Chapter 13 4th century 60s BC (340-331 BC)

1. Gongsun Yang of the state of Qin (capital of Xianyang) told the monarch (twenty-five dukes of Xiao) Ying Quliang: "The state of Qin and the state of Wei (the capital of Anyi) are each other's confidantes. If the state of Wei cannot annex the state of Qin, Then, what is the reason why Qin State will annex Wei State? Because Wei State is too powerful, it is located in the west of Wanshan (referring to the mountains in the south of Shanxi Province), its capital was built in Anyi (Xia County, Shanxi Province), and it is close to Qin State in the west. The country is bounded by the Yellow River, and the east monopolizes the interests of Shandong (east of Xiaoshan Mountain). When it is strong, it invades Qin to the west. When it is weak, it enjoys the vast plains in the east. Fortunately, Qin is blessed by God. You preside over the state affairs, and the country is booming. However, Wei State has been defeated by Qi State (the capital of Linzi) year after year, and the tail states have left one after another. We had better use this opportunity to attack it. Wei State must not support it when it is newly defeated. It is the only one The only way is to move the capital to the east, then the state of Qin can straddle the Yellow River, relying on the situation of mountains and rivers, can control the vast group of feudal states in the east, this is the great cause of the emperor." Ying Quliang was moved and ordered Gongsun Yang to attack the state of Wei.

The state of Wei appointed Wei Ang, an aristocrat, to lead an army to resist. The corps of the two countries entered the battlefield separately and took their combat positions.Gongsun Yang sent someone to send a letter to Wei Ang, which said: "In the past, when I was in Wei, we were good friends, but now we have become the commanders-in-chief of the two armies that are hostile. I don't want to start this war in my heart. I look forward to meeting and talking with you, using peaceful means to resolve the disputes between the two countries, and then toasting and drinking, each teaching, so that the people of the two countries will be safe." Wei Ang thought it was reasonable and attended the meeting in person.When the two met, they raised their arms and talked happily, pointing to the heavenly alliance and swearing: the two countries will always be countries of brothers.But when the oath of alliance was completed and they attended the reception together, at the grand banquet, Gongsun Yang launched an ambush and captured Wei Ang alive. The Qin army took advantage of the momentum to attack the Wei army, and the Wei army collapsed.

Wei Wei, the third king of the state of Wei, was heartbroken after receiving the report, and sent envoys to the state of Qin to express his willingness to donate the Hexi area (the west bank of the Yellow River and the east of Shaanxi Province) to ask for reconciliation.The Hexi of the Wei State was lost, the Yellow River was dangerous, and it was shared by the two countries. The capital Anyi (Xia County, Shanxi Province) was completely exposed, so the capital had to be moved to Daliang (Kaifeng City, Henan Province).Wei Yan sighed and said, "I hate that I don't listen to Uncle Zuo."

Bo Yang said: After a big failure, key past events often come to mind.The content of Wei Wei's sigh is unclear. He may regret not listening to Gongshucuo and reusing Gongsun Yang, but he may also regret not listening to Gongshucuo and killing Gongsun Yang.Such sighs are endless in history, showing that wrong decisions will inevitably pay the price of wrong decisions.The problem is only in the connotation of introspection. The intelligent type admits that they are not wise enough after reviewing their mistakes: "I should reuse him." The stubborn type shows that they are even more stubborn after reviewing their mistakes: "I should kill him." Pang Juan is stubborn In particular, when he was dying, he still gritted his teeth at Sun Bin, and he did not regret treating his old friend like that.

Wei State was the only superpower in the early days of the Warring States Period. It was located in the rich Central Plains and had a very high level of culture.It's a pity that the country's leaders continue to hurt their own country, forcing Wu Qi and Sun Bin to leave, and finally easily losing Gongsun Yang who can turn the world around.In the next century (the first three centuries), it became even more severe, using unjust prisons and torture to expel Fan Ju and Zhang Yi, two other figures who could turn around, into the enemy's camp. piece.Talent determines the destiny of a country, and government leaders determine the fate of talent.Although politics is not a natural science, and the small links cannot be fully grasped, but the big development is not happy with the cause and effect.

2. The State of Qin rewarded Gongsun Yang and named 15 cities in the Shangyu area (starting from Shangyi in the west and ending in Yuyi in the east, with a distance of 110 kilometers from east to west) to Gongsun Yang, named Shangjun. 3. Qi State and Zhao State (capital Handan), attack Wei State. (Taking advantage of Wei Guoxin's defeat, to add insult to injury.) 4. Mi Liangfu, the king of the Kingdom of Chu (capital Yingdu) (the 19th Xuanwang), passed away, and his son Mishang succeeded to the throne (the 20th), and he became King Wei. There is no record for this year. 1. The king of Qin State (capital Xianyang) (the twenty-fifth filial duke) Ying Quliang passed away, and his son Ying Si succeeded to the throne (the twenty-sixth).After Gongsun Yang's backstage fell, he was immediately caught by bad luck.A party member of the prince's master Yingqian, whose nose was cut off by Gongsun Yang, reported Gongsun Yang's conspiracy to rebel ("false accusation of rebellion" mode), and Ying Si ordered his arrest.Gongsun Yang fled in a hurry and defected to the state of Wei (the capital of Daliang), but the state of Wei refused to enter and sent him back to the state of Qin.Gongsun Yang returned to Shang (Danfeng County, Shaanxi Province) and Yu (Xixia County, Henan Province), assembled his party members and militiamen, and went north to attack Zheng County (Hua County, Shaanxi Province).The Qin government sent a large army to fight, captured Gongsun Yang alive, and executed him by dismembering his body by five horses (chariot splitting).

In the beginning, Gongsun Yang served as the prime minister, he was mean and cruel. He tried lawsuits on the banks of the Weishui River, made verdicts, and killed countless people.After ten years as prime minister, more and more people resent him.His good friend Zhao Liang came to see him, and Gongsun Yang asked him, "How do you think I am governing Qin State better than Baili Xi?" If you kill me, I can speak straight and without concealment.” Gongsun Yang promised, and Zhao Liang said: “Baili Xi (a native of Yu State in the seventh century BC, after the Jin State destroyed Yu State, captured Baili Xi. When Jin State King Ji Guizhu, When marrying his daughter Boji to the king of Qin, Ying Renhao, he took Bailixi as a dowry attendant. Unwilling to be humiliated, Bailixi waited for an opportunity to escape and fled to Wancheng in the Kingdom of Chu, where he was captured by mountain people who made a living by hunting. Ying Ren had admired Baili Xi's talent for a long time, and when he got the news, he planned to redeem him at a high price. Fearing that the Kingdom of Chu would keep it for his own use, he used five pieces of black sheepskins in the name of asking for "escape wife". Then he was appointed as a senior state official, known as "Wuguan Dafu" in the world), but a lowly servant and fugitive of the Chu Kingdom, Ying Renhao promoted him from the lowly status of cattle herding to the top of ten thousand people, and the border of Qin State In China, except for the monarch, no one is more powerful than him. He was the prime minister for only six or seven years, but he attacked Zheng Guo (the capital of Xinzheng) in the east and won the victory. The three consecutive monarchs of the Jin Kingdom were all elected by him (22 Ren Huigong Ji Yiwu, 23rd Ren Huaigong Jiwei, 24th Rengong Ji Chonger), and saved the Chu Kingdom from disaster at least once (historical records are unknown. In the first 632 years of "Zuo Zhuan", the Jin army was in the city of Puda After defeating the Chu army, Ying Renhao taught Menke to return to the Kingdom of Chu to seek reconciliation. Perhaps this refers to this). Baili Xi was the prime minister, and he did not ride in a car even though he was tired (in ancient times, when riding a car, you stood on the car. There is only a special " "An car" is only allowed to sit. "An car" is specially used for the old, the weak, women, patients, and nobles). Even in the hot summer, there is no cover in the car. When inspecting everywhere, I never bring a large group of attendants to rush around When Bailixi passed away, men and women in the state of Qin wept bitterly, children stopped singing, and peasant women stopped pounding rice. But you, on the contrary, at the beginning, because of the introduction of the king's favor, Jing Jian, this method of entry, You are no longer respected by others. After taking power, you bullied the nobles and harmed the people. Yingqian has been closed for eight years. And you killed Zhu Huan (historical records are unknown), and used tattoo punishment to deal with Gongsun Jia. You said "Those who win people prosper, and those who lose people collapse." These things you do can't be regarded as winning people. Moreover, every time you go out, a large group of police cars will march behind you, and majestic warriors will protect you on the left and right. Guards, in full suit Armed, arrows drawn, knives unsheathed, and galloping along the road. If you are not ready for these ostentations, you would rather stay at home. "The Book of Books" says: 'Those who rely on virtue will prosper, and those who rely on strength will perish.' You did these things , can’t be regarded as relying on virtue. Your wealth is like the dewdrops in the morning, and it will disappear in an instant. However, instead of awakening, you covet the wealth of business and Yu, monopolize the Qin government, and cultivate the anger of the people. Once the king Ying Quliang is dead, I am afraid it is unimaginable what method Qin will use to deal with you." Gongsun Yang didn't think so, and five months later, great changes occurred.

1. The prime minister of South Korea (the capital Xinzheng) Shen Buhui passed away. 1. The earth god altar of Song State (capital Suiyang) in Taiqiu (northwest of Yongcheng County, Henan Province) collapsed. 2. Meng Ke, a native of the State of Zou (capital Zouyi), met with Wei Yu, the monarch (third term) of the State of Wei (the capital Daliang).Wei Fu asked: "Mr., you are not too far away. You have traveled thousands of miles. What suggestions can benefit our country?" Meng Ke said: "Why do you always talk about profit? What I pursue is only benevolence and righteousness." You say: What is good for our country? The officials say: What is good for our family? The common people say: What is good for me personally? In order to pursue their own interests, the upper and lower levels fight against each other, and the country is in danger. Pursuing benevolence and righteousness is not the case. , No one who is full of love will ever forget his relatives, and no one who is full of morality will put his lord behind him." Wei Wei replied: "You are right."

At the beginning, Meng Ke was a student of Kong Ji. He once asked the question: What is the first thing to do to educate the people?Kong Ji said: "First train the people to pursue their interests." Meng Ke said: "A noble person should educate the people and should teach the people benevolence and righteousness. Why do you have this idea?" Kong Ji said: "Benevolence and righteousness are the highest and greatest interests. Officials do not With love, the people will not be able to live a peaceful life. If the people have no morality, then everyone advocates fraud, which becomes the greatest "disadvantage". It is said: "Interest is the ultimate goal of benevolence and righteousness." (The benefit is the sum of righteousness.) And Said: "The pursuit of interests can make life stable and cultivate higher moral character."

Sima Guang said: The words of Kong Ji and Meng Ke seem to be opposite, but in fact they complement each other.Only benevolent people know that benevolence and righteousness are the highest interests, but unkind people do not know it.Meng Ke frankly praised benevolence and righteousness to Wei Fu, but relegated benefits to different targets. Bo Yang said: Sima Guang thinks that Kong Ji's statement is the same as Meng Ke's statement, we don't take it seriously.Kong Ji believes that the highest interest is the highest benevolence and righteousness, and the two are integrated.If the head of state pursues the interests of the country, he is a benevolent king. If he is not a benevolent king who pursues the interests of the country, is he a cruel king?With a wave of Meng Ke's sword, he split it into two halves, one half was "benefit" and the other half was "benevolence and righteousness", which made the two mutually exclusive and sharply opposed.What is "benevolence and righteousness"?What is "interest"?Is building bridges and roads benevolent or beneficial?Is the development of business benevolence or interest?From the dialogue between Meng Ke and Kong Ji, it can be seen that Meng Ke was not persuaded, but persisted.Although Kong Ji was a teacher, he was not as popular as a student. Meng Ke's thoughts—emphasizing the distinction between "righteousness and benefit" and the simple and rough dichotomy thinking mode—had greatly influenced Chinese intellectuals.

1. Qin State (capital Xianyang) attacked South Korea (capital Xinzheng) and occupied Yiyang (Yiyang County, Henan Province). 1. Tian Yinqi, the ruler of Qi State (the capital of Linzi) (fourth term), and Wei Guo (the capital of Daliang), the monarch (third term) Wei Yu, met in Xuzhou (south of Tengzhou City, Shandong Province) and recognized each other as kings. (Since then, Qi and Wei have established separate kingdoms. Tian Yinqi is the king of Wei, and Wei Yu is the king of Hui.) Bo Yang said: Sima Guang believed that the division of the Jin Kingdom by the three families was a great change, and the ethics, ranks, and names all collapsed.Of course it wasn't like that, because they were all still under the rule of the king of Zhou, who had the right to promote anyone to be king.Judging by Sima Guang's standards, this year (the first three, three, four, four years), Qi and Wei Guojun suddenly declared that they had become kings, which was the real great change.From then on, the monarchs of the two countries were as tall as the king of Zhou, and they became equals. They openly became terrible rebels, but it did not produce the effect Sima Guang expected.During the Warring States Period, it entered the runway. 2. The monarch (sixth) Zhaohou (unknown name) of South Korea (the capital of Xinzheng) built a high gate (maybe a high gate for a palace, or a monumental building like the Arc de Triomphe in Paris), Qu Yijiu ( The state official of the Kingdom of Chu, Shizheng Korea) said to Zhaohou: "I don't think you can go out of this door. Why? Because it's not the time. It's not the meaning of the time. It doesn't mean that the day and time are wrong. In life, sometimes it goes well and sometimes it goes bad .In the past, you have passed smoothly, but did not build Gaomen. Last year (335 years ago), Qin State (capital Xianyang) occupied Yiyang (west of Yiyang County, Henan Province). This year (334 years ago), There is a severe drought in South Korea, you don’t practice strict economy and show compassion for the people’s poverty, but you are luxurious and extravagant, as if the country is strong and the people are rich, this is a measure to subjugate the country. So, it’s not the time.” 3. Si Wuqiang, king (sixth term) of Yue Kingdom (capital Gusu), attacked Qi Kingdom.King Qi (one Wei Wang) Tian Yinqi sent people to lobby Si Wuqiang, telling him that it was more beneficial to attack the Kingdom of Chu (capital Yingdu).Si Wuqiang then poured all the troops of the whole country to attack the Kingdom of Chu.The Kingdom of Chu fought back fiercely, the Vietnamese army was defeated, and the kingdom collapsed. The Kingdom of Chu took advantage of the victory and annexed all the territory of the former Kingdom of Wu (Jiangsu Province, Anhui Province), the eastern border, and then reached Zhejiang (Qiantang River).The Kingdom of Yue has since disappeared in history, and the remaining nobles are constantly fighting among themselves. Some claim to be kings, and some claim to be monarchs. (The Kingdom of Yue died in a total of 164 years since Si Goujian called Wang Jianguo. Since then, the territory of the Kingdom of Chu has increased greatly, reaching the East China Sea and the Taiwan Strait.) 1. The Kingdom of Chu (capital Yingdu) attacked the Kingdom of Qi (capital Linzi) and surrounded Xuzhou (south of Tengzhou City, Shandong Province). 2. Gaomen of South Korea (capital Xinzheng) was completed, the monarch (sixth) Zhaohou (unknown) passed away, and Ziweihou (unknown) succeeded him (seventh). 3. At first, Su Qin, a native of Luoyang (the east of Baima Temple, Luoyang City, Henan Province), the capital of the Zhou Kingdom, met Ying Si, the 26th monarch of the Qin State (capital Xianyang), and proposed the grand strategy of annexing the world and unifying China, but Ying Si refused. Accept (Ying Si has just killed Gongsun Yang and is hating foreign politicians).Su Qin then went to Yan State (the capital of Jicheng) and proposed another grand strategy to the monarch (37th) Duke Wen (unknown name), which was the opposite of the previous one. It is because the State of Zhao (the capital Handan) is in the south of you as a barrier. If the State of Qin attacks the State of Yan, the battlefield is thousands of miles away from the State of Qin. However, if the State of Zhao attacks the State of Yan, the battlefield is within a hundred miles of the State of Zhao. It is a wrong idea to not worry about disasters within a hundred miles, but worry about disasters thousands of miles away. I hope that the Lord will form an alliance with Zhao Guo and coexist peacefully, so that Yan Guo will never have disasters." Yan Wengong was overjoyed and funded Su Qinche Put on a horse and ask him for help. ("Warring States Policy": Yan Wengong said: "My country is big and small, with the powerful Qin State to the west, Qi and Zhao to the south, and Qi and Zhao are also powerful countries. What Mr. The country of Yan is safe and secure, and I am willing to accompany the whole country.") When Su Qin arrived in Zhao State, he said to the king (the fifth Suhou) Zhao Yu: "In the world, there is no country in Shandong area (to the east of Xiaoshan) that is stronger than Zhao State, and the only one that Qin State regards as a thorn in his side is Zhao State. However, it did not dare to aggressively attack the State of Zhao, fearing that the Kingdom of South Korea and the Kingdom of Wei would attack it behind its back. If the State of Qin aggressively attacked the Kingdom of Korea and the Kingdom of Wei, as far as the plains could see, there would be no huge mountains and rivers to obstruct them, and gradually erode them, and the army could reach the two countries directly. The capital (Xinzheng, the capital of South Korea, and Daliang, the capital of the Kingdom of Wei), will be annexed by Qin when the two countries cannot support it. Once there are no Han and Wei, the next atrocities of Qin will be added to Zhao. We can check the map, The territory of the countries in Shandong is five times larger than that of Qin State, and it is estimated that the armed forces of each country are ten times larger than Qin State. If the six big countries concentrate their forces and attack Qin State westward, Qin State will definitely be broken. Now some people are pursuing peace. He tried his best to persuade all countries to cede their land to Qin. After achieving his goal, he enjoyed the glory and wealth, but he did not share the damage suffered by the country. Those politicians are willing to exaggerate the destructiveness of Qin's military power. It is suggested that Ceded the land. The Lord should seriously review this matter. From your standpoint, I think the highest strategy is to form an alliance with South Korea, Wei Kingdom, Qi Kingdom, Chu Kingdom, Yan Kingdom, and Zhao Kingdom to resist Qin. Arrange for the commanders (generals) and prime ministers (prime ministers) of various countries to hold a ministerial meeting in a city near Huanshui (Bei Anyang River, Anyang City, Henan Province), exchange hostages, and sign a covenant. The covenant stipulates: "Qin State attacks any country, and the other five countries sent reinforcements at the same time, or harassed its back road, or reinforced the attacked town. If one country fails to fulfill this covenant, the five countries will unite and deal with it together. The Qin front, the Qin army will definitely not dare to step out of Hangu Pass (northeast of Lingbao County, Henan Province) to harm Shandong." Zhao Yu was overjoyed, treated Su Qin as a guest of honor, generously rewarded him, and sent him to various countries. ("Warring States Policy": Zhao Yu said: "I am still young, and I have only been on the throne for a short time. No one has taught me the grand plan of stabilizing the country. Sir, he is interested in world peace and preventing countries from aggression. I am willing to obey." So Su Qin was named Lord Wu'an, and he was allocated one hundred chariots, twenty-four thousand taels of gold, one hundred pairs of white jade, and three thousand six hundred meters of silk to persuade other countries.) At this time, the Qin State sent a general guard (rhinoceros head) Gongsun Yan to attack the Kingdom of Wei. The 40,000 new force of the Kingdom of Wei was defeated, the general Long Jia was captured, and Diaoyin (Fu County, Shaanxi Province) fell.After Qin's victory, he threatened to advance eastward.Su Qin was afraid that the Qin army would invade Zhao and destroy the North-South vertical alliance. In order to stop the Qin army, he enraged his friend Zhang Yi and asked him to take on this task. Zhang Yi, a native of the Kingdom of Wei, was a student of Mr. Guiguzi at the same time as Su Qin. He learned the political strategy of maneuvering. Su Qin knew that he was not as good as Zhang Yi.However, when Zhang Yi traveled around the world, not only was he not appreciated, but he was in trouble in the Chu Kingdom.Su Qin then invited him to the state of Zhao and deliberately insulted him.Zhang Yi was filled with shame and indignation, thinking that Qin was the only country that had the power to attack Zhao, so he defected to Qin.Su Qin secretly sent his followers (sheren) to help him with a lot of money.Zhang Yi was then able to meet Ying Si, the 26th ruler of the state of Qin. Ying Si was very happy and appointed him as a foreign consultant (Ke Qing).At this time, the entourage (Sheren) left and said: "Su Qin is very worried about the fact that Qin State will attack Zhao State, because it may destroy the north-south alliance advocated by Su Qin. He thinks that only you can gain the power of Qin State. That's why I angered you. Teach me to help you, all because of his painstaking efforts." Zhang Yi suddenly realized, "So that's how I fell into Su Qin's strategy but I didn't know that I was far behind him. Thank you, as long as Su Qin is alive, Zhang Yi will do his best." (Pang Juan and Sun Bin, Su Qin and Zhang Yi, and Guan Zhong and Bao Shuya are three legendary friendships in ancient times, which are worth pondering.) After stabilizing the state of Qin, Su Qin went to South Korea and said to the Korean monarch (seventh term) Weihou (unknown name): "South Korea has more than nine hundred miles of land, hundreds of thousands of armed forces, and the most sophisticated bows, arrows, knives and guns in the world. Produced in South Korea, it has become the largest arsenal in the world. After the Korean soldiers draw their bows, they can hit a hundred shots. With the bravery of the Korean troops, wearing solid armor, carrying a strong crossbow, and holding a sharp sword, one person can face a hundred people. Now However, you have been making compromises with Qin State. Obviously, Qin State must demand the cession of Yiyang (Yiyang County, Henan Province) and Chenggao (Northwest of Xingyang County, Henan Province). They ceded to it this year, and it will have new demands next year. Give it again. If there is no land to give, don’t give it any more. The friendship given to it in the past will be wiped out, and disaster will still be inevitable. Moreover, South Korea’s land is limited, and Qin’s demands are infinite. With limited land, facing infinite This is exactly an act of buying resentment and disasters. You don’t need to fight, and your land will be ceded. As the saying goes: "It is better to be the mouth of a chicken than to be the queen of a cow." With your wisdom, you can control the whole world in your hands. It is really embarrassing for a well-known strong soldier to be a cow's butt." Han Weihou accepted. ("Warring States Policy": Han Weihou's complexion changed drastically, he put his hand on the hilt of his sword, looked up to the sky and sighed, and said: "I would rather die than bow my knees to Qin. If you tell me about these kings of Zhao, I am willing to lead the whole country and participate in the covenant. ") Su Qin then went to the Kingdom of Wei and said to the king (the first king of Hui) Wei Wei: "The land of the Kingdom of Wei is a thousand miles away. It looks small on the surface, but the fields are full of small and large villages, and the agriculture is intensive. There is no space for grazing. The population It is densely packed with horses and chariots, coming and going day and night, like an army marching. I objectively evaluate that the Wei Kingdom is no less powerful than the Chu Kingdom. It is said that your country’s armed forces include 200,000 field troops, 200,000 slave troops, and commandos There are 200,000 people, 100,000 logistics troops, 600 chariots, and 5,000 horses. It is shocking that some politicians persuade you to be the tail of Qin. Zhao Guojun (the fifth Suhou Zhao Yu) I have been specially sent to your majesty to analyze the international situation and suggest joining this covenant, your majesty please consider it." Wei Wei agreed. ("Warring States Policy": Wei Wei said: "I'm so bad, I've never heard of such a great truth, now that you tell me the words of your monarch, our Kingdom of Wei will absolutely obey.") Su Qin went to the Kingdom of Qi and said to King Tian Yinqi: "The Kingdom of Qi is surrounded by fortresses, as solid as a golden city and ponds, with more than two thousand miles of land, hundreds of thousands of armed forces, and food reserves piled up like mountains. The three armies ( Not the army, navy and air force, but the upper army, the middle army, and the lower army) are excellent, with "five families" (Guan Zhong founded the military system: five families are one track, ten tracks are one mile, ten miles are a company, ten companies are a township, The three townships are one division) based force, attacking as fast as flying arrows, fighting as fierce as thunder, and retreating without a trace like wind and rain disappearing. In foreign wars, the enemy has never crossed Mount Tai or crossed Mount Tai. There are 70,000 households in Linzi, the capital. I speculate privately that each household has at least three young men, and there is no need to recruit troops from other places. The city of Linzi alone can gather elite troops. 210,000. But the people of Linzi are too rich and well-to-do. Everyone indulges in cockfighting, dog racing, gambling, and playing football. On the streets of Linzi, the axles collide with each other, and people's shoulders rub against each other. When the sweat drops on people's faces, it is like rain. South Korea and Wei kingdoms are afraid of Qin because they are in contact with Qin's territory. The two sides clash and mobilize to attack. In less than ten days, they can fight and win or lose. It can be known immediately. Han and Wei defeated half of their troops, and even had difficulty defending their own borders. Han and Wei were defeated, and the next thing was to perish. Therefore, Han and Wei were very cautious and did not dare to offend Qin easily. It is the hope of peace, even if it is a humiliating peace. If Qin wants to attack the Qi Kingdom, it is not easy. It must consider that Han and Wei will take its back route, and the Qin army will also pass through the Yangjin pass, a pass in Weiguo. '(East of Yuncheng County, Shandong Province) and Kangfu (south of Jining City, Shandong Province) are dangerous, cars cannot run side by side, horses cannot run side by side, guarded by a hundred people, although a thousand people cannot pass through. , we must worry that its long supply line will be cut off by Han and Wei. Therefore, it can only bluff and threaten your country loudly, but dare not take actual actions. This clearly points out that Qin State is helpless. It is the fault of the politicians that the Qi Kingdom is helpless, but you flatter it and treat it as its tail. Since the Qi Kingdom is not a tail country, but a powerful independent country, please consider it, Your Majesty." Tian Yinqi promised . ("Warring States Policy": Tian Yinqi said: "I am really a fool, you enlighten me with the words of the king of your country, and I am willing to lead the people of the whole country to follow Zhao Guo.") Finally, Su Qin arrived in the Kingdom of Chu and said to the king (the 20th mighty king) Mi Shang: "The Kingdom of Chu is a superpower in the world, with a land of six thousand miles, an armed force of more than one million, a thousand chariots, and ten thousand horses. Grain storage is enough for ten years. This is the capital to dominate the world. Therefore, what Qin State fears most is the Chu Kingdom. If Chu is strong, Qin will be weak, and if Qin is weak, Chu will be strong. For the sake of thinking, I should join the North-South Alliance to isolate Qin. I can let the countries in Shandong pay tribute in four seasons, accept your leadership, hand over the altars of their countries and ancestors to you, and use the skills trained by their countries. Elite soldiers are all at your disposal. Join the vertical alliance and fight against Qin, and all countries will be your subjects. If you agree with the Lianheng front and reconcile with Qin, you will have nothing to gain except ceding the land to it These are two diametrically opposite strategies, my lord, which one do you choose?" Mi Shang agreed. ("Warring States Policy": Mi Shang said: "My country borders Qin State in the west, and Qin State has the ambition to seize Bashu and annex Hanzhong. It is a cruel country like tigers and wolves, and it must not be close. South Korea and Kingdom of Wei, intimidated by the powerful forces of Qin, is in a state of confusion, so we should not trust them too much, for fear that they will suddenly move closer to Qin and leak secrets, and we will be in danger instead. I think about it myself. , may not win. Planning with senior government officials, and their opinions are not perfect. It makes me sleepless at night, unable to taste my food, and confused, like a flag fluttering in the strong wind. Mr. Jin wants to unite the world and protect the integrity of sovereignty. To save the crisis, I, the Kingdom of Chu, would like to join the ranks.”) Therefore, the six countries pushed Su Qin to serve as the covenant chief of the vertical alliance, and at the same time serve as the prime minister of the six countries.Su Qin returned to Zhao State from the north of Chu Kingdom, and reported his life to Zhao Yu, the king of Zhao State (the fifth Suhou).The accompanying luggage was piled up like a mountain, and the guards rushed forward and embraced, majestic, like a king on a tour. 4. King Qi (the first prestige king) Tian Yinqi passed away, and his son Tian Biqiang succeeded to the throne (the second term) as King Xuan.Knowing that Zou Ji framed Tian Ji (refer to the first three or four years), he summoned Tian Ji to return to China. (Tian Yinqi did not die this year, but died in 320 B.C. 13 years later. The original record was wrong.) 5. The king of Yan State (37th term) Duke Wen (name unknown) passed away, and King Zi Yi (name unknown) succeeded to the throne (38th term). 6. The monarch of Wei State (Puyang, the capital) (43rd Chenghou) died, and Zipinghou (name unknown) succeeded to the throne (44th). 1. Ying Si, the monarch (twenty-sixth term) of Qin State (capital Xianyang), ordered Keqing (a member of Wei Kingdom) Gongsun Yan to use fraud to drive Qi Kingdom (capital Linzi) and Wei Kingdom (capital Daliang) to attack Zhao State, Hope to destroy the vertical alliance.Zhao Yu, the king of the state of Zhao (the fifth Suhou), blamed Su Qin. Su Qin was frightened and asked to send an envoy to the state of Yan (the capital of Jicheng) to retaliate against the state of Qi.After Su Qin left Zhao, the vertical alliance collapsed.The Zhao Guojue river poured into the positions of the Qi and Wei coalition forces, and the Qi and Wei coalition forces could retreat. Bo Yang said: According to the situation at the time, Su Qin's joint vertical alliance front was the only magic weapon to save the countries.However, the State of Qin used a little trickery to express to the State of Wei that it would return the seven cities it occupied before, including Xiangling (refer to 352 BC).Short-sightedness, greed, and only seeing the three-inch benefits in front of you are a major driving force that causes tragedies.Jia Yi said: "Those who perished in the Six Kingdoms belonged to the Six Kingdoms, not Qin." In fact, the collapse of most countries was in his own hands, not just the Six Kingdoms. 2. The Kingdom of Wei ceded Yinjin (east of Huayin City, Shaanxi Province) to Qin State and asked for reconciliation; and moved the residents to Huayin (southeast of Huayin City, Shaanxi Province). 3. The Kingdom of Qi attacked the State of Yan, occupied ten cities on the border, and returned them to the State of Yan. There is no record for this year.