Chapter 52 Chapter 51: From the Rise of Manchuria to the Passage

The Manchurians were divided into three tribes in the Ming Dynasty: one was Haixi Jurchen, the other was Jianzhou Jurchen, and the third was Savage Jurchen.Since the savage Jurchen lived in the Heilongjiang River Basin, which is the farthest from the Central Plains, they did not often come to pay tribute. However, the Jurchen from the first two tribes came to pay tribute every year in the Ming Dynasty. The ancestor of Jianzhou Jurchen was killed by Li Chengliang, a famous general, in the year following the death of Zhang Juzheng in the 11th year of Wanli, and he became enemies with the Ming Dynasty.

In the forty-fourth year of Wanli, he founded the Houjin Khanate, rode 20,000 on foot, and promoted the division to violate the Ming Dynasty.Ming Dynasty sent troops to discuss it.60,000 soldiers in each route, a total of 240,000 soldiers.Nurhachi defeated the Ming army at Sarhu Mountain with 45,000 people under the Six Banners. More than 300 Ming generals died and more than 45,000 soldiers died.Ming took the risk of underestimating the enemy and suffered a disastrous defeat.So the Ming Dynasty used Xiong Tingbi to manage Liaodong.Ting Bi tried his best to defend the defense, and Manchuria did not dare to send troops easily, but Xiong resigned a year later and was succeeded by Yuan Yingtai, so he lost Liaoyang.

In the Ming Dynasty, Xiong Tingbi was used again, which could have stabilized the territory. Unfortunately, Wang Huazhen, the governor of Guangning, was in charge of the battle, and he disagreed with Xiong Zhishou, which affected the strategy. Ningyuan. At that time, Jin established his capital in Shenyang, and took the opportunity to attack westward with 100,000 soldiers. Chonghuan defeated him, and Nurhachi was wounded and died.So Jin Taizu's four sons established themselves as Taizong, led his troops to attack Ningyuan again, and defeated Ming again.Ming people called it "Ningjin Great Victory".

At this time, because of his displeasure with Wei Zhongxian, Tingbi was impeached again and replaced by a king's minister.Huixi Zong collapsed, Yi Zongli, Wei Zhongxian was executed.Yuan Chonghuan was reinstated, and bandits rose during this period. Later, Manchurian soldiers entered the pass again, and Yuan Chonghuan was rebelled and imprisoned and died, which enabled Manchuria to directly harass Shanxi and Zhili.At this time, Manchuria changed its name to the Qing Dynasty, and the traitors and traitors of the Qing Dynasty were surrendered, so the Qing soldiers entered the pass four times. At that time, Hong Chengchou was the governor of Jiliao, and he was defeated and surrendered.

At the same time, the rogue bandits were trapped in Beijing, and Wu Sangui opened the Shanhai Pass to welcome the Qing soldiers into the pass.At this time, the Qing people only took 30 years to enter and break Beijing. The reason is: after the middle age of Wanli, the Ming government was corrupt, the military equipment was slack, and the enemy was underestimated; Chaos and incomprehension; the opinions of the courtiers were mixed and misunderstood; coupled with the civil strife among the rogues, the court officers and soldiers successively surrendered tens to millions of people, and Ming An survived.