Chapter 22 3rd century 50s BC (250-241 BC)

1. In winter, in October, the king of the Qin Kingdom (the capital Xianyang) (the fourth King Xiaowen) Ying Gui officially ascended the throne, and died in just three days.The son Ying Yiren (Ying Chu) succeeded to the throne (fifth term) as King Zhuang Xiang.The aunt, Mrs. Huayang, is the Empress Dowager Huayang, and the birth mother, Xia Ji, is the Empress Dowager Xia. 2. General (name unknown) of Yan Kingdom (capital Jicheng) attacked Liaocheng (Liaocheng City, Shandong Province) belonging to Qi Kingdom (capital Linzi) and occupied it.However, the shark group falsely accused him of treason in front of Ji Xi, the eighth king of Yan. The general of the Yan kingdom did not dare to return home, so he had to stick to Liaocheng.Tian Dan, Prime Minister of the Qi Kingdom, counterattacked and was unable to conquer for more than a year.Lu Zhonglian wrote a letter, tied it to an arrow, shot it into the city, and analyzed the interests and risks to the general of the Kingdom of Yan, saying: "You have only two ways to go, if you don't return to the Kingdom of Yan, you have to submit to the Kingdom of Qi. Now alone Guarding the isolated city, the Yan army does not come to rescue, but the Qi army keeps reinforcing, what are you waiting for?" The general of the Yan Kingdom saw the letter and wept for three days, still unable to make a decision.Because returning to the Kingdom of Yan is throwing oneself into a trap; while surrendering to the Kingdom of Qi, because too many officers and soldiers of the Kingdom of Qi have been killed and injured in the past, considering that they will be retaliated, he finally sighed and said: "It is better to commit suicide than to teach others to kill." He raised his knife and killed himself.Liaocheng was in chaos, and Tian Dan broke into the city.

After Tian Dan returned to Linzi (Qi capital · East Linzi Town, Zibo City, Shandong Province), he reported Lu Zhonglian's contribution to the king (fifth term) Tian Jian.Tian Jian was about to confer a title on Lu Zhonglian, but Lu Zhonglian fled to the coast and said: "Rather than enjoying wealth and being humiliated by others, I would rather be poor and humble and do whatever I want." 3. Wei Yu, king of the Kingdom of Wei (the capital of Daliang) (fourth king of Anli), asked Kong Bin: who is the master of the world?Kong Bin said: "There is no such person in the world. If you must point it out, it is Lu Zhonglian." If you practice hard and never slack off, you will become a gentleman. Always deliberately pretend to the end, and don’t change midway, that is a natural noble temperament.”

Bo Yang said: Virtue is cultivated gradually, greatness is self-disciplined.There has never been a person in the world who relies solely on talent to be different in his mother's womb, and even more ambitious when he is born. Only a tail wag dares to think that his master is like this.Wei Yu didn't believe the facts he saw, and his purpose was to belittle the other party's worth. This kind of reaction, if not jealousy, must be "politics in command". 1. The king of the Qin Kingdom (capital Xianyang) (the fifth King Zhuangxiang) Ying Yiren (Ying Chu), appointed Lu Buwei as the prime minister (President).

2. The Duke of Eastern Zhou (unknown name) secretly contacted the kingdoms, planning to build a North-South vertical alliance to jointly resist the invasion of the Qin Kingdom.Ying Yiren ordered Lu Buwei to attack Gong County (Gong County, Henan Province) and exile the Duke of Eastern Zhou to Yangrenju (northwest of Ruzhou City, Henan Province, southwest of Huju, where Duke Ji Jiu of the Western Zhou Dynasty was exiled).The royal sacrifices of the Zhou Dynasty were cut off here.Until the end of the Zhou Dynasty, there were still seven cities: Wangcheng (that is, the area around Wangcheng Park, Luoyang City, Henan Province), Luoyang (that is, Chengzhou, where the king of Zhou is located, east of Baima Temple, Luoyang City, Henan Province), and Gucheng (Henan Province) Northwest of Luoyang City, Henan Province), Pingyin (Mengjin County, Henan Province), Yanshi (Yanshi County, Henan Province), Gong County (Eastern Zhou Gongfu), and Goushi (Nangoushi Town, Yanshi County, Henan Province).

3. The Kingdom of Qin enfeoffed Lu Buwei, the prime minister, as the Marquis of Wenxin, and took 100,000 households in Henan (Xijingu Garden, Luoyang City, Henan Province) and Luoyang (East of Baima Temple, Luoyang City) as fiefs. 4. Meng Ao, a general of the Qin Kingdom, attacked the Han Kingdom (the capital Xinzheng), occupied Chenggao (Hulao Pass in the northwest of Xingyang County, Henan Province) and Xingyang (Xingyang County, Henan Province), and set up Sanchuan County (there are three rivers in the territory: the Yellow River and Yishui River) , Luoshui). 5. The Kingdom of Chu (capital Chenqiu) destroyed the State of Lu (capital Jucheng), and exiled the monarch (37 Renqinggong) Ji Yu to Biancheng (Sishui County, Shandong Province) and demoted him as a commoner. (In the first 255 years, Ji Yu was exiled to Jucheng, but still maintained the title of monarch; this is the second exile, with no title. From 1108 BC to 249 BC, the state of Lu was established for eight years One hundred and sixty years, and it perishes here.)

1. Solar eclipse. 2. General Meng Ao of Qin Kingdom (capital Xianyang) attacked Zhao Kingdom (capital Handan) and occupied 37 cities including Yuci (Yuci City, Shanxi Province) and Langmeng (Yangqu County, Shanxi Province). 3. Huang Xie, Chunshen Lord of the Kingdom of Chu (capital Chenqiu), suggested to the king (the 23rd King Kaolie) Mi Wan: "The area north of the Huaihe River borders the Kingdom of Qi (capital Linzi). Defense, please grant me a county in Jiangdong (the Taihu Lake basin in the south of Jiangsu Province) as a retreat for the country.” Mi Wan then granted Jiangdong to Huang Xie, who was in the ruins of Gusu (Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province), the capital of the former Wu Kingdom Fortification, the palace is luxurious. (At this time, under the threat of the strong military power of the Qin Kingdom, the fighting spirit of all the kingdoms collapsed. All they could think of was to escape, and the farther the better, to enjoy the day counts as a day.

1. The general of the Qin Kingdom (capital Xianyang) Wang Yan attacked the unaffiliated city group of Shangdang County (the eldest son), completely conquered it, and established Taiyuan County (Jinyang). 2. General Meng Ao of the Qin Kingdom led an army to attack the Kingdom of Wei (Daliang, the capital), and occupied Gaodu (Jincheng City, Shanxi Province) and Jicheng (Weihui City, Henan Province).The Wei army was defeated repeatedly, and the king (the fourth king of Anli) Wei Yu was deeply worried, and sent people to the Kingdom of Zhao (the capital of Handan) to invite Wei Wuji, the king of Xinling, to return home (the matter of Wei Wuji saving Zhao, refer to 257 years ago).Wei Wuji was probably a trap, luring him to go back to the country for trial and conviction, so he sternly refused, and gave the guard an instruction: "If anyone dares to report for the envoy of the Kingdom of Wei, he will be killed."

The guests dare not persuade.At this time, Mr. Mao and Mr. Xue came forward to visit Wei Wuji and said: "The reason why you are respected by all countries is that your motherland, the Kingdom of Wei, is still there. Now the Kingdom of Wei is in critical condition. You don't care about it. Once the Qin army captures Daliang (Wei Kingdom) Kaifeng, the capital of Henan Province), destroy the ancestors’ temples to the ground, how can you see the people in the world?” Before he finished speaking, Wei Wuji’s expression changed, and he immediately put on his clothes and said.After arriving in Daliang, the brothers met, Wei Yu hugged Wei Wuji and wept bitterly, and appointed Wei Wuji as the supreme commander (general).

Wei Wuji sent people to ask for help from all countries, and all countries knew that Wei Wuji had returned to the motherland and became a general again, and all sent troops to wait for dispatch.Wei Wuji formed the Allied Forces of the Five Kingdoms (the Kingdom of Wuqi) to meet Meng Ao, the general of the Qin Kingdom, outside Hewai (south of the Yellow River), and Meng Ao fled.Wei Wuji chased to Hangu Pass (northeast of Lingbao County, Henan Province), forced the Qin army to the pass (west of Hangu Pass), and began to retreat (it is not that the six countries have no strength to resist Qin, but they have no ability to unite).

3. The son of Shu Gao from Anling (Yanling County, Henan Province) in the Kingdom of Wei, served in the Kingdom of Qin as the guard of Guancheng (Zhengzhou City, Henan Province).Wei Wuji was unable to take it, so he sent someone to see Lord Anling (name unknown), and said: "Please send Shugao to me, I plan to appoint him as the fifth doctor (the 12th level of the Qin official), and the law enforcement officer with full power ( Zhijiewei)." Lord Anling said: "I am a small feudal country here, and the people may not obey the orders I issue, so please tell the envoys directly." Instruct them to guide the envoys to Shugao and read Wei Wuji's letter .Shu Gao said: "The reason why the prince values ​​me is that he wants to use me to attack Guancheng—so that if a father attacks the city that his son defends, all the people in the world will laugh at him. If my son surrenders for me, he is betraying his master. Mr. Wei Wuji would not like a father who encourages his son to betray his master, so please forgive me for not daring to accept the appointment.” After the envoy reported back, Wei Wuji’s anger rose, and he sent someone to inform Lord Anling: “Although Anling is a feudal state, , but it is also the territory of the Kingdom of Wei. If I cannot capture Guancheng now, the Kingdom of Qin will use Guancheng as a base to counterattack us, and the Kingdom of Wei will face danger (the air distance between Guancheng and Daliang is 60 kilometers). I hope you can If you are unable or unwilling, I will lead an army of 100,000 to your city." Lord Anling said: "My father Chenghou (name unknown) honored my grandfather (the second Xiangwang Wei Si) ) order to guard the city and hand over the criminal regulations to him. The most important clauses in the criminal regulations are: "Subordinates who murdered the king and children who murdered their parents will never be pardoned. That is to say, if an amnesty is issued, anyone who surrenders to the enemy or flees in battle He will never pardon the generals.' Now he refuses the high position you gave him to relieve the plight faced by their father and son, but you want me to capture him alive. This makes me disobey King Xiang (the second king Wei Si) I would rather die than accept your instructions." Hearing the news, Shu Gao said: "Wei Wuji has a fierce temper and strong self-confidence. If the envoy returns, if Mr. Anling The passage is passed on as it is, and catastrophe is imminent. I have done my duty as a subject, and cannot teach my monarch to be attacked by the army of his own country." So, he shrank to the envoy's official residence, and committed suicide by cutting his neck.Wei Wuji didn't expect it to evolve to this point, so he immediately changed into mourning clothes, moved to a wing room (Xi Su Pi She, expressing the highest condolences), and sent someone to apologize to Mr. An Ling, saying: "I am such a small person, I don't think carefully, and I am sorry for you. I said something that shouldn't be said before, please forgive me."

Bo Yang said: The focus of this historical site should be Guancheng, but the original text is devoted to describing the dialogue between Shugao and Lord Anling.Whether Guancheng was captured or escaped from the siege was not explained.Traditional Chinese historians are accustomed to this kind of rigid opportunity education.Therefore, facts do not matter, ideology does.Guancheng is not important, but the words of Shrinking High and Lord Anling are important. History does not become history, but becomes the preaching book of the Confucian school. 4. The Kingdom of Qin was shocked by Wei Wuji's powerful strength.The king (the fifth King Zhuangxiang) Ying Yiren (Ying Chu) throws 240,000 taels of gold (this is a terrible amount), and creates a whispering movement in the Kingdom of Wei. Anli Wang) Wei Yu warned: "Wei Wuji has been in exile for ten years. After he was promoted to the supreme commander, countries all over the world are willing to follow his instructions. This is an obvious crisis. Everyone in the world only knows Wei Wuji , I don’t know about your king.” Ying Yiren repeatedly sent envoys to pay tribute to Wei Wuji and ask him when he will ascend the throne?Wei Yu heard all the information that was not good for Wei Wuji day and night, so he had to believe it, so he sent someone to take over his post as commander in chief.Knowing his situation, Wei Wuji claimed that he was sick, so he no longer attended court meetings, drank alcohol day and night and indulged in the beauties, all he wanted was a quick death.Four years later, he passed away.The king (fourth term) of the Kingdom of Korea (capital Xinzheng) King Huanhui (unknown name) was about to come to mourn the funeral. Wei Wuji's son thought it was an honor and asked Kong Bin for his opinion. Kong Bin said: "We must refuse according to the etiquette. When the king of the country comes to mourn, only the king of his own country can entertain him as the host. Now, the king of Wei Kingdom (Wei Yu) does not order you to be his representative, how can you be qualified to receive a king?" He resolutely declined. Bo Yang said: What made Wei Yu determined to exclude Wei Wuji were two sentences: "People only know him, but not you!" This is the mode of "knowing him but not you".Fan Jugang used it to attack Empress Dowager Mi Bazi and Wei Ran (refer to 266 years ago).It was a miracle that Wei Wuji was able to save his life.Because with the evolution of history, these two sentences have become more and more lethal. Wei Wuji's loyalty and righteousness shocked the world, and everyone respected him.Why did Wei Yu hear all slander?This is of course the Qin Kingdom's money is powerful, and it is also a mistake of Wei Wuji.With his power and ability, he can cut off the communication between the king and the outside world, at least he can place his cronies around the king—just like Tian Dan placed Diao Bo around King Tian Fazhang (refer to 279 BC), but Wei Wuji But he didn't do so, just because he thought that he and the king were blood brothers, and he couldn't treat him cunningly, let alone suspect that the other party would be ruthless.His lack of action to protect himself ultimately made all the difference.Merely being loyal is useless, you must convince your master that you are loyal.And how to convince the master of your loyalty depends on official means.However, a person's energy is limited, and after devoting himself to work, there is no time for him to please him.The story of Wei Wuji has been repeated again and again in Chinese history, probably because of this. 5. On May 23rd, the king of the Qin Kingdom (the fifth King Zhuangxiang) Ying Yiren (Ying Chu) passed away, and his son Ying Zheng succeeded to the throne (the sixth term. He is the son of Lu Buwei in the legend and was born in the capital of the Zhao Kingdom Handan), at the age of thirteen, state affairs are all decided by Lu Buwei, and he is honored as Lu Buwei's "secondary father". 6. A mutiny occurred in Jinyang (Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province), which belonged to the Qin Kingdom. 1. Meng Ao, a general of the Qin Kingdom (capital Xianyang), put down the chaos in Jinyang (Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province). 2. The Kingdom of Han (the capital Xinzheng) launched an offensive that exhausted the people of the Qin Kingdom.Zheng Guo, a water conservancy engineer, pretended to flee and defected to the Qin Kingdom. He persuaded the Qin government to dig a mountain in Zhongshan (East Zhongshan · Northwest of Jingyang County, Shaanxi Province) and guide the Jingshui, along the southern foot of Beishan, into the Luohe River (Zhengguo Canal in Shaanxi Province) The southeast of Pucheng County in the province flows into the Luohe River, with a length of more than 150 kilometers from east to west. Today, after two thousand years, most of the old Zhengguo Canal has been lost, and only a section in the northwest of Jingyang County still exists as part of Jinghui Canal).During the progress of this huge water conservancy project, the conspiracy was discovered.The Kingdom of Qin wanted to kill Zheng Guo. Zheng Guo said: "I only came here to prolong the life of the Han Kingdom for a few years. However, when the aqueduct is completed, the Qin Kingdom will enjoy the benefits of all generations." The Qin Kingdom thought his words were reasonable and ordered him to continue host the project.Use the excavated soil to fill the high and low-lying areas and cover them on the alkaline soil, turning the barren land into fertile and good fields, covering more than 40,000 hectares (100 mu is one hectare), and harvesting up to six dendrobium per mu Four liters, the Qin Kingdom is more prosperous. Bo Yang said: The minds of the people in power in the Kingdom of Korea are also a wonder in the world.Su Qin intends to teach the Qi Kingdom to decline, using them to waste their national power on degenerate consumption behaviors, such as building imperial palaces, opening imperial gardens, zoos, etc.However, what the Han Kingdom did was to make the enemy country invest in constructive projects, which is really incredible.It's like a tiger pressing the door, trying not to sharpen its gun and sharpen its knife, but leading it to eat a lamb five miles away every day, hoping that it will be tired from running and have no energy to eat again, but it does not expect that it will become more and more serious every day. majestic.If a country has a ruling class with such an IQ, it is simply unreasonable if it does not perish. 1. Gong Gong (name unknown. 麃, sound biao) of the Kingdom of Qin (capital Xianyang) led an army to attack Juancheng (west of Yuanyang County, Henan Province) belonging to the Kingdom of Wei (capital Daliang) and killed 20,000 people. 2. The Kingdom of Zhao (the capital Handan) appointed Lian Po as the honorary prime minister (false prime minister), attacked the Kingdom of Wei, and occupied Fanyang (Neihuang County, Henan Province).At this time, King Zhao (the third king Xiaocheng) Zhao Dan passed away, and his son Zhao Yan succeeded to the throne (the fourth king) to mourn King Xiang.When Zhao Yan was the prince, he didn't like Lian Po, so he sent Wu Xiangjun Le Cheng (the son of Le Yi) to replace Lian Po.Lian Po was furious, and attacked Le Cheng, but Le Cheng ran away, Lian Po did not stay, so he defected to the Kingdom of Wei, but the Kingdom of Wei did not trust him. The Zhao army was repeatedly defeated by the Qin army, and Zhao Yan wanted to ask Lian Po to be the commander-in-chief, and Lian Po was willing to continue to serve the motherland.Zhao Yan sent envoys to visit to investigate the possibility of a comeback.Guo Kai, Lian Po's enemy, bribed the envoy with a lot of money, and asked the envoy to find a way to obstruct it.When Lian Po received the envoy, he showed off his physical strength on the spot. He ate a bucket of rice and ten catties of meat for a meal, and then put on his armor and mounted his horse.But when the envoy returned, he reported (only Yin Zi said): "Although General Lian Po is old, he eats well. But during the time he sat with me, he went to shit three times." Zhao Yan thought that Lian Po was overwhelmed. important task. Lian Po waited for a long time to see the recall, and was very disappointed.The Kingdom of Chu (capital Chenqiu) sent people to greet him secretly and teach him to be a general.However, the corruption of the armed forces of the Kingdom of Chu is beyond hope, and they have completely lost their ability to fight and cannot make meritorious deeds.Lian Po sighed and said: "I miss the soldiers of Zhao Kingdom." Finally, he died in Shouchun (Shouxian County, Anhui Province). Bo Yang said: The role played by Guo Kai is very important. This loyal shark in front of the king would rather destroy the country than avenge his private revenge. He is the most admired object by the enemy and the easiest to buy.After the death of the Zhao Kingdom, the Qin Kingdom discovered that: Guo Kai created a lot of unjust prisons, severely damaged the morale of the people, and made efforts to poach the corners of the government. Other traitors were not worthy of giving him shoes. Shangqing).In history, there are many people like Guo Kai.Their only danger is not being scolded by others, but what if the new master does not accept the favor. 1. The Kingdom of Qin (capital Xianyang) suffered from famine and severe famine. 2. Meng Ao, a general of the Qin Kingdom, attacked the Han Kingdom (the capital Xinzheng) and occupied twelve cities. 3. Zhao Yan, the king of Zhao Kingdom (the capital of Handan) (the fourth Mourning King), appointed Li Mu as a general, attacked Yan Kingdom (capital Jicheng), and occupied Wusui (Xushui County, Hebei Province), Fangcheng (Yan Great Wall· Yan State built the Great Wall along the Caohe River, a tributary of the Haihe River). Li Mu, a good general of the border guards of the Kingdom of Zhao, once stationed in Daijun (Yu County, Hebei Province) and Yanmen (Youyu County, Shanxi Province). times) to invade the south and appoint officials according to the needs.The taxes collected by the government are not submitted to the central government, but are directly handed over to the headquarters of the border guards as military expenses.Every time Li Mu kills cattle and pigs, rewards soldiers, rides horses and shoots arrows, is well-trained, strictly guards the checkpoints, and dispatches a large number of spies. Stand firm. Anyone who dares to hunt and kill the enemy will be beheaded.” The Xiongnu tribe repeatedly attacked, and with the beacon fire, people took refuge in the air (really fortifying the walls and clearing the wilderness), and the border guards also acted in the same way, not confronting the Xiongnu.After a few years like this, people have not suffered losses.The Xiongnu tribe ridiculed Li Mu as a coward, and even the frontier guards thought the commander was cowardly.King Zhao (I don't know which king it is) blamed Li Mu, but Li Mu refused to change.King Zhao was furious and sent someone to take over his position as commander-in-chief.After one year, Zhao Jun stopped retreating, accepted the challenge and took the initiative to attack. As a result, he continued to lose and suffered heavy casualties. The border area became a battlefield, and the people could neither plow the fields nor graze.The king had no choice but to order Officer Li Mu to return to his original post. Li Mu claimed that he was ill, and King Zhao put pressure on him to return to his post. Li Mu said: "You must use my words. Please allow me to use the old method." The king agreed. Li Mu defended the frontier again and continued to fortify the wall and clear the country.Over the past few years, the Xiongnu tribe has gained nothing, but it is still certain that Li Mu is afraid of them.The soldiers of the Zhao army were rewarded every day and had nothing to do. They were full of energy and were willing to fight for victory.Li Mu knew that the time was ripe, so he selected 1,300 chariots, 13,000 horses, 50,000 brave warriors, and 100,000 archers to strengthen his combat training.Then, let out shepherds, cattle and sheep, and fill the field.When the Xiongnu tribe invaded, Li Mu ordered that if they make contact with each other, they will be defeated, and more than a dozen defeated soldiers will be left on purpose for the Xiongnu tribe to plunder. When Shan Yu (the chieftain and king of the Xiongnu tribe) got the news, he personally led the army to go deep, and Li Mu retreated every day.Zhao Jun attacked from all sides, killing more than 100,000 people, and the Xiongnu tribe fled in embarrassment.Li Mu pursued and raided the Xilu tribe (in Hunshandake Sandy Land, Inner Mongolia, Yin chanlan), the Donghu tribe (in the upper reaches of the West Liao River in Inner Mongolia), and the Linhu tribe (in Dongsheng City, Inner Mongolia) along the way.Fortunately, Shan Yu of the Xiongnu tribe broke out of the siege and fled northward. He did not dare to approach the border of the Zhao Kingdom for more than ten years (there were many casualties, and his troops could not be replenished immediately). 4. Initially, there were seven civilized countries (Qin, Chu, Yan, Qi, Han, Zhao, Wei) in the world, and three of them (Qin, Zhao, Yan) bordered the Rongdi tribe.1. In the west of the Qin Kingdom, there are Mianzhu tribes (Tianshui County, Gansu Province), Mirong tribes (Tongwei County, Gansu Province. Fu, sound gun. Mirong, that is, Dog Rong in the Spring and Autumn Period), Zhai tribe (Lintao County, Gansu Province) County), Bi tribe (Longxi County, Gansu Province. Bi, sound huan).In the north of Qishan (northeast of Qishan County, Shaanxi Province), Liangshan (northwest of Ganxian County, Shaanxi Province), Jingshui (Jinghe River, a tributary of Weishui River), and Qishui (a small branch of Shichuan River, a tributary of Weishui River, flowing through the west of Tongchuan City, Shaanxi Province), there is righteousness Qu tribe (Xifeng City, Gansu Province), Dali tribe (Dali County, Shaanxi Province), Wuzhi tribe (south of Guyuan County, Ningxia), and Quyan tribe (Yanchi County, Ningxia. Qu, sound qu).2. In the north of Zhao Kingdom, there are Linhu Tribe and Loufan Tribe (Guancen Mountain in the north of Shanxi Province).3. In the north of the Yan Kingdom, there are the Donghu tribe and the Shanrong tribe (a branch of the Xiongnu tribe, distributed in the Daling River Basin in Liaoning Province).Scattered among the valleys and rivers in various places, each has chiefs, but they are not united. Sometimes more than a hundred tribes gather together, but there is no common leader. Later, the Yiqu tribe absorbed modern civilization and began to build castles.And the Kingdom of Qin devoured it piece by piece like a silkworm eating a mulberry leaf.When the first king (King Hui) won Si, he captured twenty-five of their cities.When the third king (King Zhaoxiang) won Ji, his mother announced that the Queen Mother lured King Yiqu to Ganquan (northwest of Chunhua County, Shaanxi Province) and killed him. Then the army attacked and wiped out in one fell swoop. Starting from the west of Longshan, through Beidi (north of Longshan Mountain), until Shangjun (Yan'an City, Shaanxi Province), the Great Wall was built to resist the invasion of barbarians. Zhao Yong, the first king of the Kingdom of Zhao (Wuling King), defeated Linhu and Loufan in the north, and built the Great Wall from Daijun through the southern foot of the Yinshan Mountains to Gaoque (Urad Rear Banner, Inner Mongolia). County (Toketuo County, Inner Mongolia), Yanmen County (Youyu County, Shanxi Province), and Dai County. Qin Kai, a general of the Kingdom of Yan, once served as a hostage in the Donghu tribe. Donghu trusted him very much. He took advantage of the opportunity of being trusted to investigate the situation in the mountains and rivers. When he returned home, he led an army to attack.The Kingdom of Yan also built the Great Wall from Zaoyang (Zhenglan Banner, Inner Mongolia) to Xiangping (Liaoyang City, Liaoning Province), and established Shanggu County (Huailai County, Hebei Province), Yuyang County (Miyun County, Beijing City), and Youbeiping County. (Jixian County, Tianjin City) and Liaodong County (Liaoyang City, Liaoning Province) to prevent the Hu people from invading south.The Xiongnu tribe became powerful at the end of the Warring States period (the middle of the third century BC). 1. In spring, Meng Ao, a general of the Qin Kingdom (the capital Xianyang), attacked the Wei Kingdom (the capital Daliang), and trapped the city of Fancheng (the current location is unknown. Fan, sound chang), and there are tricks (the current location is unknown).March, began to retreat. 2. The prince sent by the Qin Kingdom to the Zhao Kingdom (the capital Handan) as a hostage returned to the Qin Kingdom.Prince Zhao Chu, who was sent by the Kingdom of Zhao to the Kingdom of Qin as a hostage, also returned to the Kingdom of Zhao. 3. In July, locusts were infested in the Kingdom of Qin, and the plague was prevalent.The Qin government ordered that if a commoner pays one thousand shi (sound dan) in grain, he will be ordered to be the lowest-level official (Qin official twentieth-level "gongshi"). 4. The king of the Kingdom of Wei (fourth Anli king) Wei Yu passed away, and his son Wei Zeng succeeded to the throne (fifth) as King Jingmin (sound min). 1. General Meng Ao of the Kingdom of Qin (capital Xianyang) attacked the Kingdom of Wei (capital Daliang) and occupied Suanzao (Yanjin County, Henan Province), Yancheng (northeast of Yanjin County), Xuyi (northeast of Yanjin County, the border of Diancheng) South), Yongqiu (Qixian County, Henan Province), Changping (Xihua County, Henan Province), Shanyang (Jiaozuo City, Henan Province) and other 20 cities, the establishment of Dongjun (the location of the county government is unknown, the Qin Kingdom will fall next year) After Puyang, the county government was established in Puyang). 2. In the beginning, in the Kingdom of Zhao (the capital Handan), Ju Xin and Pang Nuan met each other and had a deep friendship.Later, Ju Xin went to the Kingdom of Yan (the capital Jicheng) as an official (refer to 312 BC).King Yan (eighth) Ji Xi witnessed the decline of the Zhao Kingdom, and continued to fail in the battle against the Qin Kingdom. The famous general Lian Po died in a foreign country. Pang Nuan was the commander, planning to take advantage of the danger and launch an invasion.Asking Ju Xin's opinion, Ju Xin happily said: "I know Pang Nuan well, and it is very easy to deal with." Ji Xi then appointed Ju Xin as the commander of the expeditionary force, and aggressively attacked the Kingdom of Zhao.Pang Nuan, the commander-in-chief of the three armies of the Zhao Kingdom, led his troops to attack, killed Ju Xin, and captured 20,000 Yan soldiers. Bo Yang said: Among the Seven Kingdoms in the Warring States Period, the Yan Kingdom was the most pustular.There is a common saying: "There have been many generous and elegiac people in Yanzhao since ancient times." It seems that there is Zhao Wuyan.Only when Le Yi is the commander-in-chief can the Yan army fight, and at other times, they are invincible.Among all the kings, only Ji Ping (the fourth King Zhao) can be called a hero.Since Ji Lezi (the fifth king of Hui), he didn't know how to cheer himself up, but he wanted to attack Zhao Kingdom's territory all day long, and he couldn't bear Zhao Kingdom's blow.From a macro perspective, Kingdom of Yan should be sincere and try its best to help Kingdom of Zhao, because Kingdom of Zhao is like a mountain, blocking the storm of Kingdom of Qin.Once the mountain collapsed, the Kingdom of Yan would be swept away.Unexpectedly, the Yan Kingdom repeatedly blasted the mountain, lest it would not collapse.Some people's brains are indeed made of dung. 3. The kingdoms are aware of the continuous invasion of the Qin Kingdom and seek countermeasures. Bo Yang said: To this day, it is not too late to reorganize the North-South alliance.The problem is that the countries are corrupt, and it has penetrated into the marrow.Those in power have pockets full of gold and silver bribes from the Kingdom of Qin.Without good politics, there are no good combat troops.Generals use undignified means to obtain high positions.The soldiers were all from poor families, half-fed and half-starved in the army.Therefore, whether it is an official or a soldier, they have no fighting spirit. Once they are thrown into the battlefield, they will naturally collapse.Countries don't know how to reform their politics and strengthen their combat power, but they want to rely on those armies that are alienated from Germany to protect their privileges and create miracles. It can be described as whimsical. 1. Kingdom of Chu (capital Chenqiu), Kingdom Zhao (capital Handan), Kingdom Wei (capital Daliang), Kingdom Han (capital Xinzheng), Kingdom of Wei (capital Puyang), and then concluded a north-south alliance to fight against Qin.Elect Mi Wan, the king of the Kingdom of Chu (the 23rd King of Kaolie), as the covenant commander and the commander of the coalition forces, and Huang Xie, the emperor of Chunshen, as the executive officer to launch a counterattack against the Kingdom of Qin (capital Xianyang) and capture Shouling (unknown today) , Straight to Hangu Pass (northeast of Lingbao County, Henan Province).The defenders of the Qin Kingdom opened their doors to fight, and the Allied Forces of the Five Nations did not dare to confront each other, so they dispersed (this was the last military operation against Qin, after the disintegration, all countries waited for execution). Mi Wan believed that Huang Xie should be responsible for the defeat of the coalition forces, and began to alienate him. Zhu Ying, a native of Guanjin (Wuyi County, Hebei Province), suggested to Huang Xie: "The Chu Kingdom is recognized as a powerful country in the world, but under your leadership, it has weakened like this. But I don't think you should take this responsibility In the era of the first king (Mi Heng), he was reconciled with the Kingdom of Qin. For twenty years, the Kingdom of Qin did not invade us. Why? It was only because the Kingdom of Qin would take the route of Strider (one of the ancient nine fortresses, Pingjingguan in the southwest of Xinyang City, Henan Province. Strider, sound meng. E, sound ai), the danger is too great. If you take the divided Zhou Kingdom, behind you are the armies of Han and Wei, and the danger is too great. Now the situation has changed greatly, and the Kingdom of Wei will perish at any time. Taking care of its territories Xuyi (east of Xuchang City, Henan Province) and Yanling (Yanling County, Henan Province), the two cities will be ceded to the Qin Kingdom sooner or later. By then, the Qin army will only be sixty miles away from Chenqiu. I predict that, The two countries, Qin and Chu, will be in a fight every day." So, the Chu Kingdom moved its capital to Shouchun (Shouxian County, Anhui Province), and renamed Shouchun the capital of Ying.Seal Huang Xie to Wucheng (Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province), and still exercise the power of prime minister. 2. The Kingdom of Qin attacked the Kingdom of Wei, occupied Chaoge (Qi County, Henan Province), and captured Puyang, the capital of the State of Wei. City), relying on the dangerous mountain (Wangwu Mountain) to retain the north bank of the Yellow River in the Kingdom of Wei.