Chapter 43 1960s BC (40-31 BC)
)Establish.
1. In spring, in February, the government of the Western Han Dynasty (capital Chang'an) pardoned the world.
2. In March, Emperor of the Western Han Dynasty (the eleventh Emperor of the Yuan Dynasty) Liu Shi (36 years old this year) went to Yong County (Fengxiang County, Shaanxi Province) to offer sacrifices to Emperor Five Colors.
3. In summer, on June 26, the east gate of the cemetery (Du Ling) of the tenth emperor (Xuandi) Liu Bingji (Liu Shi's father) caught fire.
4. On June 30, a solar eclipse.Therefore, Liu Xi summoned officials who insisted that the catastrophic changes were all for Zhou Kan and Zhang Meng (Shi Xian, the chief administrative officer of the court, and Xu Shi, the royal relatives. Refer to the first four or three years), and asked them to explain that the imperial family group I can only bow my head and plead guilty.Therefore, Liu Shi issued an edict to praise Zhou Kan and Zhang Meng, and transferred them back to the capital Chang'an.Appoint Zhou Kan as a special-level state official (Doctor Guanglu), with the highest salary at the ministerial level (two thousand shi in the middle. The special-level state official was originally "bier two thousand shi"), and in charge of court secrets (collaborating with ministers).Appoint Zhang Mengzhong as a senior state official (Dazhong doctor) and also as an imperial supervisor (Give Shizhong).At this time, Shi Xian, the chief administrative officer of the palace, was also in charge of the Palace Secretariat (Shangshu), and there were five secretaries (Shangshu) (Shi Xian, Laoliang, Wulu Chongzong, Yijia, and Chen Shun), all of whom were Shi Xian's best friends.Although Zhou Kan's official position was higher than that of the secretary, it was difficult for him to see the emperor. Although he was in charge of confidential matters (responsibility), he had to ask Shi Xian to convey any suggestions, and the situation was completely controlled by Shi Xian.It just so happened that Zhou Kan suffered from aphonia, was unable to speak, and died.Zhang Meng was completely isolated, and Shi Xian took advantage of the situation to frame him.Forced Zhang Meng to commit suicide in the reception room (bus) of Simamen.
5. At the beginning, Gongyu Shangshu said: "The sacrificial temples of Emperor Xiaohui (the second emperor Liu Ying) and Xiaojing Emperor (the sixth emperor Liu Qi) should be removed because the family affection has been exhausted (Gongyu pointed out: the emperor can only Set up seven sacrificial temples, and all other sacrificial temples that do not belong to these seven sacrificial temples must be dismantled), and the royal sacrificial temples set up in various counties and feudal states are not in accordance with ancient regulations, and should also be dismantled.” (Liu Yingzun, elder The temple of his father Liu Bang is "Taizu Temple", and the temple of Liu Qizun's father Liu Heng is "Taizong Temple". Liu Bing has respected the temple of his great-grandfather Liu Che as "Sejong Temple". , all set up sacrificial offerings.) Liu Shi thought it was reasonable.
In autumn, on July 10th, Liu Shi issued an edict to remove the cemetery after Zhaoling (Liu Bang's mother Wang Han began. "Hanyi Note" records: Wang Han died in Xiaohuang when Liu Bang rebelled against the Qin Dynasty, and later Yu Xiaohuang built a sacrificial temple. The cemetery of the only Taishang Emperor Liu Zhijia is also known as the common cemetery of Liu Zhijia and Wang Hanshi. Therefore, this "Taishang Emperor's Tomb" does not necessarily bury Wang Hanshi's body, but only formally bury Liu Zhijia) , King Wuai's Cemetery (Liu Bang's elder brother. The current location of the cemetery is unknown), Zhao'ai Empress' Cemetery (Liu Bang's sister. The current location of the cemetery is unknown), Wei Sihou's Cemetery (Liu Che's Queen Wei Zifu, Liu Shi Sihou Garden is located one kilometer west of Yuxiang Gate in Xi’an City, Shaanxi Province today), Prince Li’s Cemetery (Liu Ju, the great-grandfather of the current emperor Liu Shuang), Li Empress’ Cemetery (Liu Ju’s wife Shi Liangdi, the current emperor) The great-grandmother of Emperor Liu Shuang. Liu Ju was in Hu County when he died, and the tomb should also be there. But after Liu Bing became emperor, another "Bowang Garden" was built in the south of Chang'an City, near Wei Zifu's cemetery, for Liu Ju The cemetery of Shi Liangdi and his wife Shi Liangdi. Shi Liangdi died of the scourge of Chang'an witchcraft, and his body was buried in the south of Chang'an City. Buried in Hu County. Therefore, Bowang Garden is only a symbolic cemetery), and the sacrificial officials and guardians were dismissed.
In winter, on October 19th, the royal sacrificial temples set up in various counties and feudal states were demolished.
Bo Yang said:
The waste of a living king is certainly a heavy burden for the people; the waste of a dead king is not an easy burden for the people.When Liu Xun was in power, there were as many as 167 royal temples scattered in various counties and feudal states, and there were as many as 24,455 sacrificial ceremonies every year.There are as many as 45,129 guards guarding the temple and the cemetery.As for the sacrificial officials, bands, and cooks, there were 12,147 people.The servants who feed and supply livestock for slaughter are not included.These huge and boring expenses are all people's tax money—some of them are even the tears money of prostitution.Once Liu Xi removes them, it can be said to be very happy.
6. Liu Shi issued an edict: The emperor's cemetery, each according to its location, is allocated to Sanfu for management. (The tombs of the dead emperors and the county towns based on these tombs have always been directly managed by the Ministry of Sacrifice, and are now handed over to the local government. Three auxiliary: capital Chang'an, West Chang'an, North Chang'an)
Liu Shi pre-built a tomb in the Shouling Pavilion area (7 kilometers northeast of Xianyang City) in Weicheng (Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province), and ordered it not to be developed into a county, and not to force the counties and feudal states to immigrate there.
1. In spring, the first month, the emperor of the Western Han Dynasty (capital Chang'an) (the eleventh Yuan Emperor) Liu Shi (37 years old this year) went to Ganquan (northwest of Chunhua County, Shaanxi Province) to worship the gods.
In March, go to Hedong County (Xia County, Shanxi Province) to worship the God of Houtu.
2. Floods in Yingchuan County (Yuzhou City, Henan Province) in autumn, drowning civilians.
3. In winter, Liu Xun went to Changyang Palace (in Zhouzhi County, Shaanxi Province) to shoot bears, hunting wildly.
4. On December 16, Liu Xun adopted the suggestions of Prime Minister Wei Xuancheng and others, and issued an edict to remove the sacrificial temple and cemetery (7 kilometers southwest of Fuping County, Shaanxi Province) of the Supreme Emperor Liu Zhijia (the father of the first emperor Liu Bang), and the second emperor Liu Zhijia. Yingying Temple and Cemetery (Anling. Wei Xuancheng and others wrote a letter saying: "The temple of the ancestors will not be destroyed forever. However, the temples under the ancestors should only be kept for the fifth generation, and the rest should be gradually eliminated. Taishanghuang, Xiaohui Emperor, the family affection is exhausted, and the sacrificial temple should be dismantled.")
5. Liu Shi is very fond of the Confucian system of laws and regulations, and also loves literature.There have been many changes to the laws and regulations of the time of the father Liu Bingji (the tenth Emperor Xuan).Most of those who made suggestions and contributed strategies were summoned, and everyone believed that the emperor had made a deep impression on them.At this time, Fu Zhaoyi and her son Liu Kang, the king of Jiyang (the capital of Chenliu), were being favored by Liu Xi, surpassing the queen Wang Zhengjun and the crown prince Liu Ao. (Compiled by the concubine group of the court of the Western Han Dynasty, Liu Che, the seventh emperor, was greatly expanded. Liu Shi made a second expansion: the first level "Zhaoyi", the position is better than the prime minister, and the rank is better than the prince. The second level "Jieyu", the position is more important To be a minister, the Jue is better than the Marquis. The third level is "姪'e", the position is two thousand stones higher than the middle, and the noble is better than the Marquis of Guannei. The fourth level is "Ronghua", the position is two thousand stones higher than the real one, and the Jue is better than the Dashangzao. The fifth level is "full "clothes", the rank is higher than two thousand stones, and the rank is higher than that of the few. The sixth rank of "beauty" is higher than the rank of a thousand stones, and the rank is higher than that of the middle. "The position is higher than eight hundred stones, and the rank is higher than that of the right concubine. The ninth rank of "seven sons" is higher than eight hundred stones, and the rank is higher than that of the left concubine. The eleventh-level "Minor Envoy" is worth four hundred stones, and the noble is compared to the public. There is no title below: the twelve-level "five senses" is worth three hundred stones. The thirteenth-level "Shunchang" is worth two hundred stones. The fourteenth-level "Wujuan", "Gonghe", "Yuling", "Baolin", "Liang Di" and "Ye Zhe" all compare with Baishi. The fifteenth-level "Shangjiazi" and "Zhongjiazi" all compare with each other Fighting food. During the time of Liu Bang, the highest level was "Madam". During the time of Liu Che, the highest level was "Jieyu". Liu Shuang set up "Zhaoyi" as the first level above "Jieyu", while " Jieyu" was pressed to the second level. In Liu Bang's time, there were only seven levels of concubine wives. In Liu Che's time, it was increased to ten levels. In Liu Shi, it was increased to fifteen levels. In the fourteenth level, six levels were included. The fifteenth level Within, including two levels, it actually reached as many as 21 levels. In order to save money, Liu Shuang even removed the temple cemetery of the Supreme Emperor Liu Zhijia and his great-grandfather Liu Ju, but diverted the funds to expand the concubine group.)
The prince's teacher (Prince Shaofu) Kuang Heng wrote:
"I once heard that the chance of ordering chaos and safety lies in whether the leader has his heart. The king who accepts God's will will do his best to create a great cause and pass on his throne endlessly. And the successor king will wholeheartedly inherit the kindness and meritorious deeds of his ancestors In the past, after Ji Song (the second king of the Zhou Dynasty) inherited the throne, he recalled the success paths of his grandfather Ji Chang (text) and his father Ji Fa (the first king of the Zhou Dynasty) in order to cultivate his own character and put the beautiful His reputation and glory belong to his grandfather and father, but he does not dare to take credit for himself. Therefore, God gladly accepts his sacrifice, and even the ghosts and gods bless him. Your majesty’s sage’s kindness covers the earth like the sky, and loves the whole country like his sons and daughters. People. But yin and yang cannot be reconciled, and evil cannot be prohibited. It may be that your officials cannot carry forward the great achievements of the ancestors of the past generations. Instead, they scramble to criticize the past laws and regulations, thinking that they should be invalidated. You are dedicated to everything To change, however, after many things have been changed, they cannot be implemented, and have to be restored to the original state. As a result, people in lower positions attack each other, cannot distinguish right from wrong, and officials and people cannot follow.
"I used to hate in my heart that the country actually abandoned the effective system and turned into chaos and chaos. I hope that your majesty will look back on the grand achievements of the past, pay attention to abide by the legal system of the late emperor, and carry forward the fame of the late emperor, so as to stabilize his officials. "Book of Songs Daya said: "Remember your ancestors/inherit and carry forward their kindness." Endowment is the foundation. "Shi Zhuan" said: "Know what you like and what you hate? Everything is reasonable, and the way of the sage king is like this." Exercise wisdom Method, you must first know your own strengths, and try your best to make up for your shortcomings. A smart and understanding person should be vigilant and cannot forgive others. A person with little knowledge should be vigilant against narrow vision and being deceived. A strong and upright person should be vigilant Violent temperament, can't tolerate mistakes. Gentle and honest people, should be vigilant and hard to make up their minds, can't make a quick decision. Calm and quiet people, should be wary of becoming cowards, unable to grasp good opportunities. Broad-minded people, should be wary of negligence and carelessness. You must know yourself What kind of type is it, and always warn yourself, correct yourself, and then you can have the right direction. Those hypocritical, clever and well-behaved people can't form cliques and crowd the government. Your Majesty, please check yourself in detail, so that His majesty's grand kindness is even more respected.
"I have also heard that if the family is peaceful and harmonious, the world will be governed naturally. So the beginning is "Guofeng" (customs and habits of closing the country), and the beginning of "Book of Rites" talks about crown ceremonies and weddings. Start with "Guofeng", To reveal the true feelings and show the relationship between human beings. Beginning with the crown ceremony and wedding ceremony, it lays the foundation for a peaceful family. Therefore, a wise king must be very cautious in dealing with the relationship between the queen and concubines (little wives), and more We should pay attention to the distinction between "concubine" and "concubine", and bring etiquette into the normal track. The humble cannot surpass the noble, and the newcomers cannot surpass the old. This must be done in order to conform to human nature and Yin and Yang.
"The first son is honorable, the second son is humble. When the first son becomes an adult, when the crowning ceremony is held on a high platform, sweet wine is used to bless. The other sons do not use this ceremony. , not just a superficial article. Although it is so grand, people still wait and see, so the meaning of etiquette is to present the true feelings in the heart. Every move of the saint, even with the closest and favorite people, feasting and entertaining together , but also to make the big and small, the honorable and the humble, all in a certain order. In this way, the people of the whole country will naturally follow suit, and the society will be in order. If you should be close, you will be distant, and you should be respected, but you will be placed in a lowly position. Well-behaved evil people will take the opportunity to provoke and cause chaos in the country. Therefore, the sage is cautious, unwilling to have a bad beginning, and carefully guards against evil results. Never harm the principles of righteousness because of personal preferences. Ancient books say:' When the family is upright, the world will be stable.’ That’s exactly what it is.”
6. At the beginning, Liu Che (the seventh Emperor Wu) breached the "Huzikou" (Huzidi) of the Yellow River, which had been flooded for more than 20 years, and blocked Helong (refer to 109 years ago).Later, the Yellow River broke through again in Guantao County in the north (Guantao County, Hebei Province), and the flood surged to the northeast and flowed into the Bohai Sea (via the northern border of Cangzhou City, Hebei Province). A new river channel was rushed out, named Tunshi River, and the breach was no longer blocked. (The lower reaches of the Yellow River, because the river bed can't hold the river water from the upper reaches, and the river water can't vent, it often breaks through the embankment, rushes to the southeast, and invades the Sishui and Huai Rivers. Now there is an extra Tunshi River in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, and the diversion effect has increased. The amount of drainage in the downstream is greatly reduced due to the lack of drainage in the upstream, and the disaster of embankment burst due to rising water levels; the Huaihe River and Sishui River are also protected from the invasion of the Yellow River.)
This year, the Yellow River once again burst through Mingdu Dike (east of Ling County) in Lingxian County (south of Gaotang County, Shandong Province), which belongs to Qinghe County (Qinghe County, Hebei Province), and the Tunshi River lost water and gradually dried up. (This time, a Mingdu River rushed out of the breach, diverting the water that originally flowed to the Tunshi River, and the water volume of the Tunshi River gradually decreased.)
1. In spring, on the twenty-eighth day of the first lunar month, a meteorite fell in the state of Liang (Suiyang, the capital).
2. In March, the emperor of the Western Han Dynasty (capital Chang'an) (the eleventh Yuan Emperor) Liu Shi (38 years old this year) went to Yong County (Fengxiang County, Shaanxi Province) to offer sacrifices to the Five Color Emperor.
3. In winter, Liu Yuan, the king of Hejian (the capital of Lecheng), was accused of killing innocent civilians indiscriminately, revoked his title, and demoted Fangling (Fang County, Hubei Province. Liu Yuan sent the deceased Guangling King Liu Xu, Liu Xu, and Prince Liu Xu Ba's concubine Ji, and Zhongshan King Liu Xun's concubine Lian, etc., took him as his concubine. In terms of seniority, Liu Xu is Liu Yuan's great-grandfather, Liu Ba is Liu Yuan's great-grandfather, and Liu Xun is the same as Liu Yuan. Brother. In the first 52 years, he was impeached by Zhang Chang, the governor of Jizhou, and handed over to the Ministry of Justice for investigation. He ordered the arrest of Lian and others. Liu Yuan was in a hurry and forced Lian and other seven beauties to commit suicide. The competent authority ordered Liu Yuan to be executed. Only 11,000 households in the two counties were destroyed by edict. Later, Liu Yuan lost his temper at Liu Gui, one of his concubines, the "little envoy". Liugui's mother was demoted this year. A few years later, Liu Yuan was accused of abusing his wife Ruo, beating her with a stick and forcing her to shave her head. The governor of Hanzhong demanded punishment, and Liu Yuan happened to died of illness.)
4. Remove the cemetery of Empress Dowager Bo, mother-in-law of Liu Heng (the fifth Wendi Emperor) (Nanling·Northwest of Dizhai Township, Southeast of Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province.)
5. Liu Shi went to the Tiger Garden to watch the wild beasts fight, and all the young wives were present to accompany him.Unexpectedly, a wild bear suddenly jumped out of the circle, its front paws clung to the fence, and it was about to climb up.The nobles and concubines around Liu Shi, including Fu Jieyu, all ran for their lives in panic, but Feng Jieyu walked up to the wild bear resolutely.And at this moment, the guards had killed it.After the initial shock, Liu Shi asked Feng Jieyu: "Everyone is afraid, why did you run up to block its path?" Feng Jieyu said: "When the beast is fierce, it will stop attacking as long as it catches a person. I'm afraid it's going straight to your seat, and I'm willing to bear it with my body." Liu Xi sighed gratefully and respected him even more.But Fu Jieyu was ashamed and hated Feng Jieyu to the bone (Thirty years later, Fu Jieyu finally took revenge and framed Feng Jieyu, refer to the previous six years).Feng Jieyu is the daughter of General Zuo Feng Fengshi.
1. In spring, the first month, the emperor of the Western Han Dynasty (capital Chang'an) (the eleventh Yuan emperor) Liu Shi (39 years old this year) went to Ganquan (northwest of Chunhua County, Shaanxi Province) to worship the gods.
2. In March, go to Hedong County (Xia County, Shanxi Province) to worship the God of Houtu.
Summer, April, forgive the world.
3. In June, Liu Xun named the prince Liu Xing as the king of Xindu (the capital of Xindu).
4. Jingfang, a native of Dongjun (southwest of Puyang City, Henan Province), studied under Jiao Yanshou, a native of Liang Guo (Suiyang, the capital).Jiao Yanshou often said: "The one who gets my knowledge and loses his life is Jingfang." Jingfang can calculate natural and man-made disasters from the above.It is divided into sixty hexagrams, and the designated dates are alternately alternated. The wind, rain, cold and heat are used as verification, and they are all accurate.The skill of Jingfang is very profound, and was recommended by the local government of his hometown (Dunqiu) as "Xiaolian" (Xiaolian is the lowest level of title in the civil service system. Under normal circumstances, folk intellectuals can pass the examination or recommendation. Step into this lowest level. Only by obtaining the title of "Xiaolian" can one be qualified as a civil servant).Afterwards, he worked as a court guard (Lang) in the central government, and wrote letters to Liu Shi many times, discussing the variation of celestial phenomena, which was quite effective.Liu Shi was very appreciative and kept summoning him to ask him questions.Jingfang replied: "In ancient times, the emperors selected talents from their merits, and everything was successful, and auspiciousness appeared. In modern times, the appointment of officials depends entirely on the praise or slander he receives as the standard, so political corruption is constantly changing. It is best to Only by inspecting the administrative efficiency and work performance of civil and military officials will the changes stop."
Liu Xun ordered Jingfang to be in charge of this matter, and Jingfang drafted the "Regulations on Performance Evaluation" (the Law on Homework Officials) and reported it.Liu Xun held a seminar in the greenhouse hall in the front hall of Weiyang Palace, attended by Jing Fang and ministerial officials.Everyone thinks that Jingfang's method is too trivial, making superiors and subordinates supervise and investigate each other, so it cannot be implemented.But Liu Shi was quite tempted. At that time, it happened that the supervisors (inspectors) of each state made a routine report to the central government and concentrated in the capital Chang'an.Liu Xun summoned them and ordered Jingfang to announce to them the implementation details of the "Regulations on Performance Appraisal", which the supervisors also thought could not be implemented.Only Zheng Hong, the chief inspector (doctor Yushi), and Zhou Kan, a special state official (doctor Guanglu), also opposed it at the beginning, and turned to support it later.
At this time, Shi Xian, the chief administrative officer of the court (Zhongshu Ling), was in charge of the central government.Shi Xian's good friend, Wulu Chongzong, is the secretary-general of the court (Shang Shuling), and the two work closely together, and their power is at home and abroad.Once, when Liu Xun was having a banquet in his spare time, Jingfang met Liu Xun and asked Liu Xun, "Ji Gongni (the twelfth King You of the Zhou Dynasty) and Ji Hu (the tenth King Li of the Zhou Dynasty), why did you put How bad is the country? Who are they appointing?" Liu Shi said, "The king is fatuous, and the ones he appoints are traitors." Jingfang said, "Does the king know the traitors and still use them? Or does he only use them because he thinks they are talented? " Liu Shi said: "Of course I think they are talented." Jingfang said: "But why do we say they are treacherous?" It is clear." Jing Fang said: "If this is the case, it is certain that when the wise are appointed, the country will be governed; when the treacherous are appointed, the country will be chaotic. Since the principle is so simple and clear, why did Ji Gongni and Ji Hu not appoint the wise? But he appointed traitors, so that he got into the embarrassment later?" Liu Xi said: "Kings in troubled times think that the officials they appoint are all virtuous. If they can all realize their mistakes, wouldn't they all become wise leaders? Why are there still kings who have subjugated the country?" Jing Fang said: "Jiang Xiaobai (the sixteenth monarch of Qi State Huan Gong) and Ying Huhai (the second emperor of the Qin Dynasty) also know the stories of Ji Gongni and Ji Hu, and even laughed at them However, Jiang Xiaobai used Shu Diao, and Ying Huhai used Zhao Gao, so that the whole country was in chaos, and thieves and robbers were everywhere. Why can't we use Ji Gongni and Ji Hu as a mirror and realize that it is improper to employ people?" Liu Shi said: "Only a highly intelligent king can learn the lessons of history."
Jing Fang took off his official hat, kowtowed and said: "The book "Spring and Autumn" records the catastrophe of the 242 years of heaven and earth, which is used to warn future kings. Since your Majesty ascended the throne, solar eclipses, lunar eclipses, and stars have reversed and overlapped each other. Landslides and springs, earth quakes, meteorites falling from the sky; frost in summer, thunder in winter, flowers withering in spring, luxuriant leaves in autumn, heavy frost can not kill insects; The streets are full of people. The natural disasters and man-made disasters recorded in "Spring and Autumn" are all available now. Your Majesty, do you think the current world is governed? Or is it a chaotic world?" Liu Shi said: "Of course it is a chaotic world, and it is extremely chaotic. What do you need to ask? " Jing Fang said: "So, who are the people appointed by Your Majesty?" Liu Shi said: "Fortunately, fortunately, they are better than the previous generation. Moreover, the responsibility is not on them." Jing Fang said: "In the previous life Those kings also think in the same way. I am afraid that future generations will look at modern times as modern people look at ancient times." Liu Xi thought for a while and said, "Who is disrupting the country in modern times?" Jing Fang said: "Your Majesty is wise, I will know." Liu Shi said: "How would I know? If I knew, would I still use him?" Jing Fang said: "Your Majesty trusts him the most. He discusses state affairs with him in the secret room and holds the authority of employing people." People, it should be him." Jingfang was clearly accusing Shi Xian, Liu Shi finally realized it, and said to Jingfang: "I understand." Jingfang resigned.However, Liu Shi trusted Shi Xian as before.
Sima Guang said:
If the king's wisdom is not enough, the ministers' efforts to be loyal will be in vain.Observing Jingfang's gradual induction of Liu Shi was painstaking.It is a tragedy that Liu Shi still can't absorb and digest the truth when he explained it thoroughly.Said: "Not only told him to his face / but also told him by his ear / not only told him by his ear / but also presented him with the facts." He also said: "Those who persuade are earnest / those who obey are deaf. "It refers to Liu Xizhe flow.
5. Liu Shi ordered Jingfang to recommend him among the students who understand the "Performance Appraisal Regulations" and have administrative experience, and plan to try it out.Jingfang recommended the royal guards (Zhong Lang) Ren Liang and Yao Ping.Suggestion: "Appoint them as state supervisors, and first establish a performance appraisal system in each state. Please allow me to stay in the central government and pass on their memorials, so as not to be blocked by others." However, Shi Xian and Wulu Chong Zong has regarded Jingfang as his mortal enemy, and is determined to keep Jingfang away from the wand of power so that he can eradicate it.So he suggested to Liu Shi that Jingfang should be appointed as the county magistrate.Liu Shi then appointed Jingfang as the prefect (prefect) of Jingfang Dangwei County (Southwest Ye Town, Linzhang County, Hebei Province) to experiment with the performance appraisal plan.
Jingfang could not refuse, so he had to ask: "At the end of the year, please allow me to take the government stagecoach to the capital Chang'an and report to your Majesty." The county chief is the head of the local government, and he is not allowed to leave his post without approval. Jingfang is afraid that Shi Xian and others will cut off the channel between him and the emperor, so he made this request).Jingfang knew that he had fallen into the mouth of the sharks, and he had a grudge with Shi Xian, and he didn't want to stay away from the emperor.Therefore, I submitted the "Secret Notes" (Secrets): "As soon as I leave the capital (the capital Chang'an), I am afraid that the officials in power will start, die and fail. Therefore, I hope that at the end of the year, I can take the government stagecoach Fortunately, His Majesty promised. However, on June 20, the clouds and winds rose again, and the sun's rays dimmed, showing that senior officials covered the emperor, and the emperor was suspicious. June 18, 10 Within nine days, the powerful and powerful will be divorced, and my promise to take the government stagecoach will be revoked." ("Hanshu Jingfang Biography" records: Jingfang was appointed as the county magistrate of Weijun on the "Jimao" day, but the The month of appointment and the month of submitting this memorial were recorded as February. The editors obviously believed that the "Hanshu" was wrong, so they recorded the incident in June, and the whole thing became smooth and reasonable. After being appointed as the county governor on the 18th of the month, he immediately wrote a secret performance to warn Liu Shi in the name of predicting the weather for the next two days.)
Before Jingfang set off, Liu Xun ordered Yangping Hou Wangfeng (the younger brother of the Queen Wang Zhengjun) to inform Jingfang, and he really revoked Jingfang's promise to return to Beijing to see the emperor by stagecoach at the end of the year.Jing Fang was terrified to find that he was facing a critical moment of life and death.
In autumn, I set off from Jingfang and walked to Xinfeng (northeast of Lintong County, Shaanxi Province), entrusted the government messenger, and then went to the "Secret Revelation": "I wrote to Your Majesty in June, pointing out that the 'Dun Gua' was wrong. I I think: "People who practice Taoism leave, the weather is cold, and floods gushes out, causing disasters." In July, as expected, floods gushed out. My student Yao Ping told me: "You can say that you have insight into the mysteries of heaven and earth, but you can't Don't believe too much in the truth. None of the natural and man-made disasters you predicted will come true. Now that the flood has gushed out, wouldn't it be true that people with good morals will be exiled and die outside? What else can we say? I said: "The emperor is very benevolent and loving, and he is especially generous to me. Even if I die because of speaking, I still want to speak." Yao Ping said: "Your words are only small loyalty, not great loyalty. In the past, Qin During the dynasty, when Zhao Gao was in power, a man named Zhengxian was executed for ridiculing Zhao Gao. Zhao Gao's power rose from then on, so the decline of the Qin Dynasty was accelerated by Zhengxian.'Now, I leave the capital , to serve as the county magistrate, and volunteer to serve with all my strength, I am afraid that I will be killed before I start. I only ask Your Majesty not to make me fulfill the prophecy of the flood, play the role of the leader, and let Yao Ping be a joke."
Jingfang went to Shan County (Sanmenxia City, Henan Province), and then went to the "Qin Qi Mi Zuo": "I recommended Ren Liang to be in charge of the official performance appraisal system, so that I can stay in the central government. Senior officials said that doing so is not good for me , and it is impossible for the government to be isolated and deceived. It is agreed that: "It is better for the master to preside over it than the students." Governor of the state, maybe the county chief is unwilling to cooperate, so it is better to be the county chief. The purpose is to isolate us monarchs and ministers, so that I cannot meet your majesty. Your majesty ignores their intentions and accepts their suggestions. This is why the cloud and the wind The reason why the sun loses its brilliance is why the sun loses its light. The farther I am from the capital Chang'an, the darker the gray color of the sun. I hope that your majesty will not forget to call me back to the capital, and easily violate the will of heaven. Evil conspiracy, although people don't realize it, God will have it Response. You can deceive people, but you can’t deceive the sky, please examine it carefully, Your Majesty."
More than a month later, Liu Shi ordered Jingfang to be arrested and taken back to Chang'an Prison in the capital for interrogation.
It turned out that Zhang Bo, the uncle of Liu Qin (Liu Shi's younger brother) of Huaiyang (Xian) King (the capital of Chen County), was a smart and dangerous man. Conscript Liu Qin into the court.Zhang Bo studied with Jingfang and married his daughter to Jingfang.Every time Jing Fang met with him, after returning home, he often told his father-in-law what he had asked and answered with Emperor Liu Xi.Zhang Bo then secretly wrote down Jingfang's confidential words, and asked Jingfang to make a memorial requesting to enter the court on Liu Qin's behalf.And send these secret language records, along with the draft of the memorial, to Liu Qin for review, as proof of his work.Shixian got the information and accused: "Jingfang conspired with Zhang Bo, slandered the government, blamed the crime on His Majesty, and deceived the prince." Jingfang and Zhang Bo were imprisoned at the same time. frontier fortress.Zheng Hong, the chief inspector (censor doctor), was accused of being friends with Jing Fang, dismissed from his post, and demoted to a commoner.
6. Chen Xian, chief inspector (Censor Zhongcheng), constantly criticized Shi Xian.Later, he was accused of being friends with Zhu Yun, the magistrate of Huaili (Xingping City, Shaanxi Province), and leaking court secrets (Prime Minister Wei Xuancheng talked about Zhu Yun's violent temperament, Chen Xian heard it and told Zhu Yun; Zhu Yun wrote a letter to defend himself), Shi Obviously know these things from the side.Chen Xian and Zhu Yun were arrested and imprisoned at the same time. They were sentenced to Kun (hair shaved) and hard labor.
Shi Xian took a series of strong measures (including putting Liu Shi's master Xiao Wangzhi to death, refer to the first four or seven years), the three officials of the central government and ministerial officials were all deterred, and they were very afraid of him and did not dare to say a word.Shi Xian has close ties with the executive officer of the Palace Administration (Zhong Shu Pu She) Lao Liang, and the Minister of Palace Supply (Shao Fu) Wu Lu Chongzong.Those who cling to them all get good official positions.There is a folk song that says: "You are a prisoner / or a Shi / or a Wulu / why do you have so many seals on your body / so heavy to wear?"
Shi Xian knew that his own power was too strong, and he was deeply afraid that if Liu Xi listened to the criticism from the left and right, he would face danger.So, precautions must be taken.Shi Xian often went out of the palace to do business in the government office, and asked Liu Xun: "Sometimes it is too late to return to the palace, and the palace gate is closed. May I say that I will teach them to open the door according to your majesty's order!" Liu Xi agreed.One day, Shi Xian came back late on purpose, declaring that Liu Shi had orders to open the palace gate.Soon, someone really wrote a letter to accuse: "Shi Xian acted recklessly, falsely preached the imperial decree, and opened the palace gate privately." Liu Xi couldn't help laughing, and gave the memorial to Shi Xian.Shi Xian seized the opportunity, shed tears at the right time, and said: "Your Majesty loves me excessively and teaches me how to do things. Many people are jealous and frame me anytime and anywhere. This kind of situation has happened more than once. Only a wise monarch can do it." Know my loyalty. I come from a humble background, and I cannot use my body to please everyone and bear all the resentment of the world. Please allow me to resign from the important job of the Central Committee and only be responsible for the cleaning of the palace. I will die without regret. Only I beg your majesty to have mercy and save your life." Liu Shi deeply sympathized with him, comforted him in many ways, and rewarded him heavily, worth ten million yuan.
At first, when Shi Xian forced the former general Xiao Wangzhi to death, he was furious, fearing that he would be criticized.The commentator (remonstrance doctor) Gong Yu, who understands the Five Classics of Confucianism, is high-spirited and upright, and admired by the world.Shi Xian's trustee introduced him from it and made friends with him attentively.He recommended it to Liu Shi, and Gong Yu was promoted to a senior official at the ministerial level. Shi Xian was very polite and thoughtful to Gong Yu.So public opinion also praised Shi Xian, thinking that he would not frame Xiao Wangzhi.Shi Xian's strategy is deceitful, and he is good at helping himself out in order to strengthen Liu Shi's trust, all of which are similar.
Xun Yue said:
There are many ways for treacherous people to confuse the king.So Confucius said: "Teach the traitor to stay away from you!" Not only do not use him, but also banish him to a distant place, cut off him, block the source, and his attitude is very firm.Confucius said: "Politics means justice." The most basic thing in governing a country is justice.Honesty is the backbone of justice.As for morality, it must be true before he is granted an official position.For ability, it must be true before teaching him to do things.For merit, it must be true for it to be awarded.For a crime, it must be true before it is punished.Contributions must be genuine in order to be promoted.For speech, it must be true before it can be trusted.Things have to be real to be usable.Work must be real in order to be fruitful.
When all justice is brought together to the central government, there will be no hypocrisy in the whole country.The truth of ancient emperors is nothing more than that.
Bo Yang said:
A terrific comment, and finally came a tail of Chonggu, destroying all the arguments.
7. On August 3, Kuang Heng, Commander of the Imperial Guard (Guang Luxun), was promoted to be the Supreme Inspector General.
8. On the eighth day of the eighth lunar month, the Empress Dowager Shangguan passed away. (I am fifty-two years old. Ms. Shangguan became a queen at the age of six. Her husband died early. All her relatives were wiped out in two massacres. A little girl who was manipulated by others has been alone in the palace for forty-seven years, and her heart has long been broken. , the legendary tragedy came to an end.)
9. In winter, in November, there are earthquakes, heavy rain and snow, broken trees, and collapsed houses in Guqi (Shandong Province) and Chu (Jiangsu).
1. In summer, on June 19th, Wei Xuancheng, Prime Minister of the Western Han Dynasty (capital Chang'an), Marquis of Fuyang (Common Marquis) passed away.
2. In autumn and July, Kuang Heng, the supreme chief inspector (Censor doctor), was promoted to prime minister (prime minister).
On July 14th, Li Yanshou, the commander of the Imperial City Security (Wei Wei), was promoted to be the supreme inspector general.
3. In winter, the Western Han government launched an attack on Zhizhi Chanyu, the Xiongnu (Northern Xiongnu).Governor of the Western Regions (Guardian), Director of Cavalry (Captain Cavalry), Gan Yanshou from Beidi County (Maling Town, Northwest Qingyang County, Gansu Province), and Deputy Commander (Deputy Captain), Shanyang County (Jindu County, Shandong Province) Chen Tang, a native of Changyi Town in the northwest of Xiangxian County, led his army to advance to the Kangju Kingdom (the capital Beitian City), went deep into the Kangju Kingdom, and killed Zhizhi Shanyu.
At first, Zhizhi Shanyu thought that the Xiongnu Khanate was a big country that had always shocked all nations, and he personally won a series of victories on the battlefield (killing Runzhen Shanyu, breaking Hu Hanxie Shanyu, killing Yilimu Shanyu, Wusun Kingdom), so proud that he forgot who he was.But King Kangju respected ghosts and gods and stayed away from him. Zhizhi Shanyu lost his temper and killed King Kangju's daughter (four or four years ago, King Kangju married his daughter to Zhizhi), and also killed the faction. The Kangju senior officials, nobles, and civilians who went to Zhizhi Shanyu, a total of hundreds of people, cut off limbs and heads, and threw them into Dulaishui (the Talas River in Central Asia, which flows through the eastern suburbs of Zhambul City) ;Forcing the people living in Kangju to build a city wall for him.In that desolate area, 500 hard laborers were recruited every day, and it took two years to complete (the world is called Shanyu City).They also sent envoys to Yancai Kingdom (from the northern shore of the Caspian Sea to the northern shore of the Aral Sea, whose southeast border borders Kangju) and Dawan Kingdom (the capital Guishan City) to ask them to pay tribute.All countries are afraid of Zhizhi Shanyu Qiangliang, and dare not refuse.
The Han Dynasty sent envoys three times to Shanyu City to inquire about Gu Ji's life and death.Zhizhi Chanyu embarrassed and insulted the envoys of the Han Dynasty; he sneered at the imperial edict of the Han Dynasty, but he still wrote a letter to the Emperor of the Western Han Dynasty (the eleventh Yuan Emperor) Liu Xun (forty years of this year) through the Governor of the Western Regions (should be Gan Yanshou).岁），声称：“环境困苦，很愿意归降强大的汉朝，听候差遣。而且，我还打算送我的儿子去当人质。”（这是一种调侃戏弄语气）态度十分傲慢。
陈汤这个人，沉着勇敢，深思远虑，脑筋里满是谋略，渴望建立突破性功勋，跟甘延寿商议说：“夷狄畏惧匈奴强梁，这是天性。西域（新疆维吾尔自治区及中亚东部）各国，本来就属匈奴管辖，而今，郅支单于的威名，又远近传播，不断侵略乌孙王国（首都赤谷城）跟大宛王国，经常给康居王国出主意，目的在于并吞乌孙、大宛。一旦把这两国征服，只要几年时间，西域所有王国，都会受到威胁。郅支单于性情剽悍，喜好战争，而又不断取得胜利。日子一久，势将成为西域的灾难。虽然他现在距我们路途遥远，幸而他们没有坚固的城堡跟坚强的弓箭，无法固守。我们如果征调屯垦的武装部队跟乌孙王国的国防军，挺进到他新筑的城堡（单于城）之下，他要逃没有地方可逃，要守则守不住。千载难逢的功业，可以在一天早上完成。”
甘延寿认为有理，准备先行奏请中央批准。陈汤说：“皇上一定会召集高级官员磋商，对于远大的策略，不是平凡的官僚所能了解，准不同意。”甘延寿迟疑，不敢决定。正好，不久，甘延寿（时在西域总督府所在乌垒城）卧病在床，一时不能痊愈。陈汤单独行动，假传圣旨，征调各国武装部队跟车师国（新疆维吾尔自治区吐鲁番市）屯垦兵团的戊巳指挥官（驻车师国）。甘延寿大惊失色，从床上爬起来，要加阻止。陈汤怒发冲冠，手按剑柄，厉声警告说：“大军已发，你这小子是不是打算破坏大计？”甘延寿只好顺从。
于是，开始部署，集结汉朝及外国兵力，共有四万余人。甘延寿、陈汤，上奏章自我弹劾假传圣旨之罪，陈述所以如此做的理由。发出奏章的同天，大军出发，分成六路纵队（新设阳威指挥官、合骑指挥官、白虎指挥官，跟西域总督府直辖的副指挥官、戊指挥官、巳指挥官）。其中三路纵队沿南道（新疆维吾尔自治区塔里木盆地南边缘）越过葱岭（帕米尔高原），穿过大宛王国。另三路纵队，由总督（都护）甘延寿亲自率领，从温宿国（新疆维吾尔自治区乌什县）出发，由北道（新疆维吾尔自治区塔里木盆地北边缘）经过乌孙王国首都赤谷城，横穿乌孙王国，进入康居王国边界，挺进到阗池（中亚伊赛克湖）西岸。而这时，康居王国的副王抱阗，率领数千骑兵，在赤谷城东方攻击乌孙王国大国王（大昆弥）地区（应在伊翠河上游一带），屠杀及俘虏一千余人，驱赶着抢来的牛羊马匹牲畜，返回康居，前锋正追及汉朝远征大军的殿后部队。于是，从背后发动攻击，夺取汉军大批辎重。
陈汤回军迎战，杀四百六十人，夺回抱阗所掳掠的乌孙人四百七十人，送他们回国，交给大国王。而夺回的牛羊马匹，则留下来作为军队补给，逮捕到抱阗手下贵族伊奴毒，大获全胜。进入康居王国东边国境后，陈汤下令严守纪律，不准烧杀抢掠。秘密跟康居王国的贵族屠墨会晤，向他展示西汉政府的威力与决心，摆下筵席，开怀饮酒，共同盟誓，然后送他回去。大军继续挺进，在距新筑的单于城六十里处，安营扎寨，构筑阵地。这时，又俘虏康居王国另一位贵族具色子男开牟，具色子男开牟愿作向导。具色子男开牟是屠墨的舅父，也痛恨郅支单于的凶暴。汉朝远征军遂对郅支单于的内部情况，了如指掌。第二天，大军再向前挺进，距单于城三十里，扎营。（“具色子男开牟”这么长一串，因为是方块字的缘故，无法正确地处理音节，“具色子”也好，“具色”也好，“具”也好，“色子”也好，“子男开”也好，应该怎么断音？谁都不知道。如果用的是拼音字，这些毛病，根本不会发生。因为方块字无法断音结词，所以中文拼音化是拯救中文的唯一良药，正有待我们孜孜不息的努力。）
郅支单于得到情报，派人前来询问：“汉朝军队到这里的目的何在？”远征军回答说：“你们单于，曾经上书汉朝皇帝，说：'环境困苦，很愿意归降强大的汉朝，听候差遣，亲身到长安朝见。'（前文所载，没有“亲身到长安朝见”的话，可能前文遗漏，也可能远征军故意加上一句。）皇上怜悯单于放弃那么广大的祖国，委屈的住在康居，所以派西域总督，率军前来迎接护送单于的妻子儿女。恐怕单于的左右受到惊恐，所以没有直接到达城下。”
双方使节来往了几次之后，甘延寿、陈汤出面，责备郅支单于的使节说：“我们为了单于，万里而来，到今天他还没有派一位有名望的王爵或高级官员，前来晋见总督的幕僚（表示他们只有资格会晤总督的幕僚，还没有资格晋见总督），为什么单于这么快就忘记他当初的请求，竟不知道主人待客的礼貌？我们从遥远的地方到此，人困马乏，而粮秣又快用完（这是一个陷阱，表示远征军不能持久，郅支单于才没有远走高飞），恐怕连回程都不够用，请单于跟大臣们慎重考虑。”
次日，大军挺进到都赖水畔，在距单于城三里构筑阵地。看见单于城上，五色旗帜，迎风飘扬，好几百人全副盔甲，在城上戒备；又派出一百余骑兵，在城下来往奔驰，另有一百余步兵，在城门两侧，结成“鱼鳞阵”（战士肩与肩稍微错开，紧紧相接，好像鱼鳞），正作战斗演习，城上守军战志激昂，向汉军挑战，说：“有种的过来！”而一百余人的匈奴骑兵敢死队，直冲汉军营垒。汉军营垒戒备，强弓全都拉满，箭头外指。匈奴骑兵不敢攻击，撤退。强弓部队出营，射击城门外操练的匈奴骑兵跟步兵，骑兵步兵立即退入城内，城门紧闭。
甘延寿、陈汤下总攻击令：“听到鼓声，直扑城下，四面包围，各单位记住所分配的位置，开凿洞穴，堵塞射击孔。盾牌在前，保护强弓部队，强弓部队负责射杀城楼守军。”攻击开始，城楼上的匈奴守军不能立足，溃散。土城之外，还有两层坚固的木墙。匈奴坚保木墙，由木墙射击，汉朝远征军相继伤亡。于是远征军纵火，木城燃烧。入夜，匈奴守军骑兵好几百人突围，汉朝远征军迎头痛击，箭如雨下，全部歼灭。
当初，郅支单于听说汉朝远征军抵达，打算迅速脱离战场，投奔康居。可是，又怕康居国王对他怨恨，跟汉朝勾结，里应外合，所以不敢投奔。接着了解，乌孙王国等西域各国，都派出军队，参与汉朝远征兵团，四周全是敌人，也无处可以投奔。因此，他虽已逃出单于城，仍再度返回，说：“不如坚守，汉朝军队远在万里之外，绝不可能持久。”当攻城之战激烈时，郅支单于全身披甲，在城楼上指挥作战。他的皇后、夫人以及数十位美女，也都用弓箭反击，遏阻攻势。汉朝强弓部队一箭射中郅支单于的鼻子，而皇后、夫人也有死亡。郅支单于满身是血，奔下城楼。
午夜之后，木城全毁，匈奴守军退入土城，再登城墙，呼号呐喊。这时，康居王国一万余人的骑兵援军到达，分成十余队，每队一千余人，对汉朝兵团作反包围，奔驰号叫，跟城上的匈奴守军，互相呼应。并乘天色漆黑，向汉朝远征军阵地进攻。然而无法锲入，稍稍向后撤退。天将亮时，汉朝远征军对单于城发动拂晓攻击，四面纵火，杀声震天，战鼓擂动，号角悲鸣，大地好像沸腾，康居援军再向后撤，汉朝远征军举盾堆土，攀土而上。
郅支单于不能支持，率领一百余名匈奴战士，退入皇宫。汉朝远征军纵火焚烧皇宫，战士争先冲入。郅支单于身负重伤，气绝而死。远征军部队长、指挥部副秘书（军候假丞）杜勋，砍下郅支单于的人头。在皇宫中搜出汉朝皇帝的符节（节）两个跟谷吉等所带的书信。接着是大屠杀，计斩皇后、太子、名王以下一千五百一十八人，生擒一百四十五人，投降的一千余人。凡是抢掠的金银财宝，都归抢掠者所有。其他生擒的或投降的匈奴人以及财产，分配给参加远征军的十五个王国的国王。
1、春季，正月，匈奴（北匈奴）郅支单于的人头，送到西汉王朝的首都长安（陕西省西安市）。
甘延寿、陈汤，上疏说：“我们曾经听说，天下的大义，莫过于天下统一。从前有伊祁放勋（唐）、姚重华（虞），今有强大的西汉政府。匈奴（王庭设蒙古国哈尔和林市）呼韩邪单于（十四任）已成为我们北方的藩属屏障，惟有郅支单于，背叛我国，没有伏罪。他逃亡到大夏国（阿富汗东北部）之西，认为我国对他无可奈何（实际上应是逃亡至大宛之北、乌孙之西。原文有误）。可是，郅支单于对人民暴虐恶毒，罪恶上通于天。臣甘延寿、陈汤，率领仁义的汉朝远征军，替天征讨。幸赖陛下神灵，阴阳配合，天气晴朗，攻陷敌人军垒，压制敌人抵抗，诛杀郅支单于跟名王以下很多人，砍下人头，似应悬挂在首都长安槁街各外国宾馆之间（槁，音gao。槁街，首都长安街名，外国宾馆集中在这条街上。犹如北京，外国使馆集中在东交民巷一样），使传播万里之外，昭示天下：胆敢冒犯强大汉朝的，距离再远，也必诛杀！”
宰相（丞相）匡衡等，认为：“现在春季，正是掩埋骨骼之时，不应悬挂人头。”
西汉帝（十一任元帝）刘奭（本年四十一岁）下令悬挂示众十日，十日后埋葬。报告并祭祀皇家祖庙（太庙），赦天下。中央全体官员向皇帝祝贺，欢宴。
2、六月五日，中山（哀）王（首府卢奴）刘竟逝世。刘竟是刘奭的幼弟，跟皇太子刘骜年龄相仿，叔侄在一块长大，又在一块读书。刘竟逝世后，刘骜前往吊丧。刘奭看到儿子，想起幼弟，悲哀不能自制，可是刘骜却像没事人一样，一点也没有悲容。刘奭恨恨说：“天下哪有一点爱心都没有的人，可以继承祖庙香火？做人民父母？”这时，御马总监（驸马都尉）、宫廷随从（侍中）史丹，正充当刘骜的监护人（护太子家）。刘奭责备史丹，史丹脱下官帽，请罪说：“这都怪我，是我看见陛下哀痛幼弟，身体瘦损。前些时，太子（刘骜）晋见，我特别嘱咐他，不要流泪哭泣，免得引起陛下伤感。罪过在我，我应该处死。”刘奭认为史丹说的是事实，愤怒才被化解。
3、蓝田（陕西省蓝田县）地震，山崩，坠入霸水河床（霸水，源出蓝田山，向西北流，注入渭水），霸水壅塞。安陵（二任帝刘盈坟墓·陕西省咸阳市东北十五千米）泾水堤岸崩塌，河床壅塞，向西逆流。
1、春季，三月，西汉王朝政府（首都长安）赦天下。
2、夏季，六月十七日，恢复戾园（刘奭曾祖父刘据墓园，在陕西省西安市玉祥门西一千米。前四〇年，撤除祭祀跟守卫人员）。
3. On June 30, a solar eclipse.
4、秋季，七月二十八日，恢复太上皇（一任帝刘邦的老爹刘执嘉）墓园（陕西省富平县西南七千米）、原庙（刘邦祭庙本在首都长安城内。二任帝刘盈，又在渭水北岸建立祭庙，称原庙；参考前一九一年）、昭灵后（刘邦的娘亲王含始）墓园（与刘执嘉同处一陵）、武哀王（刘邦的老哥）墓园、昭哀后（刘邦的姐姐）墓园、卫思后（卫子夫，七任帝刘彻的皇后）墓园（陕西省西安市玉祥门西一千米）。因皇帝（十一任元帝）刘奭（本年四十二岁）患病，一直不能痊愈，认为是祖宗谴责（参考前四〇年），所以全部再设置祭祀及守卫人员，但各郡、各封国的祭庙，从此全废。
5、本年（前三四年），改封济阳王（首府陈留）刘康（刘奭子），当山阳王（首府昌邑）。
6、匈奴汗国（原南匈奴）呼韩邪单于（十四任）挛鞮稽侯栅，得到郅支单于被诛杀的消息，既高兴，又恐惧（高兴的是敌人已死，没有后患；恐惧的是汉朝更为强大，有一天万一得罪汉朝，可能身为郅支单于第二）。于是，上疏汉朝皇帝，请求到京师（首都长安）晋见。
1、春季，正月，匈奴汗国（南匈奴）呼韩邪单于（十四任）挛鞮稽侯栅入朝，请求准许他当汉朝女婿，使他感觉有所依靠。西汉帝（十一任元帝）刘奭（本年四十三岁）把皇宫“良家子”王嫱，别名王昭君，赏赐给呼韩邪单于。（西汉王朝皇宫小老婆群编制无“良家子”，可能是十五级的“上家人子”或“中家人子”——合称“家人子”。八级“八子”、九级“七子”，似乎也有可能。除此之外，别无含有“家”“子”的称号。但王昭君也可能仅是一名宫女，还没有列入小老婆群。但把一个宫女送给外国元首，地位似乎悬殊太大。所以“良家子”者，如果解释为小老婆群中还没有陪皇帝上过床的处女，似也合理。）呼韩邪单于欢喜得心里唱歌，感激涕零，上书刘奭，表示他：“愿意当汉朝的警卫，代替汉朝边防部队，保护东自上谷郡（河北省怀来县），西到敦煌郡（甘肃省敦煌市）之间的边塞，万世相传。请撤销边防，命战士复员，使天子的小民，获得休息。”
刘奭把呼韩邪单于的奏章，交给有关单位讨论。有关单位一致认为可以接受这项忠心，只有宫廷禁卫官（郎中）侯应，了解边塞事务，提出异议。刘奭问他原因，侯应说：
“周王朝跟秦王朝之后，匈奴汗国突然崛起，不断侵略边境。西汉王朝建立之初，还受到他们的伤害。据我了解，北方边界，东起辽东郡（辽宁省辽阳市），西到阴山（河套以北阴山山脉），东西长达一千余里（航空距离一千四百千米，这里说一千余里，不过形容遥远），水草林木，十分茂盛，禽兽出入其中，数目众多。二任单于挛鞮冒顿用作根据地，在那里开矿炼铁，制造弓箭，作为当强盗的工具。直到孝武皇帝（七任刘彻），大军北伐，把那一带夺取到手，收入中国版图。建立城市堡垒，兴筑道路桥梁，更越过这条防线，在防线之北，兴建前进指挥所（指遮虏障、受降城），派遣边防军进驻。然后，边塞才比较前世安宁。
“边塞之北，大地平坦，草木稀少，沙漠相连（瀚海沙漠），匈奴发动攻击，找不到隐蔽之地。边塞之南，山高谷深，交通运输，十分困难。边塞老一辈的人说：'匈奴丧失了阴山，每次经过那里，都伤心痛哭。'我国如果撤销边防军，正是给夷狄卷土重来的可乘之机，这是理由之一。现在，皇帝的恩德，像天一样覆盖到匈奴汗国身上。匈奴人得到拯救，才能活下去。感激救命之恩，叩头顺服。不过，夷狄的性情，穷困时谦卑屈膝，强大时骄傲横暴，天性如此（夷狄固然如此，礼仪之邦的中国人，难道就不如此？中国人这种“自卑”与“自傲”的两头极端性格，在儒家学派“尊君”意识下，已逐渐养成）。前些时，已撤除了前进指挥所（参考前六八年）。现存的边防军，仅够担任瞭望、烽火工作而已。古人明训：安不忘危，不可以更进一步的撤除，这是理由之二。中国有礼义、有制度、有刑法、有诛杀，愚蠢的小民，还要犯禁，何况匈奴单于，他能约束部下不出乱子？万一犯了中国法律，是治与不治？这是理由之三。即令在中国境内，还在山凹水滨，设立关卡，用以控制封国王侯，不使做臣属的有非分之想。边疆一带，设立要塞城堡，不仅仅是为了防备匈奴汗国，也是为了移民区（属国）的移民，本是匈奴汗国的人，恐怕思念故土，防止他们逃亡，这是理由之四。接近边塞的西羌若干部落（青海省东部），跟汉人来往做生意，官吏小民，图财贪利，强占他们的牛羊牲畜，甚至强占他们的妻子女儿，因为这些怨恨，激起叛变（史书上只记载诸羌部落叛变，好像羌人天生贱胚。而在此无意中透露叛变原因—官逼民反），现在如果全部撤除边防军，可能发生这种欺骗诬陷，纠缠不清的纷争，这是理由之五。过去，从军的战士，很多人都留在匈奴，没有回来，他们的子孙，生活贫苦，可能大批前往匈奴寻亲访友，便无法禁止，这是理由之六。沿边各地，奴仆婢女，身世悲苦，但求脱离，虽然互相告诫：'听说匈奴那里快乐，无奈关卡太紧！'可是仍不断有人逃亡，无法阻挡，这是理由之七。强盗匪徒，地痞流氓，被追捕得急了，定会北入匈奴，气焰将更凶恶，这是理由之八。而且，自从沿边设立要塞，已有一百余年（自刘彻初期算起），并不完全用土筑成，有的利用悬崖绝壁，有的利用大石巨木，有的利用深沟险谷，有的利用水峡渡口，征发壮士修建，累月经年。用去的经费，无法统计。我恐怕主张撤除边塞的官员，没有深刻的考虑到事情的来龙去脉，只打算用快刀斩乱麻的手段，一下子停止人民一切差役。十年之后，百年之内，如果突然发生变化，而要塞已经破坏，道路已经湮没，只好重建。可是，百余年累积下来的工程，不可能马上恢复，这是理由之九。如果撤销边防军，不再守望戒备，边境一片太平。匈奴汗国单于，会认为对汉朝恩重如山，不断请求赏赐，终于有一天，小小的事件使他失望，则所发生的灾祸，就难以推测。挑动夷狄的野心，毁灭中国的防卫，这是理由之十。由于这十项理由，我认为：撤除边疆要塞跟边防部队，不是保持永久和平，控制夷狄的长远谋略。 "
奏章上去后，刘奭下诏：“停止讨论撤除边塞跟边防军这件事。”派车骑将军许嘉，向呼韩邪单于解释，说：“单于上书，请求汉朝撤除北方边防部队，愿子子孙孙，永远负责保卫。单于一番好心善意，为人民幸福安乐着想，诚是长远的计划，皇上非常赞美。问题是，中国东西南北，四方都有边塞亭障，并不单单北方才有，更不是专门为了防止来自北方的侵略，也同时防止中国奸民流氓，把灾害带到塞外；使他们了解政府的措施，消灭邪念。单于的原意