Chapter 13 7. The Golden Age

In the first ten years, the court coup of the Sui Dynasty led to the insecure emperor Yang Jian being murdered by his son Yang Guang.Yang Guang is one of the faint and tyrannical kings in Chinese history, extravagant and tyrannical, determined to go his own way.He invaded the Kingdom of Goguryeo on a large scale, causing civil uprisings all over the country.At the end of the second decade, he was finally hanged by the rebels, and the Sui Dynasty fell. With the rise of the Tang Dynasty, Emperor Li Shimin quickly recovered the Chinese people who had been suffering for a long time, and defeated all the barbarians who harassed China, and was honored as "Heavenly Khan".China has entered the second golden age, powerful and prosperous, and worshiped by all nations.

Until the 1990s, Wu Zhao, a beautiful woman born as a concubine, seized the power of the Tang Dynasty and became the only female emperor in Chinese history. 1. In spring, on the 20th day of the first lunar month, Li Shimin (the second Emperor Taizong) of the Tang Dynasty (capital Chang'an) Li Shimin (47 years old this year) went to Zhongguancheng (north of Huxian County, Shaanxi Province). On the 25th day of the first lunar month, Li Shimin went to Hu County (Huxian County, Shaanxi Province). On the 27th day of the first lunar month, Li Shimin went to Lishan Hot Spring (southeast of Lintong County, Shaanxi Province).

2. The envoy Sangri Hyunjang (refer to September last year) who went to the Kingdom of Goguryeo (capital Pyongyang) arrived in Pyongyang, and Yuan Gai Suwen (Yuan Gai, surname) was leading an army to attack New Korea. Kingdom of Luo (capital Jincheng), has occupied two cities.King Goguryeo (the twenty-eighth King of Treasures) Gao Zang sent someone to call him back to the army, and Yuan Gai Su Wencai returned.Xiangli Xuanju ordered him not to attack Silla again. Yuangai Suwen said: "In the past, the Sui Dynasty invaded us (referring to the three Eastern Expeditions during the Sui Dynasty), and Silla took the opportunity to occupy our territory for five hundred miles, unless the land was returned. , I’m afraid the war can’t be stopped.” Xiangli Xuan Prize said: “How can the past be pursued! The cities in Liaodong (Liaoning Province) were originally Chinese counties (refer to the December 610 note), and you Annexation, if China doesn't speak, how can you insist on recovering the lost land?" Yuan Gai Suwen finally refused to accept it.

On February 1, Xiangli Xuanju returned to the capital Chang'an and reported the truth.Li Shimin said: "Gai Suwen (Yuan Gai Suwen) murdered his king, mutilated his subordinates, abused his people, and now he disobeys my order and invades neighboring countries, so we must not go unchallenged." Advising the doctor) Chu Suiliang said: "With a wave of your majesty's finger, the Central Plains will be quiet and peaceful; if you turn your head and look around, all the barbarians in the four directions will submit; your prestige and virtue will reach the peak. Now cross the sea and expedition to a small barbarian tribe. If you conquer it immediately It is of course very good to hear good news. In case of setbacks and damage to prestige, Datang is forced to send out angry troops again, and the safety of the country is difficult to predict." Repeat the same mistakes.) Li Shiji (Xu Shiji) said: "Some time ago, when Xue Yantuo invaded the country (refer to December 641), His Majesty planned to send troops to pursue and attack fiercely. Wei Zheng dissuaded him, so he stopped, so that he stayed until today. Create disasters on the frontier. If His Majesty's strategy had been used at that time, the north would have been safe and sound." Li Shimin said: "As expected, this is Wei Zheng's miscalculation. I regret it soon, but I don't want to say it, for fear of deterring others from presenting good plans. Good idea."

Li Shimin planned to lead an army to attack Goguryeo himself. Chu Suiliang went to the Shu and said: "The world is like a person's body, the two capitals (Chang'an and Luoyang) are like the heart, the prefectures and counties are like the limbs, and the barbarians in the four directions are things outside the body. Goguryeo is a serious crime, and it should be crusade , but send two or three fierce generals, with 40,000 to 50,000 soldiers and horses, relying on His Majesty's prestige, and defeating it is easy. Now, the prince (Li Zhi) has just been established, and he is still young (Li Zhi is seventeen years old this year), and the others are serving as screen vassals. Your Majesty knows all about the princes and princes (their age is younger than Li Zhi), once they leave the capital of Jincheng Tangchi (capital Chang'an), risking the risk of crossing the Liaodong sea, with the honor of the king of all kings in the world, hastily launched a desperate attack. Domain war really worries us." Li Shimin refused to accept it.At that time, many civil and military officials discouraged the crusade against Goguryeo. Li Shimin said: "Eight Yiqi Fangxun (Yao), nine Yao Chonghua (Shun), and no matter how many holy kings, cannot plow and sow in winter, but a farmer in a deserted village Or children, but they can plow the fields and sow seeds in the spring to make them grow; what is the reason? It is because they grasp the right timing. Heaven has a certain law of operation, and human behavior can be successful if it conforms to this law of operation. Gai Suwen (Yuan Gai Suwen ) bullied the head of state, abused civil and military officials, and the people stretched their necks, hoping that someone would rescue them.

3. On February 5th, Li Shimin went to Lingkou (Northeast Lingkou Township, Lintong County, Shaanxi Province). On February 11th, Li Shimin returned to the palace. 4. On March 17th, Li Shimin appointed Xue Wanche, the general of the Left Guard Army (First Army of the Guard), as the general of the Right Guard (Second Army of the Guard).Li Shimin once told the attendant officials: "At present, there are only Li Shiji, Li Daozong, and Xue Wanche among the famous generals. When Li Shiji and Li Daozong fight, there will be no earth-shattering victories, and there will be no disastrous defeats. If Xue Wanche hadn't won earth-shattering victories, It will definitely fail.”

5. In summer and April, Li Shimin climbed to Liangyi Hall, and Crown Prince Li Zhi served beside him.Li Shimin said to the civil and military officials: "Do people outside know the prince's temperament and deeds?" Situ (the second of the three princes) eldest grandson Wuji said: "Although the prince does not go out of the palace, his sage character is respected by everyone in the world." Li Shimin Said: "When I was Li Zhi's age, I was quite mischievous. Li Zhi was forgiving and honest since he was a child. I am afraid of sheep; giving birth to a daughter is like a mouse, but I am afraid of a tiger." The point is to teach women to be as humble as possible.) I hope that when I grow up, I can change." Changsun Wuji replied: "Your Majesty is a heroic god. A genius for disasters; the prince is benevolent and magnanimous, and has the virtue of protecting the safety of the empire. Although their personalities and ambitions are different, they are suitable for their roles. This is the blessing that heaven bestowed on the people to protect the Tang Dynasty."

6. On April 8th, Li Shimin went to Jiucheng Palace (Linyou County, Shaanxi Province). On April 9th, Li Shimin went to the Taiping Palace (in Huxian County, Shaanxi Province) and said to the attendant officials: "The ministers are more obedient and less offensive. Today I intend to hear what I have done wrong. Tell the truth, don't Conceal it." Changsun Wuji and others said: "Your Majesty is not at fault." Liu Ji, the deputy supervisor of the Supervision Yuan (Huangmen servant) said: "Recently, someone has been reported, and if it is slightly inconsistent with His Majesty, His Majesty will interrogate him face to face, and there is no one. People who are not ashamed and fearful, withdraw in embarrassment, may not be able to encourage outspokenness." Ma Zhou, deputy legislator of the Legislative Yuan (Zhongshu Minister) said: "His Majesty's recent rewards and punishments tend to be a little bit based on his own happiness and anger. Other than that, I can't see any other faults." Li Shimin accepted all of them.

Li Shimin loves literature and is eloquent. When discussing political affairs with civil and military officials, Li Shimin often cites the past and the present to impress them, and many people cannot answer.Liu Jishangshu dissuaded and said: "Emperors and common people, sages and ignorance, the gap is too great to be compared. We can understand that the most ignorant people face the wisest people, and the most humble people face the most honorable people. The former tried his best to maintain his psychological balance, but in fact he couldn’t do it. Even if His Majesty issued a gentle imperial decree, listened to the statements of his subordinates with a pleasant face, and accepted their suggestions reverently and humbly; Your Majesty showed miraculous wit and eloquence, blocked the other party's mouth with distorted reasons, and rejected the other party's suggestions by citing the deeds of the ancients; under such circumstances, how dare the ignorant commoners answer His Majesty's questions! Moreover, too much memory hurts the mind , Talking too much hurts the original energy, and the original energy of the mind is damaged. The body and mind will be overtired due to the heavy external pressure. You may not feel it at first, but you will definitely be tired later. Your Majesty must love yourself for the country, why indulge yourself? Self-willed, you hurt yourself! Ying Zheng (the first emperor of the Qin Dynasty) made unreasonable words, self-inflated, and lost the hearts of the people; I understand the shortcoming of talking quickly." Li Shimin replied in a cursive letter, saying: "If you don't think, you can't manage your subordinates, and if you don't speak, you can't convey my thoughts. So recently, I have spoken more I am afraid that this is the reason for despising others and feeling proud, but the fatigue of body, spirit and mood has nothing to do with it. Hearing your frank words today, I should correct myself humbly."

On April 16th, Li Shimin went to Anren Palace (in Meixian County, Shaanxi Province). 7. Li Shimin will launch an attack on the Goguryeo Kingdom. In autumn, on July 20th, Li Shimin ordered the Minister of Construction (who will be a master) Yan Lide to go to Hongzhou (Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province), Raozhou (Boyang County, Jiangxi Province), and Jiangzhou (Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province) to build There are 400 transport ships, loaded with military rations. On July 23, the commander-in-chief of the Yingzhou Military Region (headquartered in Chaoyang City, Liaoning Province) Zhang Jian and others were sent to lead the troops of the Youzhou Military Region (headquartered in Beijing) and the Yingzhou Military Region, and mobilized the Khitan The tribes (upper reaches of the Liaohe River), Xi tribes (upper reaches of the Luanhe River), and Mohe tribes (lower reaches of the Heilongjiang River) first launched attacks in Liaodong (Liaoning Province) to test the reaction of the Koguryo Kingdom.Wei Ting, the Minister of Sacrifice (Tai Changqing), was appointed as the commander of logistics transportation (feeding envoy), and Cui Renshi, the vice minister of the Ministry of Finance of the State Council (minister of the Ministry of Civil Affairs), was appointed as the deputy commander of logistics transportation. Wei Ting can consider the situation and handle it on his own without asking for instructions.He also ordered Xiao Rui, the deputy minister of the Ministry of Animal Husbandry (Employee Shaoqing), to be responsible for transporting grain from the states south of the Yellow River to the north by sea.Xiao Rui is the son of Xiao Yu.

8. On August 11th, Li Shimin said to Situ (the second of the Three Dukes) his grandson Wuji and others: "People, the hardest thing is not knowing your own mistakes. You must clearly tell me." Changsun Wuji said: "Your Majesty's We don’t even have time to worship military exploits and kindness, how can there be mistakes!” Li Shimin said: “I ask you to criticize my mistakes, but you flatter me and say things that make me happy! I plan to tell you your strengths and The shortcomings are used to advise and correct each other, what do you think?" Everyone kowtowed and thanked.Li Shimin then said: "Changsun Wuji avoids suspicion at every turn, reacts quickly, makes quick decisions, even the ancients can't catch up; but leading the army in battle is not his specialty. Gao Shilian knows the past and the present, has a bright heart, and no disaster can change him. He has integrity, holds an official position, and never forms a party for personal gain; but his shortcoming is that he does not have the courage to criticize and suggest to the chief. Tang Jian is eloquent and thoughtful, and can mediate people's disputes; but he has served me for thirty years, but he has not said a word about the country. Suggestions for grand plans. Yang Shidao has a gentle and honest temperament, and he will not make any mistakes or offences; but also because he is naturally cowardly and timid, he cannot get help in times of crisis. Cen Wenwen has a loyal personality, gorgeous articles, correct arguments, and never leaves Righteous way, will not disappoint. Liu Ji is firm and honest, loyal, and his words and deeds have contributed to the government; however, he values ​​faith, sticks to promises, and favors relatives and friends. Ma Zhou is very quick in analyzing things, loyal and upright, and critical of others I never shy away from it, and every time I send him to do something, I am more than satisfied. Chu Suiliang is a little better in learning than others, and has a firm and serious personality. Every time he goes to the Shu to persuade him, his kindness and concern for me are like a bird throwing himself into his arms, and he loves himself." 9. On August 23, Li Shimin returned to the capital (the capital Chang'an). 10. On August 26, the Supreme Advisory Officer of the Supervisory Council (Sanqi Changshi) Liu Ji was appointed as the Supreme Supervisor (Minister); Acting Deputy Legislative Chief (Xingzhongshu Shilang) Cen Wenwen was appointed as the Supreme Legislative Chief (Zhongshuling); the Chief of the Taiwomen Administration (Zuo Shuzi) Deputy Legislative Chief (Zhongshu Shilang) Ma Zhou, temporarily the Supreme Legislative Chief (Shouzhongshuling). After Cen Wenwen took office, he returned home with a sad face. His mother asked him why. Cen Wenwen said: "I am neither a hero nor an old friend of the emperor, but I am favored and honored. I have a high status and a heavy responsibility, so I worry and fear Some relatives, friends and guests came to congratulate, Cen Wenwen said: "Today I only accept condolences, not congratulations." Cen Wenzhao, Cen Wenwen’s younger brother, is an inspector of the Royal Library (Schoolmaster Zheng Jiupinshang), and he likes to make friends with guests. Li Shimin was very unhappy when he heard the news, and once calmly said to Cen Wenwen in his spare time: "Your brother makes friends far more than you do. I'm afraid it will hurt you in the future. I plan to send him out of Beijing as an official. What do you think?" Cen Wenwen said in tears: "When my brother was young, his father passed away, so my mother treats him well." I love her very much, and I have never left her side for two consecutive days. If he is exiled to other places today, my mother will be sad and haggard. If there is no brother, it means that there is no mother." Sobbing, unable to stop, Li Shimin felt sorry for her. Due to his filial piety, he stopped acting and only summoned Cen Wenzhao to give him a stern warning face to face, but Cen Wenzhao has never had an accident. 11. In September, Li Shimin appointed senior adviser Chu Suiliang as deputy supervisor (Huangmen servant) and actual prime minister (participating in government affairs). 12. The Kingdom of Yanqi (Yanqi County, Xinjiang) betrayed the Western Turkic Khanate (northeast of Xinjiang and eastern Central Asia), and the strongman and commander of the Western Turks, Ashina Quli, married the daughter of Yanqi King Long Tuqizhi (Long, surnamed ), so Yanqi turned to the Western Turks again, but the tribute to the Tang Dynasty began to be in short supply.The governor of Anxi (Governor's Mansion is located in Jiaohe) Guo Xiaoke asked the central government to send an army to attack, Li Shimin approved, and ordered Guo Xiaoke to be the commander-in-chief of the Xizhou Corps (the marching commander of Xizhou Road), and led a mixed infantry and cavalry regiment of 3,000 people from Yinshan Road ( New ride to the southwest of Tocson County).It just so happened that three brothers, Long Jiebi, younger brother of Long Tuqizhi, king of Yanqi, came to Xizhou (east of Turpan City, Xinjiang), and Guo Xiaoke ordered Long Jiebi's younger brother, Long Lipo, to be the guide. Yanqi City, the capital of the Yanqi Kingdom, was surrounded by water on all sides. The Yanqi army relied on this natural danger, so they were not on guard.Guo Xiaoke hurriedly marched forward at double speed. At night, he arrived at the city of Yanqi, and ordered the officers and soldiers to swim across the river with armed forces. By dawn, the Tang Dynasty army had climbed the city wall, captured the king Long Tuqizhi alive, and arrested and beheaded 7,000 people. State affairs, and Guo Xiaoke led the army to return triumphantly.Three days later, the Western Turkic commander Ashina Quli's army rescued Yanqi, but it was too late, so he imprisoned Long Li Pozhun, and sent another 5,000 elite cavalry to pursue Guo Xiaoke and chase him to Yinshan. Guo Xiaoke counterattacked and defeated the Western Turkic Army. Pursue dozens of miles.On September 21, Li Shimin said to the attendant officials: "Guo Xiaoke recently reported that he will go to attack Yanqi on August 11, he will definitely arrive on the 20th, and the city will definitely be captured on the 22nd. Calculate the distance of the road and win. Envoy, you should arrive today." Before he finished speaking, the stagecoach arrived in time. Ashina Chuna, another commander of the Western Turkic Khanate, appointed one of his generals to be the governor of Yanqi, and sent envoys to the Tang Dynasty to pay tribute.Li Shimin scolded him and said: "I sent troops to attack Yanqi, but who are you to occupy?" The governor of Yanqi was terrified, abandoned Yanqi, and returned to the Western Turks.Yanqi supported Long Lipozhun's cousin Longxue Poanazhi as king, and still submitted to the commander Ashina Chuna. 13. On September 25th, the minister of vassal affairs (Hong Luqing) stated: "Gai Suwen (Yuan Gai Suwen), the governor of the Goguryeo central government (Mo Lizhi), paid tribute to platinum." Deputy Superintendent Chu Suiliang said: "Gai Suwen's murder of his king was not tolerated by the Nine Barbarians (Nine Barbarians in the East). Now, they are about to go out to fight against him, but they accept his platinum first. This is a repeat of the 'Gao Ding' incident (Gao, Sound gao. The Song State destroyed the Gao State, and transported the Gao State Ding to the Song State. Ji Yun, the fifteenth monarch of the Lu State, attacked the Song State, took away the Gao State Ding, and then transported it to the royal temple of the Lu State. Refer to "Spring and Autumn" "<710 BC), I think it is unacceptable." Li Shimin agreed, and said to the Goguryeo envoy: "You served the king (the twenty-seventh Rongliu king) Gao Jianwu, and you all became officials and were honored before him. Gai Suwen rebelled and murdered the king. Instead of avenging the king, you came forward to lobby for Gai Suwen and deceive the Tang Dynasty. This is a serious crime." Hand them all over to the Supreme Court (Dali). 14. Winter, October 1st, solar eclipse. 15. On October 14th, Li Shimin went to Luoyang (Luoyang City, Henan Province) and ordered Sikong Fang Xuanling to stay in the capital; Li Daliang, the general of the Right Guard (Second Guard Army) and Minister of Engineering of the State Council (Ministry of Industry) was appointed as the deputy stay officer. 16. Guo Xiaoke, Governor of Anxi (Governor's Mansion is located in Jiaohe City), chained Yanqi King Long Tuqizhi, and escorted him, his queen and children to the emperor's palace (when Li Shimin was on his way to Luoyang), Li Shimin ordered a pardon and release. On October 17th, Li Shimin said to Prince Li Zhi: "Long Tuqizhi didn't know how to appoint wise assistants, refused to accept the advice of Zhongliang cadres, and sought his own death; the neck was tied with iron chains, and his hands were handcuffed with tools. Thousands of miles away (the air distance between Chang'an and Yanqi is 2,100 kilometers). If people can be vigilant in this matter, they should be afraid." On October 29th, Li Shimin was hunting in Tianchi in Mianchi County (Mianchi County, Henan Province) (this Tianchi is at the foot of Xiong'er Mountain, and the locals call it Mianchi, hence the name of Mianchi County). On November 2, Li Shimin arrived in Luoyang. The former governor of Yizhou (Yijun County, Shaanxi Province) Zheng Yuanzhen has retired. Li Shimin knows that he once attacked Goguryeo with Yang Guang, the second emperor of the Sui Dynasty. In particular, he was summoned to the palace and asked him about the situation of the attack that year. Zheng Yuanxuan replied: "The roads in Liaodong (Liaoning Province) are far away, and the transportation of grain and fodder is difficult and dangerous. The barbarians in the East (referring to the Kingdom of Goguryeo) are good at defending cities, and there is no way to attack them immediately." Li Shimin said: "Today is not the era of the Sui government, you just wait for the good news." Zhang Jian, commander-in-chief of the Yingzhou Military Region, and others were unable to cross the river for a long time due to the flooding of the Liao River. Li Shimin thought Zhang Jian was cowardly and cowardly, and summoned him to return to Luoyang.After Zhang Jian arrived in Luoyang, he reported to Li Shimin in detail the dangers of the mountains and rivers and the beauty and evil of water sources and weeds; Li Shimin was very happy. Li Shimin heard that Cheng Mingzhen, the governor of Mingzhou (the old Yongnian Town in the southeast of Yongnian County, Hebei Province), was a general. He summoned him to inquire about the general strategy, and praised him for his agility. I will entrust you with a greater responsibility." Cheng Mingzhen did not kowtow to thank him immediately in a daze.Li Shimin pretended to be unhappy, scolded him with an angry face, observed his reaction, and said: "A rough man in Shandong (east of Xiaoshan Mountain) has finally become the governor. Does he think that wealth has reached the extreme? He is so bold that he is so bold in front of the emperor. , say some words that are not according to the road, and don't bow down to the emperor!" Cheng Mingzhen asked for forgiveness, saying: "I come from a remote and simple place, and I have never been asked by the emperor himself. Just now I was thinking about how to answer, but I forgot to kowtow to thank you. His speech and demeanor were very serene, and he answered the emperor's questions more fluently and clearly. Li Shimin sighed and said: "Fang Xuanling has been around me for more than 20 years, but every time he sees me blaming others, he looks panicked and confused. I met me, and I suddenly got angry at him, but he was not shocked at all, and his words were clear and orderly, what a genius!" On the same day, Cheng Mingzhen was appointed as the general of You Xiaowei (the sixth army of the guard). On November 24th, Zhang Liang, Minister of Justice of the State Council (Shangshu of the Ministry of Criminal Affairs), was appointed as the commander-in-chief of the Pyongyang Corps (General Manager of the Pyongyang Road Marching), leading soldiers in the Jianghuai (Eastern China), Lingnan (south of Nanling), and Three Gorges areas With 40,000 people, 3,000 soldiers and 500 warships were recruited from Chang'an and Luoyang. They set off from Laizhou (Laizhou City, Shandong Province), crossed the Yellow Sea, and directly attacked Pyongyang, the capital of the Koguryo Kingdom.He also ordered Li Shiji, the Chief of the Crown Prince's Uterus (Prince Zhan Shi) and the Commander of the Left Wing Guards of the Crown Prince's Uterine (Left Guard) Li Shiji to be the Commander-in-Chief of the Liaodong Corps (Liaodong Road Marching Chief), leading 60,000 infantry and cavalry and Lanzhou (Lanzhou City, Gansu Province) The barbarians surrendered from the two prefectures of Hezhou and Hezhou (Linxia City, Gansu Province) marched towards Liaodong City (Liaoyang City, Liaoning Province).The two armies, the navy and the army, marched side by side in separate ways (the above names of "Pyongyang" and "Liaodong" are based on the enemy's city as a bugle, and have nothing to do with the people of the two cities). On November 30, the armies of the expeditionary army gathered in Youzhou (Beijing).Li Shimin sent Jiang Xingben, commander-in-chief of the corps (chief of the march), and Qiu Xingyan, deputy director of court supplies (shaofu Shaojian), to urge craftsmen to make various siege ladders in Anluo Mountain (southeast of Chaoyang City, Liaoning Province).At that time, there were too many brave men from far and near to join the army and those who presented the siege weapons they invented. Li Shimin personally reviewed and selected the ones that were easy to use and easy to manufacture; Said: "Kaoguli Gaisuwen murdered the king and abused the people. This situation can no longer be tolerated. I am now going to inspect Youji (northern Hebei Province) and crusade against Liaojie (Liaoning Province). The local government does not need to provide "And emphasized: "In the past, Yang Guang (the second emperor of the Sui Dynasty) cruelly abused his subordinates, and the Goguryeo king (the twenty-sixth Yingyang king Gao Yuan) loved his people, and used the army eager to rebel to attack the united and harmonious tribes. There are many people, so they cannot succeed. Today is very different. Simply put, there are at least five factors that must win: one is a big country attacking a small country, the other is righteousness against traitors, the third is stability and chaos, and the fourth is energy, restraint and exhaustion. The fifth is to be happy and happy to deal with complaints, why are you still worried that you can't overcome them? Tell all the people not to doubt or fear." Thus, the cost of local supplies has been reduced by more than half. 17. On December 1st, General Zuowei (First Army of the Guards) and Duke Wuyang (Gong Yi) Li Daliang passed away in the capital Chang'an (at the age of fifty-nine). .Li Daliang's family was poor, leaving behind him only five dendrobium rice and thirty bolts of cloth.Among the relatives, orphans who lost their father in the early years were taken in and raised by Li Daliang. Fifteen of them mourned him for three years with the etiquette of bereavement. 18. On December 2, the late prince Li Chengqian died in Qianzhou (Pengshui County, Chongqing City) (26 years old this year).Li Shimin got the report, stopped the court meeting, and buried Li Chengqian with the etiquette of a state-level duke. 19. On December 14th, Li Shimin issued an edict ordering the expeditionary armies and the Silla Kingdom Army (the capital Jincheng), the Baekje Kingdom Army (the capital Sibi), the Xi Tribe Army (the upper reaches of the Luan River), and the Khitan Tribe Army (the upper reaches of the Liao River) ), parted ways, and attacked the Kingdom of Goguryeo. 20. At first, when Li Shimin ordered Libi Khan (the 16th Great Khan) of the East Turks to cross the Yellow River to the north (refer to June 639), the Xueyantuo Khanate (Mongolia) Southwest) Zhenzhu Khan (the second great Khan) Xue Yinan was afraid that his tribe would defect to the East Turks, so he was very disgusted, so he secretly assembled light cavalry in the north of the desert group in the vast sea, preparing to attack.Li Shimin sent an envoy to convey a warrant to prohibit Xue Yinan's actions. Xue Yinan replied: "How dare you disobey the emperor's order! But the Turkic people are capricious, so we can't have too much hope for them. Before their subjugation, they invaded the Tang Dynasty every year and killed tens of millions. I think that since the emperor subdued them, he should teach them men to be slaves and women to be servants, and reward them to the people of Tang Dynasty. Unexpectedly, they raised them like sons. The kindness is too deep, but Ashina’s association rate turned out to be rebellious (refer to April 639), with human face and animal heart, how can I treat them as human beings. I have received too much kindness from the emperor, and I can’t repay it. I am willing to serve the Tang Dynasty and kill the Turks.” Since then, the two Khanates have continued to attack each other. When Ashina Sima crossed the Yellow River to the north, there were 100,000 people in his tribe, and 40,000 victorious soldiers; but he had no commanding ability, so people were not convinced. On December 18th, the troops under his command rebelled in an instant, abandoned Ashina Simo, and all crossed the Yellow River to the south, asking the Tang Dynasty to allow them to live in Shengzhou (Toketuo County, Inner Mongolia), Xiazhou (Beibaicheng, Jingbian County, Shaanxi Province) sub) (Yellow River Hetao and northern Shaanxi); Li Shimin allowed.Civil and military officials unanimously objected, thinking: "Your Majesty is about to go on an expedition to Goguryeo, but he resettled the Turks in Henan (Hetao of the Yellow River), not far from the capital (Xiazhou and Chang'an Airlines are 400 kilometers away), how can we guarantee that there will be no future troubles? Hope His Majesty stayed in Luoyang to guard, and ordered all the generals to march east." Li Shimin said: "The barbarians are also human, and their temperament is no different from that of the people of Tang Dynasty. The king is only afraid of treating people with too little kindness, so we can't blindly suspect them because they are different from us. As long as The kindness is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, and the barbarians from all over the world can also form a family. If there is too much blind suspicion, the flesh and blood of the relatives will also become enemies. Yang Guang is promiscuous and tyrannical, and has long lost the hearts of the people. The mobilization of transport troops to rebel in Liyang (Junxian County, Henan Province) (refer to June 613) was not a disaster caused by the barbarians. I used volunteer soldiers to attack Goguryeo today. I recruited ten people, and a hundred people signed up. One hundred people were recruited, and a thousand people signed up; those who were not accepted, lamented with anger, and their faces were visible. How could the situation of the Sui government be compared with the anger and resentment of the Sui government. The feeling of gratitude has penetrated deep into the bone marrow, how could it hurt Datang! Moreover, Turkic people and Xue Yantuo people have roughly the same customs and habits, they don’t go north to join Xue Yantuo, but go south to join Datang, you can see at a glance what kind of intention you have.” So he told the deputy superintendent ( Huangmen servant) Chu Suiliang said: "You act as the royal life recorder (knowledge of living), and record this passage of mine. Fifteen years from now, I promise that there will be no Turkic disaster." After Ashina Simo lost his army, he had to return to the Tang Dynasty with simple luggage and attendants.Li Shimin ordered him to be the general of Youwuwei (Fourth Army of the Guards) (the newly rebuilt East Turkic Khanate collapsed, and it lasted six years since July 639). 1. In the spring, the first month, Wei Ting, the logistics transportation commander (transport envoy) of the Expeditionary Force of the Tang Dynasty (capital Chang'an) (refer to July last year) did not inspect the transportation channel first, so 600 grain ships arrived at Lusitai (Liaoning Province) Chaoyang City South), because the river bed was too shallow, the boat ran aground and could not move forward.Wei Ting was brought to Luoyang (Luoyang City, Henan Province where Tang Emperor Li Shimin was located) for justice. On the 28th day of the first lunar month, Wei Ting was dismissed from office, and Li Daoyu, the deputy director of the Ministry of Construction (who will be a young supervisor) was ordered to take over Wei Ting's post.Cui Renshi, deputy commander of logistics and transportation (deputy envoy of feeding transportation), was also dismissed for the same reason. 2. Xi Bian, governor of Cangzhou (southeast of Cangzhou City, Hebei Province), was accused of embezzlement and perverting the law. On February 2, Emperor Tang (the second Taizong) Li Shimin (48 years old this year) ordered all local government envoys to pay tribute to Beijing (chaoji envoy) , They all went to the execution ground to visit the beheading. 3. On February 12th, Li Shimin personally led the expeditionary armies, starting from Luoyang, and appointed Xiao Yu, a Tejin (Second Class of Wen San Guan, the second rank of the main body), as the stay-at-home officer of Luoyang Palace. On February 17th, Li Shimin issued an edict: "After I set off from Dingzhou (Dingzhou City, Hebei Province), I ordered the prince (Li Zhi) to supervise the state affairs." ) retired Yuchi Jingde Shangshu said: "Your Majesty personally conquered Liaodong (Kingdom of Koguryo), and the crown prince was stationed in Dingzhou, Chang'an, and the heart of Luoyang. A small barbarian tribe (referring to the Kingdom of Goguryeo) is not worth laboring to control, please send an army to attack, and set a date to destroy it." Li Shimin refused to accept it, and instead appointed Yuchi Jingde as the commander-in-chief of the first left-wing cavalry ( The one on the left is the general manager of the horse army), and ordered him to set off with the army. 4. On February 19th, Li Shimin bestowed the posthumous title of "Zhonglie" on Zigan (the king of the country) of the Shang Dynasty, and ordered the relevant units to renovate his tomb (Zigan's tomb is located in Weihui City, Henan Province, refer to 494 In the first month of the year (note), in spring and autumn, Shaolao (one sheep and one pig each) was used for sacrifices; and the five nearby families were exempted from the tax-paying servants, and they were responsible for cleaning and sweeping Zigan's tomb. When Li Shimin set off from the capital (the capital Chang'an), he ordered Fang Xuanling to be the left-behind chief, acting on behalf of the emperor with full authority, and no longer reported or asked for instructions.A man went to the official residence of the left-behind officer (in Taiwan) to claim the secret. Fang Xuanling asked whose secret it was, and the man replied, "Tell your secret." Fang Xuanling immediately escorted him to the palace with a post horse.Li Shimin was furious when he heard that the chief left behind in the capital used memorials to inform people. He ordered the executioner to serve him with a long knife. Then he came out to meet him and asked who it was. The man replied, "Fang Xuanling." .” Ordered him to be cut in half.An imperial edict reprimanded Fang Xuanling for not being confident enough, saying: "If you make such a move again, you can act arbitrarily." On February 25th, Li Shimin arrived in Yecheng (Southwest Ye Town, Linzhang County, Hebei Province), and personally wrote a sacrificial oration to Cao Cao, the prime minister of the Eastern Han Dynasty. A marshal has more than enough wisdom, but an emperor lacks talent." This month, Li Shiji (Xu Shiji), the commander-in-chief of the Liaodong Corps of the Expeditionary Army (the general manager of the Liaodong Road Marching), led his army to Youzhou (Beijing). On March 9th, Li Shimin arrived in Dingzhou. On March 19th, Li Shimin said to the left and right officials: "Liaodong was originally Chinese territory, and the Sui Dynasty government made four attacks (598, 612, 613, and 614), but they were unable to win. ;I am marching eastward today, intending to avenge the murder of my children for China, and to be ashamed of the murder of King Xue of Goguryeo (the twenty-seventh Gao Jianwu). Moreover, the world is unified, and the four directions are safe and peaceful. Only this corner has not yet been settled, so in our Before I get too old, use the remaining energy of intellectuals to subdue it. Since I left Luoyang, I have only eaten meat and rice, and I am not even allowed to supply vegetables produced in spring, for fear of disturbing the people!" Seeing the sick soldiers, Li Shimin summoned Before the throne, he was comforted and encouraged, and he was handed over to the state and county governments to take care of the medical treatment. The soldiers were all moved and joyful.Some people whose names were not included in the roster of the expeditionary army, but who carried armor and weapons and volunteered to join the army, the number was counted in thousands. They said: "I don't ask the emperor to reward officials and titles, but I only hope to die for the empire in Liaodong." Li Shimin disagreed. Li Shimin will set off from Dingzhou. Prince Li Zhi has been crying for several days.Li Shimin said: "I will leave you to guard Dingzhou today, and I will specially select outstanding talents to be your assistant. I plan to let the world know your demeanor. The most important thing to govern the empire is to promote the capable, eliminate the corrupt, reward the good, and punish the evil." , everything must be impartial and selfless, you should work hard to practice, why are you crying when you are sad!" Ordered Kaifu Yitong Sansi (Wen Sanguan first level, Cong Yipin) Gao Shilian to take charge of the prince and Taifu (photographing the prince and Taifu, one of the three teachers of the prince 2), together with the Chief Superintendent (Shizhong) Liu Ji, the temporary Supreme Legislative Chief (Shouzhong Shuling) Ma Zhou, the Deputy Director of the Taiwomen (Shao Zhanshi) Zhang Xingcheng, and the Director of Taiwomen Affairs (right concubine) Gao Jifu Responsible for confidentiality, assisting Prince Li Zhi.Situ (the second of the Three Dukes), Sun Wuji, the eldest son, Cen Wenwen, the Supreme Legislator (Zhongshu Ling), and Yang Shidao, Minister of Civil Affairs of the State Council (Shangshu of the Ministry of Officials), accompanied Li Shimin on the expedition. On March 24th, Li Shimin set off from Dingzhou, wearing a bow and arrow on his body, and tied his raincoat behind the saddle with his own hands.The eldest Sun Wuji was ordered to act as the Supreme Superintendent (Photographer), and Yang Shidao was appointed as the Supreme Legislative Chief (Photographer). Li Shiji, the commander-in-chief of the Liaodong Corps (Chief Officer of the Liaodong Road March), led his troops from Liucheng (the county where the Yingzhou Prefecture Government is located · Chaoyang City, Liaoning Province), bluffing, claiming to pass through Huaiyuan Town (Liaozhong County, Liaoning Province), but Secretly marched to the north, pointing directly at the corridor (the expeditionary army of the Sui Dynasty built a pontoon bridge on the Liaohe River, called "the corridor", refer to March 612), which was completely unexpected by the Goguryeo army. In summer, on April 1st, Li Shiji crossed the Liaohe River from Tongding Town (east of Xinmin City, Liaoning Province) and advanced to Xuantu (Shenyang City, Liaoning Province).The Goguryeo Kingdom (capital Pyongyang) was shocked, and all the cities in the territory were closed and guarded. On April 5th, Li Daozong, the deputy commander-in-chief of the Liaodong Corps of the Tang Dynasty Expeditionary Army (deputy commander-in-chief of Liaodong Province), Li Daozong, king of Jiangxia, led thousands of soldiers, and arrived in Xincheng (north of Fushun City, Liaoning Province). ) Cao Sanliang led more than ten cavalrymen, and went straight to the city gate. The Goguryeo defenders in the city were terrified and commotion, and no one dared to come out to fight.Zhang Jian, commander-in-chief of the Yingzhou Military Region (headquartered in Chaoyang City, Liaoning Province) (the governor of Yingzhou), led the barbarian tribal army as the vanguard, crossed the Liao River, marched straight to Jian'an City (Gaizhou City, Liaoning Province), and defeated the Goguryeo army. Kill thousands of people. 5. Prince Li Zhi invited Gao Shilian to sit with him to handle official business, and ordered to set up a table for Gao Shilian beside the throne, but Gao Shilian resolutely declined. 6. On April 10, Li Shimin set off from Youzhou. Li Shimin handed over all the military supplies, fodder, weapons and paperwork to Cen Wenwen.Cen Wenwen devoted himself day and night, handling the details personally, never leaving his abacus and pen and ink in his hands, exhausted his physical strength, and even spoke and behaved very differently from usual.Li Shimin was very sad when he saw it, and said to the left and right officials: "Benwen came out with me, I'm afraid I can't go back with me." On the same day, Cen Wenwen suddenly fell ill and died immediately (at the age of 51).At night, Li Shimin heard the sound of drumming in the army and said: "The text is dead. I can't bear to listen to it anymore. Tell them to stop." Confidential; after the death of Cen Wenwen, Li Shimin summoned Xu Jingzong and ordered him to retain his post and act as the deputy legislator of the Legislative Yuan (the secretary of the school). On April 15th, the coalition forces of Li Shiji and Jiangxia King Li Daozong attacked Gaimu City (Fushun City, Liaoning Province) of the Kingdom of Goguryeo. On April 20, Li Shimin arrived in Beiping (that is, Pingzhou Lulong County, Hebei Province). 四月二十六日，李世勣等攻陷盖牟城，俘虏二万余人、粮食十余万石。 唐朝远征军平壤兵团总司令官（平壤道忏军大总管）张亮，率舰队从东莱（即莱州·山东省莱州市）开航北上，横渡渤海海峡，袭击卑沙城（辽宁省大连市），卑沙城四面悬崖绝壁，只有西门可以攀登。右骁卫（卫军第六军）将军程名振率军于夜晚抵达，副总司令（副总管）王文度首先爬城。 五月二日，攻陷卑沙城，俘虏男女八千人。张亮派总司令（总管）丘孝忠等进抵鸭绿江口，炫耀军威。 李世勣南下抵达辽东（辽宁省辽阳市）城下。 五月三日，李世民抵达辽泽（辽宁省辽阳市西），进入广达二百余里的泥沼地带，人马无法通过。建筑部长（将作大匠）阎立德运来干土，铺出一条道路，大军丝毫没有受到阻留。 五月五日，李世民穿过泥沼地带，抵达东岸。 五月八日，高句丽步骑混合兵团四万人，援救辽东，江夏王李道宗率骑兵四千人截击；军中都认为兵力悬殊太大，不如挖深壕沟，增高营垒，等候皇上驾到。李道宗说：“盗贼（高句丽军）仗恃他们人多，对我们有点轻视，而且远道而来，身心都疲倦不堪；如果迎击，他们一定失败。我们担任前锋，应当扫清道路，等候皇上驾到，怎么能把盗贼留给君王！”李世勣同意，平民征兵府副司令（果毅都尉）马文举说：“不遇到强大敌人，怎么能显示壮士的勇敢！”说完鞭打战马，直冲高句丽军营阵，所到之处，敌人纷纷栽倒，远征军人心稍微安定。霎时间，两国大军开始会战，兵团总司令（行军总管）张君乂后退，远征军形势不利。李道宗集合残兵败将，登上高处眺望，发现高句丽营阵大乱，李道宗急率精锐骑兵数十人，奋勇杀入，左冲右突；李世勛率军支援，高句丽兵团溃败，阵亡一千余人。 五月十日，李世民渡过辽河，撤除桥梁，表示不胜不归，用以激励士气，在马首山（辽宁省辽阳市西）扎营，慰劳赏赐江夏王李道宗，越级擢升马文举当贵族征兵府司令（中郎将），斩张君乂。李世民亲自率骑兵数百人，抵达辽东城下，看到士卒背负泥土，填塞壕沟（护城河），李世民命一位背负最多的士卒分一部分给自己，载在马上，随从官员于是抢着背负泥土，运到城下。李世勣下令猛烈攻击，日夜不停，历时十二天，李世民亲自率精锐士兵增援，把辽东城包围数百里，战鼓声、呐喊声，声震天地。 五月十七日，南风大起，李世民派勇士爬上冲竿顶端，纵火焚烧西南城楼，大火蔓延到内城，远征军将士遂攀登城墙，高句丽军竭力抵抗，但不能阻挡，遂告陷落。高句丽军一万余人被杀，全副武装士卒一万余人及平民四万人被俘。唐朝政府在辽东城设置辽州。 五月二十八日，远征军进抵白岩城（辽宁省灯塔市西）。 五月二十九日，右卫（卫军第二军）大将军李思摩（阿史那思摩）中箭，李世民亲自为他吸出淤血；将士们听到这个消息，没有人不感动。高句丽乌骨城（辽宁省凤城市）派军一万余人，北上救援白岩城；右骁卫（卫军第六军）大将军契苾何力率骁勇骑兵八百名迎击，契苾何力冲锋陷阵，腰部被长矛刺中，宫廷总管府车轿管理官（尚辇奉御·从五品上）薛万备，匹马单枪，杀入敌阵抢救，在千军万马中把契苾何力救出。契苾何力火冒三丈，把伤口裹住，翻身上马再战，随从的骑兵奋勇进攻，遂击破高句丽援军，唐朝远征军追逐数十里，杀一千余人。正巧天黑，两国各自收兵。薛万备，是薛万彻的老弟（薛万彻，参考六一八年十二月十三日）。 六月一日，李世勣进击白岩城西南城，李世民亲到西北观战。白岩城城防司令（城主）孙代音秘密派出心腹使节，请求投降，唐朝远征军抵达城下时，孙代音把刀斧投下来，作为信誓，并且说：“我愿意投降，但城里有人不肯。”李世民把唐朝远征军旗帜交给使节，说：“一定投降的话，把它插到城墙上。”孙代音照办，城中守军认为唐朝军队已经登城，遂全体追随城防司令投降。 李世民攻陷辽东城时，白岩城首先请求投降，可是不久就又后悔。李世民对这种反复无常的行动大为愤怒，下令说：“攻破城池，男女老幼、生命财产，全部赏赐给战士！”可是后来，李世民仍是接受他们投降，李世勣率数十位将领请求说：“士卒所以争先恐后，冒着乱箭飞石，不顾死活，冲锋陷阵，为的是抢夺男女和金银珍宝，而今，城池眼看就要攻克，为什么还要接受他们投降，使战士们失望！”李世民下马道歉说：“将军的话很对，然而，放纵士卒杀人，掳掠他们的妻子儿女，我于心不忍。将军部下有功的，我用国库里的东西赏赐，希望因将军的宽恕，饶过一城生灵。”李世勣才告退。白岩城男女一万余人，李世民在河旁设立篷帐，接受投降，供应饮食，八十岁以上的老人，更分别等差，赏赐绸缎。其他各地派到白岩城协防的高句丽军队，李世民都一一安慰，向他们解释唐朝远征军的任务，发给他们粮食、工具，随他们的意散去。 最初，辽东地方政府秘书长（长史）被部下谋杀；他的侍从官（省事）保护秘书长的妻子儿女逃奔白岩。等白岩城投降，李世民怜悯秘书长的遭遇，敬重侍从官的道义，赏赐给他绸缎五匹，并给秘书长制造柩车，送回平壤。在白岩城设置岩州，命孙代音当州长。 契苾何力伤势严重，李世民亲自给他敷药，在俘虏中找出刺伤契苾何力的高句丽战士高突勃，交付给契苾何力，让他亲自动手报复。契苾何力说：“他为他的国家冒犯刀锋作战，把我刺中，乃是忠勇之士，我们互不相识，并不是出于私人怨恨。”遂将高突勃释放。（像契苾何力，才是英雄！） 最初，高句丽王国中央执政官（莫离支）渊盖苏文派加尸城（朝鲜平壤市西南）民兵士卒七千人，驻防盖牟城，李世勣把他们全部俘虏，他们请求参加唐朝远征军，李世民说：“你们家人都在加尸城，如果为大唐效力，盖苏文（渊盖苏文）一定屠杀你们的妻子儿女，得到一个人的服役，而毁灭一家人的性命，我不忍心。” 六月二日，李世民送给他们粮食，全体遣送回国。 六月三日，李世民在盖牟城设盖州。 六月十一日，李世民从辽东城南下。 六月二十日，李世民抵达安市城（辽宁省海城市），挥军攻城。 六月二十一日，高句丽王国北部总督（耨萨）高延寿、高惠真率领高句丽军及靺鞨部落军（黑龙江下游）十五万人，向安市城增援。李世民对侍从官员说：“高延寿有三种选择：一是率军一直前进，和安市城联结营垒，据守高山险要，依靠城里的粮食供应，放出靺鞨部落军掠夺我们的牛马。我们进攻不能立即攻克，撤退又受泥沼地带阻隔，势将坐在这里受困，这是上策。其次是救出城中军民，一起撤退，这是中策。如果不衡量自己的智慧能力，打算跟我们在战场上见一高下，将是下策。你们可以观察，他们一定使用下策，我已看见他们被生擒活捉。” 高句丽军的一位行政官（对卢），年纪很老，经验丰富，警告高延寿说：“李世民对内像割草一样，割除群雄，对外使四方蛮夷信服，独立为帝，是一位盖世英才，而今又倾全国之力而来，我们无法抵御。依我的建议，最好是固守阵地，避免会战，等拖延一段时间，分别派出奇袭部队，切断他们的运输线，粮食一旦吃光，想作战没有人跟他作战，想退走又没有道路，我们才可以获胜。”高延寿不接受，率军前进，距安市城四十里。李世民仍恐怕他逡巡逗留，命左卫（卫军第一军）大将军阿史那社尔，率突厥骑兵一千名前往诱敌，两军刚刚接触，突厥骑兵即向后逃走。高句丽军互相说：“太容易对付了！”争先恐后乘胜追击，直抵安市城东南八里，紧靠山麓，筑营结阵。 李世民举行扩大军事会议，讨论对策，司徒（三公之二）长孙无忌回答说：“我听说，面对敌人，会战将要开始时，一定要观看士卒的情绪。我刚才经过各营，看见士卒们听说高句丽军抵达，都拔出佩刀，修理旗帜，满脸兴奋喜悦，这是一定可以打胜仗的战士。陛下少年时就投入战场，凡是出奇制胜的谋略，都作英明指示，各将领遵照命令行事而已。今天的情形相同，请陛下吩咐！”李世民笑说：“各位既然如此谦虚，先让我发言，我就跟各位一同研究。”乃跟长孙无忌等，率骑兵数百人，登上高冈眺望，观察山川形势，评估可以设置伏兵及可以发动攻击的通道。高句丽军及靺鞨部落军，联合建立阵地，长达四十里。江夏王李道宗建议说：“高句丽出动全国兵力抵抗王师，首都平壤的防守一定薄弱，请交给我精锐士兵五千人，先行摧毁他们的根据地，则即令是数十万部众，也可以不战而降。”李世民没有反应；派使节告诉高延寿说：“我因为你们国家乱臣贼子谋杀君王，所以兴师问罪。至于两国交战，不是我的本意。大军进入你们国境之后，粮秣来不及供应，不得不夺取几个城池，等你们国家恢复臣属的礼貌，这些城池都会交还。”高延寿相信，不再戒备。 李世民于夜晚召集各军事将领，询问他们的意见，命辽东兵团总司令官（辽东道行军大总管）李世勣率步骑兵一万五千人，在西岭构筑阵地；长孙无忌率精锐士兵一万一千人，负责机动任务，从山北狭谷出击，猛冲高句丽军的后卫；李世民亲率步骑兵四千人，暗中携带战鼓号角，藏起旗帜，登上北山；下令各路兵马听到战鼓号角声响，一起出动攻击，命有关官员在行宫宝殿的旁边，设置受降篷帐。 六月二十二日，高延寿等发现李世勣构筑阵地，下令紧急备战，打算攻击。李世民看见长孙无忌军扬起灰尘，立即下令擂动战鼓，吹起号角，竖起所有旗帜，各路兵马在震天鼓角声中，嘶叫呐喊，同时并进，高延寿等大为恐惧，打算分兵抵抗，可是营阵已乱，正巧天际响起隆隆巨雷，闪电耀眼，唐朝远征军战士、龙门（山西省河津县）人薛仁贵身穿奇形怪状衣服，大声呼号，攻陷敌人营阵，所到之处，没有人能够抵挡，高句丽军纷纷败退，远征军主力乘势投入，高句丽军霎时崩溃，阵亡二万余人。李世民望到薛仁贵表现，即行召见，命他当游击将军（武散官十五级·从五品下）。薛仁贵，是薛安都的六世孙（薛安都，参考四四六年正月），名薛礼，但以别号薛仁贵行世。 高延寿等率残余部众靠山扎营，加强防守。李世民命各路兵马展开包围，长孙无忌更破坏所有桥梁，断绝高句丽军退路。 六月二十三日，高延寿、高惠真率部众三万六千八百人，请求投降；高延寿、高惠真等进入军营大门，双膝跪地，爬到御座之前，匍匐叩头，请求宽恕。李世民说：“你们这些东方蛮夷少年，在海边横行霸道，倒也威风凛凛，至于摧毁坚强防御工程，战场上一决胜负，当然不如老人！自今以后，还敢不敢跟天子较量！”大家匍匐地面，不能回答。李世民遴选总督（耨萨）以下酋长三千五百人，分别加授给他们唐朝武职散官，押送中国国内；其他官兵全部释放，命他们返回平壤，众人一齐举起双手跪下，用前额叩地，欢呼声音传到数十里以外。但对生擒的靺鞨部落军三千三百人，则全部坑杀。唐朝远征军俘获马五万匹、牛五万头、铠甲一万件，其他战利品跟此相等。高句丽全国震惊，后黄城、银城（二城地望均地在今辽宁省岫岩县北）守军纷纷弃城逃走，数百里之间，没有人烟。 李世民用驿马车报捷给太子李治，并写信给高士廉等，说：“我当将领，表现如此，怎么样？”把他驻扎的那座山（六山·辽宁省辽阳市西），改名驻跸山。 秋季，七月五日，李世民把御营迁到安市城东岭。 七月十三日，李世民下诏命在阵亡将士尸体上做出标帜，准备班师时携带同归。 七月二十二日，李世民任命高延寿当藩属事务部长（鸿胪卿），高惠真当农林部长（司农卿）。 平壤兵团总司令官张亮率军经过建安（辽宁省盖州市）城下时，所筑营垒还没有坚固，士卒又很多出去喂马、砍柴，而高句丽军忽然涌到，远征军惊恐骚动，张亮一向胆小如鼠，吓得魂飞天外，呆坐在小凳上，两眼发直，一句话也说不出，将士们看到，误认为他真勇敢。副总司令官（副大总管）张金树等，擂起战鼓，下令紧急戒备，出动迎击，把高句丽军击破。 八月八日，远征军斥候捕获高句丽中央执政官（莫离支）的情报员高竹离，双手绑在背后，押送御营大门。李世民召见，松开他的捆绑，问道：“你为什么这样瘦？”高竹离说：“在小路上摸索前进，几天没有吃饭。”李世民命赏赐给他饮食，对他说：“你既然是情报员，应该迅速回去报告。代我告诉中央执政官（莫离支渊盖苏文），如果想知道军事消息，可以派使节直接到我这里，何必走小路那么辛苦！”高竹离赤着双脚，李世民命发给他草鞋，放他回去。 八月十日，李世民把御营迁到安市城城南。李世民在高句丽境内，每次扎营，只注意派出大量斥候，而从不兴筑堡垒，挖掘壕沟，即令逼近城池，高句丽军也始终不敢出城反击，士卒来来往往，或在荒野住宿，都是单人匹马，好像在唐朝境内一样。 7、李世民大规模动员准备进攻高句丽王国时，薛延陀汗国（蒙古国西南部）的使节正巧前来进贡，李世民对他说：“回去告诉你们可汗，如今，我父子东征高句丽，他如果觉得有能力乘虚而入的话，欢迎他来！”真珠可汗（二任大可汗）薛夷男惊惶恐惧，再派使节到唐朝道歉，表示友好，声称愿派军参战，李世民不允许。后来，驻跸山（六山）之役，高句丽军溃散，高句丽中央执政官渊盖苏文通过靺鞨部落，游说薛夷男南下攻击唐朝心脏，承诺付给丰富的利益，薛夷男震于唐朝声势，不敢发动。 九月七日，薛夷男逝世，李世民为他举行哀悼大典。 最先，薛夷男请求唐朝同意，封他的庶长子薛曳莽当突利失可汗（小可汗），驻防汗国东部，统御各种族部落；封他的嫡子薛拔灼当肆叶护可汗（小可汗），驻防汗国西部，统御皇家所属的薛延陀部落；李世民下诏批准，并分别用隆重的仪式册封。薛曳莽性情暴躁，烦扰不宁，动不动就出动军队，跟薛拔灼感情不睦。老爹薛夷男逝世，二人都到王庭（设蒙古国哈尔和林市）奔丧，安葬完毕后，薛曳莽恐怕老弟薛拔灼谋害自己，先回东部防区，薛拔灼追赶袭击，把他诛杀，薛拔灼遂自称颉利俱利薛沙多弥可汗（三任大可汗）。 8、李世民攻克白岩城时，对李世勣说：“我听说安市城池险要，守军精锐，城防司令（城主）智勇双全，盖苏文（渊盖苏文）发动政变时（参考六四二年十一月），这位城防司令拒不承认，盖苏文发动攻击，不能攻克，只好仍由他驻防安市。建安守军人少势弱，如果出其不意发动袭击，一定可以攻克。你可先攻建安，建安攻下，安市就被吞在肚子里，这正是《孙子兵法》所说的：'对于城池，有些不必攻击。'”李世勣回答说：“建安在南，安市在北，我们的军粮更在东北的辽东。而今越过安市进攻建安，如果安市守军出击，切断我们的运输线，将怎么办？不如先攻安市，安市攻取后，在战鼓声中南下，就可夺取建安！”李世民说：“我任命你当大将，怎么能不尊重你的战略，只要不耽误我的事就行。”李世勣遂攻安市。 安市守军望到唐朝皇帝御用的旗帜，就在城墙上跳起来高声呼喊诟骂。李世民大怒，李世勣请在攻克城池之后，城中男女全部坑杀。安市人听到这个消息，防守更是严密，远征军进攻很久，无法攻克。高延寿、高惠真向李世民建议说：“我们既然把性命托付给大唐，不敢不献出诚心，盼望天子早日成功，我们也可以跟妻子儿女团聚。安市人为了保护他们的家人，每个人誓死奋战，不容易马上攻克。而今，我率高句丽军十余万人，望到远征军旗帜，就沮丧溃败，国人已经心碎胆破。乌骨城守军总督，年老智昏，决不能坚守到底，如果大军转移阵地，进逼乌骨城，早上抵达，晚上就可夺取。剩下来沿途一些小城小镇，一定望风瓦解。然后，接受各城留下来的物资粮秣，擂动战鼓前进，平壤决不能守。”文武官员也说：“张亮大军在卑沙城，下令调动，两天就可来到（此时各人未知张亮大军已前进至建安）。趁着高句丽全国震恐之际，倾全力夺取乌骨城，渡鸭绿江，直扑平壤，就会在这次行动中成功。”李世民打算接受，只长孙无忌反对，说：“天子御驾亲征，跟一个普通将领不同，不可以冒险侥幸。而今，建安、新城的蛮虏仍有十万人之多，如果攻击乌骨，两城守军势将抄我们后路。不如先击破安市，攻取建安，然后长驱而入，才是万无一失的谋略。”李世民因此停止。（胡三省注：“李世民平定天下，都靠出奇制胜，只辽东战役，打算用万无一失的手段去制伏敌人，所以不能成功。”） 远征各军猛烈攻击安市，李世民听到城里有鸡和猪的叫声，对李世勣说：“围城已久，城里的烟火渐少，而今鸡猪的叫声震耳，定是犒劳战士，准备夜晚出击，应该严密戒备。”当天夜晚，高句丽守军数百人，从城上缒下，李世民接到报告，亲自抵达城下，集结部队急行攻击，杀数十人，残余的高句丽军退回城中。 江夏王李道宗督促士卒在安市东南角兴筑土山，进逼城池，安市守军也增加城墙高度抗拒。远征军士卒轮流出阵，每天有六七次会战，冲锋战车发射出的石炮击碎城楼，城中守军立即筑起木栅，塞住缺口。李道宗脚部扭伤，李世民亲自为他针灸。远征军土山不断扩张及增高，六十天之久，日夜不停，共用五十万工，土山顶距安市城墙数丈，向下眺望城中，一览无遗。李道