Chapter 30 4. Qin Doctrine

When Qin Shihuang's body was transported to Xianyang, it had already rotted. Of course it stinks.He died in the sand dunes in July and was buried in Lishan in September.It's been such a long journey for such a long time, and it's a hot day, so it's no wonder it doesn't smell bad.Therefore, some people believe that the corpse was never transported back, and it is impossible to transport it.Those sitting in the car and buried in the emperor's mausoleum are actually doubles. Maybe, maybe. But it is certain that no matter where Qin Shihuang himself is buried, his career has not been buried.Although Zulong is dead, Qin is still alive.Liu Bang and his successors took over all the legacy of Qin Shihuang, including the territory he opened up, the system he created, the road he opened up, and the ideals behind it.

Did Qin Shihuang also have ideals? certainly. There is no evidence to prove that Qin Shihuang, who took over the world, held the founding ceremony like King Wu of Zhou.But that by no means means he is ignorant.On the contrary, Qin Shihuang clearly realized three points: first, what he did was unprecedented; second, the system he established would last; Such an ideal, isn't it lofty? No one knows why Qin Shihuang thought this way.Perhaps, as a generation who grew up in the flames of war, he has a different view on war.In his view, war is abominable; and the general root of war is the feudal system with many princes.

Was Qin Shihuang right? There is some truth to this.According to statistics, during the more than 80 years of the Spring and Autumn Period, Zheng State alone participated in more than 72 wars, and Song State participated in no less than 46 wars.They waged these wars, sometimes to obey the orders of their overlords, sometimes to defend themselves, and sometimes to invade others. Big fish eat small fish, and small fish eat dried shrimps. In fact, Spring and Autumn has no right to fight.The wars in the Spring and Autumn Period were almost all wars of aggression, especially in the Warring States Period.There are also anti-aggression wars against foreign invasion, but most of them are fighting among the Chinese people.At first, it was just striving to be the boss, but later it became an annexation of other countries.In the 80 years mentioned above, the Chu State alone wiped out Jiang, Liu (read like Lu), Liao (read like, third tone), Yong, Xiao, and Qunshu (distributed). ethnic minorities in northern Anhui Province).

Other states are also unambiguous.Qi Mielai, Qin Miehua, Lu Miezhu (read like Zhu), Ju (read like Ju) Miehao (read like Zeng).Ju was later destroyed by Chu.But at this moment, the opportunity to annex other countries is not missed. So, is this China's national conditions, or the evil of the monarchy? Not necessarily, ancient Greece, which was not a monarchy, was also full of wars.Those independent, free, and equal city-states fought like our Eastern Zhou states.In order to dominate the whole of Greece, the democratic Athens and the aristocratic Sparta broke out the famous Peloponnesian War, which lasted for 27 years, which was comparable to the Jin-Chu struggle for hegemony in our Spring and Autumn Period.

What's even more outrageous is that in order to win this cannibalism, they did not hesitate to collude with Persia, Greece's old enemy.What does this have to do with the system?What's more, Greece with the city-state system was originally an exception in world history. On the contrary, from scattered and weak tribal countries to relatively powerful independent kingdoms, and then into a unified empire through wars, is almost the common path of all nations in the world.Egypt, India, Babylon, all of them.Even Rome, although it insisted on a republic for five hundred years, finally couldn't bear it.The Greeks themselves could not complete this transformation, so the Macedonians had to do it for them.

The trend of history, probably so. Of course, Qin Shihuang had never read world history, nor would he think about the historical process of human civilization.His idea may be simple: since a monarch is indispensable, it is better to be an emperor alone than a group of people. This is Qin Shihuang's Doctrine, Qin Doctrine. The core keyword of Qinism is the emperor.Therefore, they stipulated a series of privileges and special terms for the emperor.The emperor issued instructions called Zhi, issued orders called Zhao, and called himself Zhen (the king of Zhou called Bugu, and the princes called widows).Zhan originally meant "self".Anyone could say that before, but not now.If the emperor wants to be the only one, the subjects will have no choice but to help themselves.

The question is, with the emperor, will the world be peaceful? No, on the contrary, they fought more fiercely, because being the emperor became the biggest temptation.When Zhang Ao was falsely accused of rebellion, even Empress Lu interceded, thinking that for the sake of Princess Lu Yuan, Zhang Ao should not have done so.Liu Bang said, why not?If he wins the world, there will be Princess Lu Yuan. Obviously, it is not enough to just confirm that there is only one emperor in the world, but also to ensure that the throne is indisputable.Looking at it this way, Liu Bang is completing the unfinished business of Qin Shihuang and perfecting Qinism; the misfortune of Han Xin, Peng Yue, and Yingbu is that they should not live at this turning point in history.

The massacre in the early Han Dynasty can only be understood in this way. However, Liu Bang made another mistake.He only knows how to guard against outsiders, not family thieves.After eliminating princes and kings with different surnames one by one, Liu Bang sealed their territories to his brothers and nephews.He never expected that since they were all sons and grandsons of the phoenix, these guys would rebel more confidently than those who did not have the surname Liu. What Liu Bang didn't expect, Qin Shihuang couldn't even imagine. But at last we have an emperor.He is stipulated as the eldest son of the Emperor God, who has the highest and only ruling power in the world, including decision-making power, approval power, legislative power, judicial power, supervision power and judicial power. Centralization without deductions.

Qin Shihuang's ideal was also partially realized.After Liu Bang, through the efforts of several generations, the semi-feudal system of prefectures and states was abolished, and the Han Empire fully implemented the system of prefectures and counties.Since then, the world has been peaceful for more than a hundred years.After a short period of civil war, another two hundred years of domestic peace were achieved. As for the imperial system, it lasted for 2,132 years, accounting for about six-tenths of the history of Chinese civilization. From this point of view, isn't Da Qin not dead?

Yes.A controversial statement even holds that China is actually Qin, which is the pronunciation of the word "Qin".While this cannot be confirmed, it is more symbolic than the interpretation of silk and porcelain.In fact, before the 20th century, China was indeed Qin, the Great Qin Empire not called the Great Qin Empire, and even the long or short dynasties established by ethnic minorities were no exception. what about this?

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Notes: . , Taiwan Sanmin Publishing Edition.