Chapter 35 Chapter Thirty-Four

The regime of the Southern Song Dynasty has always been a traditional Chinese politics, but it declined from prosperity, and then moved from the north to the south to the Jianghuai River Basin, resulting in its collapse. The Mongols came to rule China, which was the first time that China's ruling power fell into the hands of a foreign race.Immediately there was a big change in China's political society. The Mongolian soldiers shook Europe and Asia, and Mongolia was invincible. This time, it was the first time for Mongolia to encounter a Chinese opponent. Therefore, Mongolia gradually deployed and finally annexed the whole of China.At this time, it is the harbinger of the Yuan and Ming dynasties.

From Genghis Khan to Kublai Khan's extermination of Song Dynasty in Yuan Dynasty, there were five generations, which lasted seventy-four years.At that time, China was divided into Song, Jin, and Xia. The Yuan people used troops to destroy the Jin first, then pacify the Xia, and then take the south bank of the Golden River, and then the Yangtze River and the southern land, and destroyed the Song Dynasty.It took a lot of effort to eliminate the above three departments in Yuan Dynasty. Genghis Khan failed to destroy gold and collapsed.Six years later, Yuan Cai captured Bianjing, which was occupied by Jin.At the beginning, Jin Aizong fled to Caizhou, Song soldiers and Mongolian army encircled him, and Jin died after a year.Later, Mongolia and Song Dynasty turned against each other, and Mongolia only captured one city of Xiangyang in six years.After that, it took another six years to destroy the Song Dynasty.

China has a vast territory and a large population, and the Mongolian conquest of China was one of the most difficult hurdles.Since then, Mongolia has mobilized part of the army to rule China in the Song Dynasty, which lasted for more than 100 years.Yuanzhi entered China, and there were eleven emperors, one hundred and nine years. In the first 30 years when the ancestors of the Yuan Dynasty ruled China, they used troops almost every year. In the 16th year when the ancestors of the Yuan Dynasty destroyed the Southern Song Dynasty, there were still 15 years left.Moreover, there was no perfect system for the succession of the throne in the Yuan Dynasty, and it all depended on the support of the kings and ministers, so disputes easily arose.

Before the Yuan Dynasty took over China, it already owned Europe and Asia, including the four major khanates.Therefore, when he came to China, he only focused on the wealth of the people in China, and did not pay attention to the rule of law.None of the ministers ruling the provinces of China has a good command of Chinese language.The governance method is very different from the traditional Chinese political system. First of all, Yuanmeng is divided into political levels, and all status is unequal.The Yuan Dynasty divided the people into four classes: (1) Mongols (2) Semu people include more than 30 tribes in the Western Regions

(3) Han people from the Central Plains of the Yellow River Basin (4) People from the Yangtze River Valley and the Central Plains in the south, that is, people from the four different classes in the Song Dynasty, were treated differently. Han people and southerners are not allowed to be officials, and Han people are not allowed to be prime ministers, left and right prime ministers, or participate in political affairs and other official positions. During the reign of Emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty, there were Han people who entered Taiwan to serve as officials.After Chengzong, there were Han Chinese in Taiwan Province, but no Southerners.That is to say, the hierarchy is very strict, and there is some discrimination against Han Chinese and Southerners.

From Yuan Shundi to Zhengzheng thirteen years, the Jianghuai army rose up, so he was appointed as a southerner. According to the ancestors of the Yuan Dynasty, he could be an official of Tai Yu Shi Tai, Provincial Zhong Shu Sheng, and Yuan Privy Council. As for the local chief executive, they were all hereditary from the Yuan people. Officials in prefectures and counties are promoted by generals, and most county lieutenants belong to Semu people. Because they don't know Chinese, thieves harass Dasheng. If Han people and Southerners want to seek low-level jobs in prefectures and counties, they can be promoted by accepting millet and gaining merit.The rich use this to gain access to low-ranking officials in states and counties.

To put it simply, the people of the Yuan Dynasty held a discriminatory attitude towards the Han people and the Southerners, and they did not want to rectify the cultural governance, so they did not make good use of the Han Chinese and the Southerners. and collection of taxes.