Chapter 27 Appendix Chronology of events in this volume

In 220 A.D. (the first year of Huang Chu), Cao Pi replaced Han and Wei Shi. In 226 (the seventh year of Huangchu), Cao Pi died, and his son Wei Mingdi Cao Rui succeeded to the throne. In 239 (the third year of Jingchu), Emperor Wei Ming died, and his nephew Cao Fang succeeded to the throne. Sima Yi and General Cao Shuang co-assisted the government. In 249 (the tenth year of Zhengshi), Sima Yi killed Cao Shuang in a coup, and the Cao Wei regime returned to Sima.Wang Bidi was only twenty-four years old. In 251 (the third year of Jiaping), Sima Yi died, and his son Sima Shi took power. In 254 (the sixth year of Jiaping), Sima Shi abolished Cao Fang and established Cao Mao.

In 255 (the second year of Zhengyuan), Sima Shi died, and his younger brother Sima Zhao took power. In 260 (the fifth year of Ganlu), Cao Mao defeated Sima Zhao and was killed. Sima Zhao established Cao Huan as Emperor Wei Yuan. In 263 (the fourth year of Jingyuan), Shu Han died, Ruan Ji died, and Ji Kang died. In March of 264 (the first year of Xianxi), Sima Zhao was made king of Jin by Duke Jin.In May, Sima Yi was posthumously named King Xuan, and Sima Shi was named King Jing. In August of 265 (the second year of Xianxi, the first year of Taishi in the Western Jin Dynasty), King Sima Zhao of Jin died and his son Sima Yan succeeded to the throne.In December, Emperor Wei and Yuan abdicated, and Sima Yan proclaimed himself Emperor Wu of Jin.The posthumous title of Sima Yi, king of Xuan, was Emperor Xuan, Sima Shi, king of Jing, was Emperor Jing, and Sima Zhao, king of Wen, was named Emperor Wen. According to the feudal system of the Western Zhou Dynasty, twenty-seven members of the royal family were named kings.Cao Wei died, and the Western Jin Dynasty began.

In 272 (the eighth year of Taishi), Xiang Xiu died. In 280 (the sixth year of Xianning), Wu died, Jin unified the world, and the Three Kingdoms ended. In 285 (the sixth year of Taikang), Chinese characters were introduced to Japan. In March of 290 (the first year of Yongxi), Emperor Wu of Jin Sima Yan died, and his son Sima Zhong succeeded him as Emperor Hui of Jin. In March of 291 (the first year of Yongping), Empress Jia summoned King Sima Wei of Chu to enter the court, killed Tai Fu Yang Jun, abolished Queen Mother Yang, and was assisted by Runan King Sima Liang.In June, Empress Jia accused Sima Liang of rebellion (the first of the Eight Kings Rebellion), and ordered Chu King Sima Wei to kill him, and then killed Sima Wei on the charge of coercion (the second of the Eight Kings Rebellion).

In 299 (the ninth year of Yuankang), Empress Jia accused the prince Sima Yu (read Ruyu) of rebellion, abolished him as a commoner, and killed his mother Xie Shuyuan. In 300 years (the first year of Yongkang), Zhao Wang Sima Lun (the third of the Eight Kings' Rebellion) encouraged Queen Jia to kill Sima Yu, and then launched a coup to abolish Queen Jia (who was later killed) in the name of "revenge for the prince". In 301 (the second year of Yongkang, the first year of Jianshi, and the first year of Yongning), Sima Lun abolished Emperor Hui of Jin and stood on his own. Qi Wang Sima Jiong (the fourth of the Eight Kings Rebellion) raised troops to kill Sima Lun, and Sima Zhong was restored.

In 302 (the second year of Yongning, the first year of Tai'an), Changsha King Sima Ai (the fifth of the Eight Kings' Rebellion) raised troops to kill Sima Jiong. In August of 303 (the second year of Tai'an), Sima Ying, king of Chengdu (the sixth of the Eight Kings' Rebellion), and Sima Yong, the king of Hejian (the seventh of the Eight Kings' Rebellion), launched an army to attack Sima Ai, and Sima Yong sent the governor Zhang Fang to encircle Luoyang. In the first month of 304 (the third year of Tai'an), Sima Yue, the king of the East China Sea (Eight Kings' Rebellion Eight), sent Sima Yi to Zhang Fang, who burned and killed him.Sima Ying and others forced Jin Huidi to make Sima Ying the emperor's younger brother and Sima Yong as the grand master.In July, Sima Yue attacked Sima Yong, was defeated, and Sima Zhong was captured.In November, Zhang Fang moved the capital to Chang'an with Sima Zhong, abolished the emperor's younger brother Sima Ying, and established Sima Chi.In the same year, Li Xiong, a marshal of the Di tribe, took possession of Yizhou and became the king of Chengdu.Liu Yuan, the chieftain of the Huns, was called King of Han.

In 305 (the second year of Yongxing), Sima Yue and others raised troops to challenge Sima Yong, Sima Yong sent Sima Ying to lead the army to refuse, Sima Yue was defeated, and Sima Ying entered Luoyang. In 306 (the first year of Guangxi), Sima Yue won the counterattack, and Sima Ying was defeated and killed.Sima Yue killed Emperor Hui of Jin and established Sima Chi as Emperor Huai of Jin.Sima Yue assisted the government with Taifu, and Sima Yong was murdered.Li Xiong proclaimed himself emperor in Chengdu, and the country became famous. In 308 (the second year of Yongjia), Liu Yuan proclaimed himself emperor and his capital was Pingyang.

In 310 (the fourth year of Yongjia), Liu Yuan died, and his son Liu Cong killed his heir to stand on his own. In 311 (the fifth year of Yongjia), Sima Yue died.Liu Yuan's general Shi Le defeated the Jin army and captured Taiwei Wang Yan.Later, Luoyang was captured and Emperor Huai of Jin Dynasty Sima Chi was captured.Liu Yuan's nephew Liu Yao attacked Chang'an and killed Sima Mo, king of Nanyang. In 312, the Western Jin Dynasty had no emperor and no reign title.Guo Xiang died. In 313 (the first year of Jianxing), Sima Ye proclaimed himself emperor in Chang'an as Emperor Min of Jin.

In 316 (the fourth year of Jianxing), Emperor Min of Jin Dynasty Sima Ye surrendered, and the Western Jin Dynasty died. He established the dynasty for fifty-one years. In the winter of 317 (the first year of Jianwu), Emperor Min of Jin was killed. In 318 (the first year of Taixing), Sima Rui took the throne in Jianye (now Nanjing).In the same year, Liu Cong died, and his son Liu Can succeeded to the throne, but was later killed. Liu Yao proclaimed himself emperor on his own. In 319 (the second year of Taixing), Liu Yao returned his capital to Chang'an, changed his country name to Zhao, and was known as "Former Zhao" in history.Liu Yao's department called Shi Le King of Zhao.

In 322 (the first year of Yongchang), Wang Dunbing came to Jianye City.Jin Yuan Emperor Sima Rui died, and his son Sima Shao succeeded him as Emperor Jin Ming. In 324 (the second year of Taining), Wang Dun died, and Wang Dun's chaos was brought to an end. In 325 (the third year of Taining), Sima Shao, the emperor of Jin Ming, died, and his son Sima Yan succeeded to the throne. He was Emperor Cheng of Jin at the age of five. In 327 (the second year of Xianhe), the Su Jun Rebellion broke out. In 328 (the third year of Xianhe), Shi Le captured and killed Liu Yao, and the former Zhao died.

In 329 (the fourth year of Xianhe), Su Jun's rebellion was settled. In 330 (the fifth year of Xianhe), Shi Le proclaimed himself emperor, and the country name was still Zhao, which was called "Later Zhao" in history.Later Zhao owned most of the north and faced the Eastern Jin Dynasty across the Huaihe River. In 333 (the eighth year of Xianhe), Shi Le died, and his son Shi Hong succeeded to the throne. In 334 (the ninth year of Xianhe), Li Xiong died, and Li Xiong's son Li Qi killed his successor Li Ban to stand on his own.Shi Hu killed Shi Hong. In 337 (the third year of Xiankang), the Xianbei marshal Murong Hao (read Ruhuan) was called the King of Yan, and his capital was Longcheng (now Chaoyang City, Liaoning Province).

In 338 (the fourth year of Xiankang), Li Shou killed Li Qi to stand on his own, and changed the name of the country to Han. In 339 (the fifth year of Xiankang), Wang Dao died. In 340 (the sixth year of Xiankang), Yu Liang died. In 342 (the eighth year of Xiankang), Sima Yan, Emperor Cheng of Jin Dynasty, died, and his younger brother Sima Yue succeeded him as Emperor Kang of Jin Dynasty. In 343 (the first year of Jianyuan), Li Shou died and Li Shili died in Cheng Han. In 344 (the second year of Jianyuan), Emperor Kang of Jin Dynasty Sima Yue died, and his son Sima Dan succeeded to the throne. He was Emperor Mu of Jin Dynasty and was two years old. In 345 (the first year of Yonghe), Huan Wen served as governor of Jingzhou. In 347 (the third year of Yonghe), Huan Wen conquered Shu, Li Shi surrendered, and Cheng Han died. In 349 (the fifth year of Yonghe), Shihu proclaimed himself emperor, died soon after, and civil strife broke out. In 350 (the sixth year of Yonghe), Shihu's adopted son, Han Min Ran Min, usurped the throne and proclaimed himself emperor. The country was named Wei, and the history was called "Ran Wei". In 351 (the seventh year of Yonghe), Later Zhao Emperor Shi Zhi was killed by his subordinates, and Later Zhao died, and the country was established for thirty-three years.Fu Jian, a hero of the Di tribe, claimed to be the king of heaven, Da Shanyu, with his capital in Chang'an, and his country was named Daqin, which was called "Former Qin" in history. In 352 (the eighth year of Yonghe), Yan Wang Murong Jun captured and killed Ran Min, and Ran Wei died.Murong Jun proclaimed himself emperor, and his capital was Ye, known as "Qianyan" in history.In the same year, Fu Jian proclaimed himself emperor. In 354 (the tenth year of Yonghe), Huan Wen conquered the former Qin Dynasty and sent troops to Bashang. In 356 (the 12th year of Yonghe), Huan Wen defeated Yao Xiang and entered Luoyang. In 357 (the first year of Shengping), the successor of Fu Jian of the former Qin Dynasty was killed by Fu Jian. In 361 (the fifth year of Shengping), Sima Dan, Emperor Mudi of Jin Dynasty, died, and Sima Pi succeeded him as Emperor Ai of Jin Dynasty. In 364 (the second year of Xingning), Ge Hong died. In 365 (the third year of Xingning), Emperor Ai of Jin Dynasty Sima Pi died, and his younger brother Sima Yi succeeded him as Emperor Ai of Jin Dynasty. In 369 (the fourth year of Taihe), Huan Wen attacked Qianyan. In 370 (the fifth year of Taihe), the former Qin defeated the Yan army, and the former Yan died. In November of 371 (the sixth year of Taihe), Huan Wen abolished Sima Yi and established Kuaiji King Sima Yu as Emperor Jianwen. In July of 372 (the second year of Xian'an), Sima Yu, Emperor Jianwen, died, and Huan Wen was appointed as the assistant government in the imperial edict, according to Zhuge Liang and Wang's story.Prince Sima Yao succeeded to the throne as Emperor Xiaowu. In July of 373 (the first year of Ningkang), Huan Wen died. In 374 (the second year of Ningkang), the Germanic barbarian tribes began to invade the Roman Empire on a large scale, and the European ethnic groups migrated. In 376 (the fourth year of Ningkang), the former Qin conquered Qianliang, and Qianliang died, and the country was established for fifty-seven years.Afterwards, the former Qin Dynasty attacked the Dai state established by the Tuoba tribe of Xianbei, and the Dai state fell.So far, northern China has been completely unified by the former Qin Dynasty. In 383 (the eighth year of Taiyuan), the Battle of Feishui between Qin and Jin Dynasties. In 384 (the ninth year of Taiyuan), Murong Chui, a Xianbei general of the former Qin Fujian, called himself the King of Yan, and was known as "Later Yan" in history.Murong Hong was called the king of Jibei, and was called "Xiyan" in history.Yao Chang, a Qiang native, was called the King of Qin, and was called "Later Qin" in history. In 385 (the tenth year of Taiyuan), Yao Chang captured and killed Fu Jian.In the former Qin Dynasty, Xianbei people begged Fu Guoren to build the country, which was called "Western Qin" in history. In 386 (the eleventh year of Taiyuan), Tuobagui (read Rugui), the chieftain of Xianbei, proclaimed Wang Jianguo, and was known as the "Northern Wei Dynasty" in history.Yao Chang, king of the later Qin Dynasty, entered Chang'an and proclaimed himself emperor.Lu Guang, a member of the Di tribe, founded the country and was known as "Houliang" in history. In 394 (the nineteenth year of Taiyuan), the Western Qin Dynasty destroyed the former Qin Dynasty, and the former Qin Dynasty perished, and the country was established for forty-four years.Later Yan destroyed Xiyan, Xiyan died, and the country was established for eleven years. In 396 (the twenty-first year of Taiyuan), Emperor Xiaowu of Jin Dynasty Sima Yao was murdered by his concubine Zhang Guiren, and his son Sima Dezong succeeded him as Emperor Jin'an. In 397 (the first year of Long'an), Xianbei's bald-haired Wugu was called Wang Jianguo, and it was called "Nanliang" in history.Juqu Mengxun, the handsome Xiongnu in Houliang, founded the country, and it was called "Northern Liang" in history. In 398 (the second year of Long'an), Houyan Murongde was called King Jianguo, and was called "Nanyan" in history. In 399 (the third year of Long'an), Sun En rebelled. In 400 years (the fourth year of Long'an), the king of Western Qin descended to Qin, and Western Qin died.Li Hao (a variant of Hao), the prefect of Dunhuang in Northern Liang, founded the country and was known as "Xiliang" in history. In 402 (the first year of Yuanxing), Huan Xuan raised troops to attack the Eastern Jin Dynasty. In 403 (the second year of Yuanxing), Nanliang and Beiliang attacked Houliang, Houliang surrendered to Houqin, and Houliang died.Emperor Jin'an abdicated to Huan Xuan, who proclaimed himself emperor, and the country was named Chu. In 404 (the third year of Yuanxing), Liu Yu raised troops to attack Huanxuan, who was defeated and killed. In 405 (the fourth year of Yuanxing and the first year of Yixi), Emperor Jin'an was restored.Qiao Zong rebelled against Jin and became king. According to Chengdu, it was called "Western Shu" in history. In 407 (the third year of Yixi), He Lianbo, a general of the Later Qin Dynasty who was a Hun, rebelled against the Later Qin and became king.Murongxi, the king of Houyan, was killed, and Houyan died, and the country was established for twenty-four years.Gao Yun is Emperor Yan, known as "Northern Yan" in history. In 410 (the sixth year of Yixi), the Eastern Jin Dynasty captured and killed Emperor Murong Chao of Nanyan, and Nanyan died. It was thirteen years since the founding of the country. In 413 (the ninth year of Yixi), Liu Yu sent troops to attack Xishu, and Xishu fell. In 414 (the tenth year of Yixi), the Western Qin Dynasty attacked Nanliang, and Nanliang died, and the country was established for eighteen years. In 417 (the thirteenth year of Yixi), the Eastern Jin Dynasty attacked the Later Qin, and the Later Qin died, and the country was established for thirty-four years. In 418 (the fourteenth year of Yixi), Liu Yu poisoned Sima Dezong, Emperor An of Jin, and appointed his younger brother Sima Dewen as Emperor Gong of Jin. In 420 (the second year of Yuanxi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the first year of Yongchu in Liu Song Dynasty), Sima Dewen, Emperor Gong of Jin Dynasty, abdicated to Liu Yu, King of Song Dynasty.Liu Yu proclaimed himself Emperor Wudi.The name of the country is Song, and the history is called "Liu Song".The Southern Dynasties began. In 421 (the second year of Yongchu), Beiliang attacked Xiliang, Xiliang died, and the country was established for 22 years. In 427 (the fourth year of Yuanjia), Tao Yuanming died. In 431 (the eighth year of Yuanjia), Hu Xia attacked the Western Qin Dynasty, and the Western Qin Dynasty fell, and the country was established for thirty-nine years.Tuyuhun attacked Hu Xia, Hu Xia died, and the country was established for twenty-five years. In 436 (the thirteenth year of Yuanjia), the Northern Wei Dynasty attacked Beiyan, and Beiyan died, and the country was established for 30 years. In 439 (the 16th year of Yuanjia), the Northern Wei Dynasty attacked Beiliang, and Beiliang fell, and the country was established for 43 years.The era of the Five Hu and Sixteen Kingdoms ended, and the era of the Northern and Southern Dynasties began.