Chapter 18 Chapter 17 Wuhu Sinicization

The Sinicization of the Xianbei is the most successful group among the Wuhu Sinicization, because it is located in the agricultural area in the northeast, so it is easy to Sinicize.Later, the Northern Wei Dynasty was established, the sixteen countries were unified, and the capital was established in Pingcheng, Shanxi Datong.Yanmen Pass is beyond the Great Wall. China's national defense line, Hebei Province has only one, through Shanhaiguan to Nankou.There are two in Shanxi, one is Yanmen Pass, and the outside is Daqing Mountain, so Shanxi is easier to defend than Hebei.The cultural area is in Luoyang, which was once operated in the Eastern Han and Western Jin Dynasties.However, after Dong Zhuo's rebellion, it was abolished by Liu Yuan and Shi Le.

Fu Jian established Chang'an as his capital, and a large number of Chinese fled to Gansu, Ningxia, Wuliang and other northwest regions, which was called "Jiangnan beyond the Great Wall".The scholar-bureaucrats took refuge in Wuliang, and those who took refuge in the Northeast cooperated with the Xianbei people, and later captured Wuliang, so all Chinese intellectuals cooperated with the Xianbei people.With this condition, Sinicization is particularly high.Later, Emperor Wei Xiaowen came out, who strongly advocated Sinicization.After he became emperor, his mother was regent, and he was in charge at the age of twenty-five.His first major policy was to move the capital to Datong.Datong has the Yungang Grottoes, which have a lot to do with religious art.Due to the cold weather in Datong, the place is too small, there is little arable land, and it has the ambition to unify China, Nanjing is too far away, and the capital is moved to Luoyang.But people were unwilling to move the capital, and wanted to live in peace in Datong, and the Luoyang area was hot and humid, so everyone opposed it.So Emperor Xiaowen of Wei proposed the Southern Expedition, and he led his troops to conquer in person. At the time, Emperor Xiaowen was twenty-seven years old, and everyone did not object.When it arrived in Luoyang, it rained heavily, and the imperial court could not object, so the capital was moved to Luoyang.The most important thing is to promote Sinicization during this period.Thereupon it was decreed that:

First, prohibit Xianbei people from wearing Hu clothes. Second, it is forbidden to speak the northern language and Hu dialect.At that time, Li Chong, a Chinese scholar, said: "How can you know who is right in the words of the four directions? It means that who speaks the right words is not certain. What the emperor says is correct! It means that what the emperor said is the standard. "Emperor Wei Xiaowen said: "Your words have committed a capital crime." It can be seen that Emperor Wei Xiaowen worked hard to promote Sinicization. Third, people from the Northern Wei Dynasty were forbidden to be buried.Wherever you die, you will be buried there, so that everyone can live in Luoyang with peace of mind.

Fourth, change the Xianbei surname.Xiaowen's surname was Tuoba, but he changed his surname to Yuan and called it Yuan Wei.Later, Yuan Zhen, who was as famous as Bai Letian, was a descendant of Xianbei.There is another surnamed Changsun. In Tang Dynasty, there was Changsun Wuji.There are 11,12 surnames in total, all of which are changed to Chinese surnames.Among them, there were many great figures in the Tang Dynasty. Fifth, reward Xianbei people for intermarriage with Chinese and advocate mixed Sinicization.Xiaowen himself has four concubines, namely the Wang family of Taiyuan, the Zheng family of Xingyang, the Cui family of Qinghe and the Lu family of Fanyang.The above is a well-known big family in the north, Cui Yingying's mother is the Zheng family.At that time, many Xianbei people opposed it, and his son didn't like it, and he opposed leaving Datong because he could hunt in the north and didn't like to wear fancy clothes.

Emperor Wei Xiaowen used many Chinese scholar-bureaucrats, and built a new Luoyang.The book "Luoyang Jialan Ji" handed down in China today, specifically talks about the many temples in Luoyang. It can be seen that the appearance of the entire city of Luoyang is comparable to the famous towns of Paris and Berlin in the West today. Emperor Wei Xiaowen went south at the age of 27 and moved the capital at the age of 29. He was a young emperor.It's a pity that he didn't live long, and died at the age of thirty-three.If we live for a few more decades, China may be unified, and history may become another style.

After Wei Xiaowen's Sinicization, the people of Xianbei changed and lived a luxurious and comfortable life. After Xianbei moved inland, another group of foreign Rouran tribe invaded, so troops were stationed in the north to guard against foreign tribes, and those who stayed were all royal families.Therefore, those in the south became well-educated literati, while those in the north were still martial and outsiders, so the family was divided into two different groups.The two were dwarfed by each other, which caused dissatisfaction among the Xianbei people in the north, and later the Xianbei people in the south were defeated.The same is true of the division of society into two opposing groups today.Therefore, among a nation, those with high culture should not be highlighted, and people with low culture should not be looked down upon.So the northerners invaded Luoyang, and the turbid stream entered the clear stream.

Emperor Wei Xiaowen's ideals were not bad, but it only lasted five years. Later generations only learned the enjoyment of life, but did not learn the way of Confucius and Mencius.Today we can learn from the strengths of Europeans, but it is too superficial to only learn how to ride a car, wear a suit, and eat Western food. We should learn from their excellence at the same time. The Yuan Wei was later divided into the Eastern Wei and Northern Qi and the Western Wei and Northern Zhou. Later, the Northern Zhou destroyed the Northern Qi, and the north was reunified, and the Northern Zhou continued to be sinicized.

The Hu people's revival of China still depends on Sinicization. After the Northern Wei Dynasty, it was divided into Eastern and Western Wei.The Eastern Wei usurped the throne for Gao Huan, called Northern Qi, and moved the capital to Ye; the Western Wei usurped the throne for Yu Wentai, called Northern Zhou.Northern Qi was rich and big, while Northern Zhou was small and poor, but the Sinicization was relatively high. Yu Wentai appointed Su Chuo as Prime Minister of the Western Wei Dynasty and asked him to reform the political system.Su Chuo was the second person to use "Zhou Li". Su Chuo had a friend named Lu Bian, and they studied "Zhou Li" together.During Fu Jian's period, an old lady was invited to give a lecture on "Zhou Li".

At that time, there was Xiong Ansheng in the Northern Qi Dynasty, who had a long history of research on "Zhou Li".When the Northern Zhou Dynasty destroyed the Northern Qi Dynasty, Xiong ordered his men to clean the hall, saying that someone would come to visit me today, and it turned out that someone came to visit. King Wu of Zhou invaded the capital of Shang Zhou, and the first order was to visit Shang Rong. Su Chuo died in his thirties. Before he died, he told his son: "There is something uneasy in my heart. The tax is increased for the sake of the country. When you are in government in the future, you should reduce the tax. Don't forget this." A financial scientist, the Sui Dynasty was the richest in China and had the lightest taxation.As long as there is a ray of light in the village, it is a light, and when it is opened, the light will come, which is called a ray of dawn.

After the Northern Zhou Dynasty destroyed the Northern Qi Dynasty, the Yang family of the Sui Dynasty usurped the throne, and then conquered the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and the Five Husbands and Disorders came to an end, and China was unified. This is the situation in the north.