Chapter 23 3. The death of Shu Han

Twenty-nine years after Zhuge Liang's death, Shu fell. The direct cause of the country's subjugation was of course Cao Wei's attack.However, I am afraid that even Wei Jun did not expect that they sent troops to Luoyang in August, and killed Luo County, the gate of Chengdu, in October.Liu Chan, who has been kept in the dark, wakes up like a dream, and prepares to flee to Soochow in desperation. Qiao Zhou (Qiao read as a bridge), the doctor of Guanglu, advocated surrender. Qiao Zhou delivered a long speech at the imperial meeting.If his speech is conceived as a dialogue, it is not difficult to see his clear thinking and rigorous logic——

Throughout the ages, has anyone been able to become the emperor again by relying on others? No. Our emperor can only be a minister when he arrives in Soochow, right? yes. It's the same as being a vassal, why not choose a big country, but a small one? Speechless. Let me ask you again: Is the law of political struggle a big country annexing a small country, or a small country annexing a big country? Of course, big countries annex small countries. So, is it certain that Wei State will annex Wu State? should be. Since Wu State could not annex Wei State, it could only surrender.At that time, will we have to follow Wu Guo to surrender again?

I'm afraid it is. Is it better, then, to be disgraced twice than once? Liu Chan and his ministers had nothing to say.They have only one question left: Will Cao Wei accept our surrender? Qiao Zhou said that he dared to guarantee the ticket.He said that now Soochow has not yet surrendered, Cao Wei must accept surrender, and must accept surrender, and we must be treated politely.If you don't confer the title of land to His Majesty, I, Qiao Zhou, would like to go to the capital to argue for it. So Liu Chan opened the door and surrendered, and Cao Wei was very polite.Liu Chan was named the Duke of Anle County, with ten thousand households in Shiyi, and Qiao Zhou was also named Liehou.Of course, he must be charged with "traitorous" in history.

So, who is Qiao Zhou, and why does he want to be a "traitor"? Because he hated the Shu Han regime. Qiao Zhou, who is erudite about the past and the present, is actually a scholar who lives in peace and contentment.He was tall and unattractive, outspoken and slovenly.Therefore, everyone who saw him for the first time would laugh, and even Zhuge Liang couldn't help it. Qiao Zhou is a big fan of Zhuge Liang.Zhuge Liang died of illness in Wuzhangyuan, and he was the first one to go to the front line to attend the funeral.Moreover, because Liu Chan immediately issued a ban, he was the only one who was able to go from Chengdu to pay respects and condolences.

However, although Qiao Zhou respected Zhuge Liang, his political stance was against the Shu Han regime.Those who hold the same position include Peng Yi (read Ruyang) from Guanghan, Zhang Yu from Shu County, Du Wei from Zitong Fu County, Zhou Shu from Langzhong, Brazil, Du Qiong from Chengdu, Shu County, and Qiao Zhou from Xichong, Brazil. , all are from Yizhou. This is an alliance of Yizhou nobles who are pro-Cao and anti-Liu.Among them, Zhang Yu was killed by Liu Bei, Peng Yi was killed by Zhuge Liang, Du Wei refused to cooperate, Zhou Shu, Du Qiong and Qiao Zhou spread the saying that Cao Wei must win and Shu Han must die.

Zhou Shu and Du Qiong were the first to spread such remarks, and Qiao Zhou later became an opinion leader.He said to people, what does Liu Bei's "bei" mean?enough!What does Liu Chan's "Zen" mean?Get out!What does Cao Wei's "Cao" mean?Many, tall.Qiao Zhou said: The many and tall worlds return to their hearts; those who are already enough and ready to abdicate, what is the way out and the future? This is called: the public is big, and the meeting is expected; if it is taught, how can it be restored? Qiao Zhou's prophecy was written on the pillars in Liu Chan Palace.He also issued an anti-war manifesto entitled "Theory of Hatred of the Nation", clearly expressing his strong dissatisfaction with the Northern Expedition of Cao Wei, and claiming that if he continued to use force, he would surely kill himself.

This was Yizhou Group's public challenge to the Shuhan authorities, but Qiao Zhou was not punished, and his remarks were widely circulated.There was a market for prophecy in the Eastern Han Dynasty (please refer to the ninth volume of the History of China, "The Two Hans and Two Romes"). After Liu Chan surrendered, it was recognized that Qiao Zhou's prophecy was accurate, and the calculation was accurate. In fact, where is the calculation accurate, many people are looking forward to the victory of Cao Wei and the demise of Shu Han.It can be said that long before the army of Cao Wei came to the city, the hearts of the Shu Han Dynasty were already floating, and the Shu Han regime was already in turmoil.Qiao Zhou's persuasion and Liu Chan's surrender were nothing more than a formality.

Is it strange?Not surprisingly. A few years before Liu Chan's surrender, Xue Jue (read like this) who returned from his envoy asserted to Wu Emperor Sun Xiu that the Kingdom of Shu would surely perish.Later, when Cao Wei sent troops, a Wu man named Zhang Ti also made the same prediction.The reasons they gave are the same: the authorities are aggressive, the people are miserable, there is no voice of justice in the court, and there is no healthy face in the fields.How can such a country survive? This is backed by data.When Liu Chan surrendered, there were 280,000 households and a population of 940,000 in Shu, but there were 100,000 troops and 40,000 officials.In other words, nine people have to support one soldier, and seven households have to worship one official. The people of Shu really can't afford it!

Of course, due to Zhuge Liang's self-denial and self-denial, the Shu Han officials are generally relatively clean, but it is a pity that the common people are more concerned about having a full stomach.Belt-tightening with Mr. Kong Ming is not the life they want. The gentry and tyrants in Yizhou gritted their teeth even more.Because Zhuge Liang wants to raise military expenses, but he is unwilling to increase the burden on the ordinary people, and he must be fair and just. The result is that these people contribute the most money and effort, how can they not be resentful? What's more, they only have dedication and no return.There are basically no Yizhou people trusted and reused by Liu Bei. Although Zhuge Liang tried to be public-minded after he came to power, it was impossible to fundamentally change the established organizational line. Zhuge Liang insisted on the principle of "Jingzhou first, Dongzhou second, and Yizhou third".

Yizhou Group can only be marginalized. Obligations and rights are equal.If the contribution is the greatest and the benefit is the least, why should the Yizhou people live and die with the Shu Han regime? There are also problems with governing Shu by law.Because the gentry and tyrants in Yizhou did not have legislative power, many laws were specially used to deal with and rectify them.What's more, Shu Han's law enforcement may not all be fair.Even if Zhuge Liang unjustly killed the Changfang Zhuzi of the rich family in Yizhou, how can he ensure that other people will not abuse their power?

In short, the Yizhou gentry were excluded politically, exploited economically, sanctioned legally, and had no hope of official career.The only thing they can do is to hope that Cao Wei's army will come south to "liberate" them sooner. Interests determine the overall orientation of the Yizhou gentry. As a gentry and powerful regime, Sima Zhao's Cao Wei did not treat their class brothers far away in Yizhou.All the officials under Liu Chan who belonged to the Jingzhou Group and the Dongzhou Group were transferred back to the Central Plains, and the local officials in Yizhou were appointed by local scholars, and the Zhongzheng official who was a local celebrity was responsible for the recommendation. The wish of Yizhou natives to "govern Shu by Shu people" has come true. Liu Chan, who voluntarily surrendered, lived in Luoyang, and lived until the seventh year of Taishi in the Western Jin Dynasty (271 AD) by relying on his pretending to be crazy and heartless.At that time, even Cao Wei had perished, and Sima Yan was already the emperor. Liu Chan died later than Cao Wei. It was Zhuge Liang's son Zhuge Zhan who devoted himself to his duty and died for the country.He died in battle at the age of thirty-seven after rejecting Cao Wei's inducement to surrender.The one who died for the country without humiliation was Liu Chan's fifth son, Liu Chen.After his father decided to surrender, he ran to Liu Bei's temple and cried bitterly, killed the whole family and then committed suicide. The Shu Han died, and only the Wuhou Temple in Chengdu was visited by people every year. The couplet written by Zhao Fan is even more popular: if you can attack the heart, you will disappear on your own. It has been known since ancient times that soldiers are not belligerent; You need to think deeply about governing Shu. Can Zhuge Liang imagine all of these?