao and Jin: "The Liao Kingdom will perish. Your Majesty will remember the misery of the old people, restore China's former borders, condemn it on behalf of the heavens, and fight against chaos. Once the king's master comes out, he will welcome him with a pot of milk. If Jurchen succeeds, he will strike first and then control others. , nothing is wrong." 侔者, etc., Qi also, the same meaning.The last sentence means that things are different. The whole point of the matter is not that Ma Zhi did anything wrong.For the Great Song Empire, everything he did and said was completely correct.The problem is that he spoke the absolutely correct truth at the wrong time, in the wrong place, in the face of a wrong government and a group of wrong people in power.And so, the whole thing just kind of went wrong, naturally. Song Huizong deeply agreed with what Ma Zhi said.So he was immediately appointed as Secretary Cheng, given the country's surname Zhao, and changed his name to Zhao Liangsi.From then on, the Great Song Empire was about to make a move, and began to unite with Jin to destroy Liao and restore Yanyun. After the news came out, it was immediately met with double opposition from practical considerations and moral considerations. Yu Wenxuzhong, who was in charge of drafting the imperial edict, gave an excellent exposition.He said: "In the way of using troops, one must first consider the strengths and weaknesses, and know the enemy and the enemy, just in case. Now, when it comes to armament funds and reserves, the commander-in-chief of the main battle will say that there are more than enough, while the frontier states and counties The lack of finances and military supplies is ignored; if you talk about the strength of soldiers, the commander-in-chief will say that the soldiers are elite, but the state and counties of the border defenses will ignore the lack of military equipment. There are no offensive and defensive equipment on the border. There is only enough rations for a few days, even if Sun Wu is reborn, this battle will not be able to be fought." He believes that if a soldier who has been idle for a hundred years and a general who has been at ease for a long time, goes to compete with a new and hard-to-fight enemy in the forest of flesh and blood, I am afraid that China will be defeated. There is no peace in the frontier.This confidential secretary is indeed powerful. Everything he predicted was later fulfilled, and it was more than a million times more tragic than what he said. Tactically, he also opposed it.He gave a vivid example to illustrate: For example, a rich man lives next to a family of poor people, and he wants to annex the poor people and expand his family's territory.So he found a robber and said to him: Kill this poor boy, and he will give you half of his real estate, and all his property will belong to you.Even if it is all done, the neighbor is replaced by a robber who is always thinking about your property.From now on, can you still live your life?Judging from the later situation, he still estimated the robber too honestly. Morally, there are also many opposing voices.In the Chanyuan alliance, the two countries formed a brotherly state, no matter what, after all, they have lived in peace for more than a hundred years.The two sides come and go, and they are generally friendly.Nowadays, when someone’s house is on fire, as a neighbor, instead of helping to put out the fire, they take advantage of the fire to rob.How do you say this? Even Zhong Shidao, the former enemy commander-in-chief in the battle against the Liao Dynasty, held this view.This "Old Zhong Jinglue" was a well-known general of the "Zhong Clan" in the late Northern Song Dynasty. He has been in the army for generations and has great prestige in the military circle.He persuaded Tong Guan, saying: "What we are doing now is like robbers getting into a neighbor's house, not only refusing to rescue them, but taking advantage of the chaos to rob and distribute the spoils. This kind of thing is really unacceptable." Tong Guan was extremely annoyed when he heard this. .He played the emperor quietly and impeached the teacher.As a result, Prime Minister Wang Fu immediately issued an order to force Zhong Shidao to retire before the battle. Looking back today, there are many reasons that prompted the emperors and ministers of the Song Dynasty to play with fire.To sum up, the following three reasons played the main role: one is the long-cherished wish of the dynasty, the other is the sense of humiliation in reality, and the third is the mentality of taking advantage of the fire. The long-cherished wish of the dynasty, as we have already mentioned: Ever since Shi Jingtang offered the sixteen prefectures of Yanyun in exchange for the throne of the later Jin emperor, the Central Plains region has actually opened up and lost all military and strategic initiative.因此，赵宋立国以来，便一直图谋恢复，但是始终没能如愿。如果上天假以时日，以赵匡胤的雄才大略或许能够实现这个愿望。到赵光义时期，连续两次较量，都落得全军覆没的结果，致使宋朝上下普遍患上了“恐辽症”。加上太祖“杯酒释兵权”之后，宋朝渐渐形成以文制武的基本国策，于是，燕云恢复事实上变成了一个永远无法实现的帝国夙愿。 王安石变法图强的基本动机里面，就包含了实现这一夙愿的深层追求。所以，当国库相对充盈时，宋徽宗的父亲宋神宗就曾经放出狠话：若有人能够收复燕云地区，皇家将不吝惜册封此人为王。然而，在偃武修文的基本国策之下，北宋时期许多品行高洁、学术纯粹、德高望重之士，大多成了主和一派。那些试图用“主和”还是“主战”，来作为区分北宋时期好坏善恶标准的人，面临着永远无法自圆其说的尴尬。因此，事实上，没有人能够摘下这顶王冠。 此时此刻，仿佛天赐良机，使徽宗君臣这一帮根本不具备这种资格、又不自知的不入流角色们，怦然心动。特别是童贯，多年西北征战，虽然有重大谎报军情、损失惨重之情事，但毕竟还打了不少胜仗。因之，此时的他，已经极度膨胀。很有可能，他已经在恍惚之中，看到那顶王冠就在伸手可及之处，向世人展示着自己的辉煌灿烂，仿佛伸出手去，就能摘下来戴到自己的头上呢。 现实的屈辱感，也很容易理解： 臣子中支持联金灭辽的，很多人是出于每年五十万两、匹银绢的考虑。澶渊之盟，是在宋真宗军事上占据了较为有利地位的情况下签订的，其中仍然约定，大宋帝国每年要向大辽帝国输送白银若干万两，绢若干万匹，双方约为兄弟之国。其实，谁都知道，这就是一种变着说法的上贡，一种花钱买平安的没有办法的办法。后来经过变故，这笔钱固定为银绢五十万两匹，年年如此。就此，辽国至少在军事上，对大宋的确是不大放在眼里。对于从来都是以华夏正统、天朝上国自居的帝国君臣，其屈辱可以想见。 大家能够谋取心理平衡的理由是，五十万两匹银绢总比浩大的军备军费来得便宜。而且想想看，即便花费了这些军费，人们却既承担不起万一战败的罪责，又承担不起战胜后武将们功高盖主、尾大不掉的后果。不言而喻，这是以文制武基本国策必然的逻辑后果，是令大宋帝国君臣们相当痛苦的一个心结。 事实上，纵观大宋帝国三百一十九年的历程，不论是在此之前的北宋，还是在此之后的南宋，帝国君臣无时无刻不是在这屈辱与算计的两个极端中度过的。这一对儿可憎的双胞胎，先天不足，后天失调，顽劣乖张，丑陋狠毒，一点儿都不可爱，让生下他们的帝国君臣费尽心机，吃尽苦头，操透了心。显而易见，在帝国传统之下，这个方程事实上确实无解。因此，对于他们来说，与这么困难的问题比较起来，哈姆雷特“活着，还是死去”的念念叨叨，根本就是、简直就是、实在就是无病呻吟。 有一件事情，很可以说明上述困境： 位居太宰的郑居中，很反对这次决定。太宰，是一个古老的官名。早在殷商时代就已经设置，主管家务和家奴，类似王室大管家一类。西周后沿用，仍然负责皇室内外事务，并在皇帝的左右襄赞帝命，有点类似但高于后来的内务府大臣；只有到了宋徽宗时代的一段时间里，才将尚书左、右仆射改称为太宰、少宰，实际就是左、右宰相。郑居中责备蔡京：作为国家元老，却不守信用，制造事端。百余年来，边境宴然，兵不识刃，民不加役。此次，假如打败了，后果不堪设想，即使打胜了，也是蠹国害民之举。他侃侃而谈，蔡京却只用一句话，就把他憋了回去。蔡京不慌不忙地告诉他说：这是皇帝的意思。皇帝无法忍受以大宋之强大，每年还要交给辽国五十万两匹银绢。 郑居中立即无话可说。 此时，就连当初帮过蔡京大忙的、那位曾经为皇帝画《爱莫助之图》的邓洵武，也不赞成毁约出兵。这位当年的起居郎，如今早已不是那个跟在皇帝屁股后面做记录的书记官儿了，他现在的职位是知枢密院事，相当于主管全国军事工作的长官，已经属于国家重臣。他说得隐晦而又直截了当：国朝初年，以太宗之神武，赵普之谋略，曹彬、潘美的大将之才，征伐四方，百战百胜，却唯独于燕云毫无建树，今日哪里可以轻举妄动！“且百年盟誓，一朝弃之，诚恐兵举一动，中国昆虫草木，皆不得休息矣。” 他直截了当地反对出兵，曲折隐晦地否定了做这件事情的人。用今天的语言明确引申出他话中的意思，就是：事儿是件好事儿，能不能做好，要看在什么时候、由什么人去做；在眼下这个时候，由现在这帮人去做，中国就完蛋了。 徽宗皇帝还真听他的话，马上对蔡京说：“别做这事儿。祖宗誓盟，违之不祥。” 然而，天才艺术家宋徽宗的轻佻性格，不在这种时候发生作用，那就不是轻佻，他也就不是宋徽宗了。在这种时刻，抗拒诱惑，战胜自己的不正当欲望，清醒、理性、理智地判断形势，这对于轻佻是一种否定。只有真正的政治、军事天才才有可能做到。徽宗君臣中，没有这样的人物。而艺术天才不是干这种事儿的人。我们的皇帝是艺术天才。他没有这种意志、没有这种能力、可能也没有这种愿望进行这种否定。我们甚至从他即位之初的作为中，都能够看出，他所意气风发地作过的那些粲然可观的表示，都表达的是浪漫，而不是理性。他与理性无缘。他命中注定，上天生下他来，似乎就是要这位艺术天才，用自己的轻佻，来主演这场悲喜大剧。 在这个节骨眼上，可以肯定是那种趁火打劫的小人心态发生了作用，促使到目前为止，徽宗君臣滑着舞步来治理国家的轻歌舞喜剧，无可逆转地滑向悲剧，而且是中国历史上最大的悲剧。 从马植，现在叫赵良嗣的嘴里，徽宗君臣肯定已经了解到了，这些年来，发生在辽国国内的各种问题。事实上，此时大辽帝国的国政不修，和大宋帝国的君昏臣奸一样，的确是已经称得上一塌糊涂。只不过大宋帝国君臣不自知，而且自我感觉良好而已。其情形，恰好印证了民间那句俗话：乌鸦落在猪身上，只看见人家黑，看不见自己黑。 辽国是在中国境内建立政权时间最久的帝国之一，到目前为止，立国已经超过二百年。比灭掉它的大金帝国和与它对峙时间最久的北宋帝国的寿命都要长。假如我们可以把东、西汉与南、北宋，分别看成是两个不同朝代的话，那么，大辽帝国就是中国境内立国时间排在第四位的帝国，次于唐朝、明朝和清朝。 研究辽国历史的学者中，有一种见解认为：辽帝国的衰败是从辽道宗统治中后期开始的。这位辽道宗就是我们前面提到的那位特别倾慕中原文化，祈求佛祖保佑他下辈子托生为中国人的天祐皇帝。 天祐皇帝的汉语名字叫耶律洪基，是一位很聪明的皇帝，而且精通汉民族诗文典籍。他在位时间长达五十余年，是中国历史上在位时间最长的皇帝之一，肯定可以进入皇帝在位时间最长的前十位之列。登极之初，这位皇帝励精图治，而且相当有成效。不幸的是，在他的统治进入二十年的时候，开始江河日下。 或许是尊崇中原文化的缘故，他所犯的错误，和中国历史上那些宠信奸佞的昏皇帝们非常相像，只是这些奸佞们在帮助他犯错误的过程中，加进去了不少新鲜的创意，遂使整个事件具有了相当独到的地方。 公元1075年，是天祐皇帝执政的第二十个年头。这一年是宋神宗熙宁八年，辽道宗太康元年。这一年，他亲手制造了辽国历史上最大的一桩冤案，从此，注定了辽国步向衰亡的未来。 史书记载说，天祐皇帝的萧皇后容貌美艳无双，而且聪慧绝伦，工于诗词格律，擅长音乐，笃信佛教的一些辽国人感叹地认为，观世音也不过如此。于是，便别称她为萧观音。当时，辽国的一首歌谣里唱到：“玉饰头，金饰足，观音来做辽皇后。”美丽风雅的皇后深受臣民们爱戴。 可能和游牧民族的传统风俗有关，辽国历代皇帝都酷好打猎。有一次，萧观音跟随皇帝出去打猎，在伏虎林驻跸。当晚，举行盛大宴会，皇帝为了炫耀自己无比宠爱的皇后的才华，让她当场赋诗一首。皇后略一沉吟，随即朗声吟诵，诗曰：“威风万里压南邦，东去能翻鸭绿江。灵怪大千俱破胆，那教猛虎不投降。”据说，皇帝激赏不已，大臣们则欢声雷动。平心而论，这首诗无论从哪个角度看都算不上是首好诗，颇有点出自赳赳武夫之口的打油诗味道。与这位皇后后来写的一些诗词比起来，相差很远。不过，同样平心而论，在脱口而出的情况下，能到这种程度，似乎也足以显示这位皇后的修为与气势了。 辽国天下兵马大元帅是皇族中地位最尊崇的皇太叔耶律重元，他的萧氏妃子已过中年，渐入老境。此时，浓妆艳抹，风情万种，史称其“艳冶自衿”，大约是自我感觉极佳，喜欢卖弄风情吧。从现象上判断，这种表现可能是一种老之将至带来的心理调适失常。皇后颇不以为然，将这位王妃召到自己的座帐里，告诫她：身为皇家贵戚，不必如此。 王妃恼羞成怒，回来后，开始怂恿自己的丈夫与儿子夺取皇位。他的儿子爵封楚王，二十来岁便官拜南院枢密使，执掌军政重权。此时怦然心动，秘密联络了一批人，准备以父亲病重为名，骗皇帝前来探视，杀之，然后拥立父亲继皇帝位。应该说，他们策划得相当周密，然而在发动之时却全线崩溃。原因是，有一个重要参与者临阵倒戈、告密。 这位告密者名叫耶律乙辛，是一位牧民的儿子。据说，乙辛小时候放羊，在山坡上睡着了。他父亲把他叫醒。他抱怨父亲说：梦见有人送给他吃月亮和太阳，月亮已经吃完，太阳刚刚吃了一半，结果，被弄醒了，真可惜，很是懊丧。史书上记载说：此人风仪俊美，外表和善而内藏机关。为了皇帝，他甚至让自己的弟弟离婚，然后把弟媳献给皇帝。这样的人，没有理由得不到皇帝的宠爱。加上此次告密平叛大功，他被很快任命为北院枢密使，不久加封赵王，进魏王。从此，位极人臣。 皇帝喜欢游猎，乙辛便为皇帝多方搜求宝弓良驹，并终于觅得一匹全身雪白、电闪追风的宝马。皇帝极为喜爱，赐名电飞，从此，终日驰骋射猎，快乐无比。 此时，在两个方向上，同时飞来不祥的阴云： 一方面，皇后年届中年，色相渐衰。加上喜欢时不时地劝谏皇帝，导致皇帝嫌她唠叨，对她越来越疏远。另一方面，皇后所生的皇太子已经十六岁，被册封为燕赵国王，领南北枢密院事，成为乙辛的顶头上司。史书上认为，这位太子虽然年轻，却仁爱公正，用法严明，对乙辛多方裁抑。乙辛恐惧而且怨恨，开始设计除掉太子。 他是从皇后身上入手的。 当时，三十五岁的皇后已经时间越来越长地见不到皇帝，相当孤独寂寞。而且，一个普遍规律是，越是富有才情的人，这种孤寂越难排遣。于是，皇后写了一首词，词名《回心院》，让诸优伶弹唱，希望像卓文君挽回司马相如的心一样，挽回皇帝那颗飞流飘荡的心。这首词极尽缠绵悱恻地表达了对皇帝的爱意与期盼。据说，根据这首词谱的曲，弹奏难度颇高，众多优伶中，只有一位名叫赵惟一的伶官可以完美地演奏与表现。于是，这位赵惟一就被频繁地召到后宫，与皇后切磋弹奏。中国宫闱故事表明，但凡到了这种时候，距离漫天飞短流长和宫闱惨剧就不远了。 皇后宫中有一个侍女，素常伶俐乖巧，有一天，笑嘻嘻地拿了名曰《十香词》的十首春宫艳词给皇后看，并且告诉皇后，此词乃大宋皇后所制。皇后读得脸红心跳，却也津津有味。据说，皇后的评论是：写得好是好，只是太放浪了些，想不到宋朝皇后如此大胆，敢写这样的诗。这个侍女便请求皇后：既然是好诗，若蒙皇后抄写一份赏赐给自己，就成双绝了，胜过价值连城的双璧。皇后百无聊赖，就真的给她抄了一遍，并把自己所作的一首《怀古》诗也抄在了后面。诗曰：“宫中只数赵家妆，败雨残云误汉王。唯有知情一片月，曾窥飞燕入昭阳。” 不久，乙辛出面将这个侍女、她的丈夫和这些诗词交给了皇帝。告皇后与赵惟一淫乱后宫。皇后所写的诗被解释为想念情郎的藏字诗，原因是，诗中嵌有“赵惟一”三字。皇帝大怒，据说当场操起侍卫用的铁骨朵，击打到皇后的头上。第二个月，三十六岁的皇后被赐死。两年后，乙辛再次出手，帮助皇帝以图谋篡位的罪名，将时年二十岁的皇太子贬为庶人，囚居上京。不久，乙辛命人悄悄将废太子毒死。后来，皇帝发现了事情真相，处死乙辛及其同党，无奈大错已经铸成。 公元1101年，天祐皇帝病死。继承天祐皇位的，是已故废太子的儿子——比宋徽宗赵佶晚一点点登上帝位的辽国最后一位皇帝——天祚皇帝耶律延禧。 翻检史书，的确很难找到为这位天祚皇帝说好话的理由。如果一定要说他有什么优点的话，大约只能说他身体很好。这实在令人很无奈，却也实在真的是事实。 天祚皇帝的身体好，可能与他酷爱狩猎有关。游牧民族出身的皇帝喜欢打猎，是一个比较普遍的现象，可以理解。但是，能够喜欢到天祚皇帝这个分儿上的，却不算太多。假如有人希望对“离谱”、“过分”一类词汇增加一些感性知识的话，看看天祚皇帝是如何着迷于打猎的，可能会对此有所帮助。翻开史籍，关于这位皇帝，大量的记载都是：“猎于秋山”，“猎于斯那里山”，“猎南山”，“猎沙岭”等等。甚至就在金国已经打遍大半个辽国，遍地烽火，辽国军队溃不成军的时候，这种记载都一点不见减少。辽国首都临潢府被大金骑兵团团包围时，这位皇帝不是在调兵遣将保卫京城，而是骑着一匹宝马名驹，奔腾驰骋在皇家猎场里打猎。 如此热爱狩猎的一个人，他实在应该去做个专业猎手，而不是皇帝；就和大宋帝国的皇帝实在应该做个专业书画家，而不是皇帝一样。 值此女真崛起之际，上天几乎在同一时间安排这两位当上皇帝，就像专门为了让二位把各自的国家带进火坑，从而成全大金国似的。后来，公元1125年，天祚皇帝成为大金帝国的俘虏，徽宗皇帝也在同一年退位，将自己的儿子宋钦宗推出来顶雷。又过了三十一年，天祚皇帝与钦宗皇帝被大金帝国皇帝完颜亮，就是著名的海陵王，下令押解到燕京，共同囚禁在今天北京郊外的一座寺院里。一天，完颜亮命令两位皇帝俘虏，参加金国将领们举行的马球比赛。钦宗皇帝身体孱弱，患有严重的风疾，就是西医所说的高血压，又不善马术，从马上跌下来，被乱马铁蹄践踏而死；已经八十一岁高龄，却仍然体健如牛的天祚皇帝见势不好，策马狂奔，企图逃出重围，结果，被乱箭射死。这些虽然已是后话，却可以看出此人的身体好到了什么程度。 此时，徽宗君臣知道了辽国内政的种种弊端后，心中十分喜悦，于是又一次在国家根本的战略大计上，改变主意，决定出兵灭辽。我们知道，举凡小混混一流的角色，一般不大会去找那种目射精光、武艺高强的壮汉们耍威风。只有在面对孤儿寡女和老实人时，他们才特别不容易压住火气。平心而论，大宋帝国的皇帝和他的主要臣僚们，的确就是一群这样一流的角色。 促使皇帝作出如此重大改变的，是时任宰相王黼。 史籍记载，这位王黼风姿俊美，目睛如金，口才极佳，且善解人意。他讨皇帝喜欢的方式和蔡攸、李邦彦大致差不多，乍一看起来相当有创意。比如，李邦彦被时人称为“浪子宰相”，自称要赏尽天下花，踢尽天下球，做尽天下官。一次，宫内秘戏取乐，我们这位宰相夹杂在倡优侏儒之中，突然将身上的衣服全部脱光，露出涂满斑驳花纹的身体，满口呢喃着淫秽之语，立刻引起满场大哗。徽宗皇帝跳起来，举着一根木棍满场追着打他，他逃到廊下，攀到梁柱上不肯下来，口中用娇嗲的声音求饶。皇帝笑得打跌，命宦官传宣圣旨说：“可以下来了。”他呢喃着说：“黄莺偷眼觑，不敢下枝来”，方才从梁柱上下来。王黼、蔡攸几位和这位浪子宰相差不多，都曾经以相同或类似的方式令皇帝龙心大悦。由此，说当时帝国的宰相形同跳梁小丑，应该不算过分。不过，大宋帝国的元首显然不这样看，徽宗皇帝亲笔为王黼宅第题名曰：“得贤治定”。可见，在皇帝眼中，王黼乃太公望、诸葛孔明一流的人物。为此，王黼曾经创下过一项大宋帝国的记录：自通议大夫到少宰即右宰相——第二宰相，中间隔了八级，王黼是一步跳上去的，开创了大宋历史上从未有过的先例。 王黼宰相的各类事迹颇多，很难一一梳理介绍。此时，他坚定地主张对辽开战，则很有可能与他本人的一个远大志向有关。据说，有一天他到相国寺上香，看到一篇文字下面题着太师、鲁国公蔡京的大名，王黼艳羡已极，连连感叹：“真是想都想不到，蔡元长居然有这么一堆偌大的官职！”从此，与蔡京的地位相差太远，成为王黼宰相的莫大耻辱与追求进步的绝大动力。 这时，有人向宰相进言：如果宰相能够做成一件大事，就不难达到老太师的地位。什么大事呢？就是联金灭辽，收复燕云。而辽国国政不修，在金国的打击之下，如枯木朽株，不堪一击。大丈夫建功立业加官晋爵，正当此时。王黼一听之下，深以为然。 本来，此时徽宗皇帝已经决定不做这件违背祖宗誓约的不祥之事了，王黼却适时地挺身而出，侃侃而谈。He said: 中国与辽国，虽然是兄弟之邦，但是，百年以来，他们时不时地轻慢我国。实在可恨。何况“兼弱攻昧，武之善经也”，现在不趁机夺回燕云，等到女真强大起来，中原故地恐怕永远拿不回来了。“兼弱攻昧，武之善经也”一句，可能特别能打动皇帝。意思是，兼并弱小，攻取昏聩，是古往今来最好的道路了。皇帝立即回心转意，决定就这么干了。于是，下令在枢密院之外，再成立一个经抚房，由宰相王黼直接领导，作为国家最高机构，专门处理联金灭辽复燕这件大事。 王黼还真是不含糊。为了解决出兵的经费问题，这位宰相下令：全国每户人家按人口出钱，以助军费。结果居然一下子敛来六千二百万缗钱。这可不是一笔小钱，差不多相当于当时全国一年的财政收入。也就是说，除了其他捐税之外，还要另外一次性地在民间摊派如此巨大的一笔费用。 我们知道，北宋时期的税收本来在历史上已经属于最高的一个朝代了，加上扰攘不休的花石纲，现在再收上来这么大一笔钱，相当不容易。对于一个普通农民家庭来说，我们找不到确切的数字说明其概念，如果打比方的话，大约相当于：一个五口人的家庭，每年全家所有的收入为六千元钱，他可能需要交一千元的税金，然后，再交一千元钱的军费。假如宰相们没有足够硬的心肠，可能很难下得去手。真正称得上是杀鸡取卵竭泽而渔，老百姓被搜刮的痛苦可以想见。 《宋史》记载了这位宰相差不多与此同时的另一次征集摊派。这次征集摊派是以修黄河为名义的，举凡得钱一千七百余万缗。经过如此几次，“河北群盗因是大起。”由此，我们可以知道为什么会产生那么多梁山好汉了。事实上，聚集到梁山泊的好汉只是其中很少一部分。当时，史书上有记载的几千人、万人以上的农民暴动，可能就有近十起。方腊起义也在此期间爆发。 据说，徽宗皇帝对于王黼宰相居然能够一下子弄来这么多钱，极感惊