Chapter 16 Chapter 4 The Half-Blood Dynasty

During Tang Xuanzong's Dazhong period, a man named Li Yansheng took the Jinshi examination in Chang'an.At this time, it has been nearly two and a half centuries since Emperor Sui Yang set up the Jinshi Department, so it is reasonable to say that it is quite common.The reason why it is still mentioned today is only because this Jinshi Li Yansheng is actually an Arab (Dashi). This is not surprising. In fact, both Sui and Tang were world empires and mixed-blood dynasties, and the streets of Chang'an were full of barbarians.For example, Yuchi Jingde, who supported Li Shimin in the Xuanwumen Incident, was the queen of the royal family of Khotan.Khotan is located in Hotan City in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. The Yuchi family should be Hu people who have been Sinicized.

The same is true of Anlu Mountain, which turned the Tang Dynasty upside down.It is said that this person may have the blood of the Central Asian Islamic people, and he is from Kang, whose original surname is Kang.The surname is An because he followed his adoptive father, An Boyan.In this way, he is from Anguo again. Where is Anguo?In today's Bukhara, Uzbekistan.Where is Kang Guo?Also in Uzbekistan, the capital is in today's Samarkand.It is said that the kings of the two countries were originally of the same race, both of whom were Sogdians.But in the generation of An Lushan, I am afraid that he is not a purebred, not to mention his mother is a Turkic, so the "Old Tang Book" simply called him a "hybrid barbarian".

In fact, such racial prejudice is meaningless.Because Yang Sui and Li Tang, together with the Northern Zhou Dynasty before Sui, were also of mixed blood, the three royal families of Yuwen Zhou, Yang Sui and Li Tang were also related by blood, and they were all related to a Hu. This barbarian is called Duguxin. Duguxin can be regarded as the most capable person in history to marry a daughter.His eldest daughter married Yu Wentai's son, Yu Wenyu, Emperor Ming of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, his fourth daughter married Li Yan (read Rubing), the father of Emperor Gaozu Li Yuan of Tang Dynasty, and his seventh daughter married Yang Jian, Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty.The three dynasties are all belonged to their son-in-law, such a father-in-law is unprecedented.

However, Duguxin's ethnic affiliation is a problem.Some people say that he is a Hun, some say that he is a Xianbei, and some scholars say that he is a Turk.The only thing that is certain is that his family rose at the same time as the Northern Wei Dynasty. The ancestor was Fuliutun, the chief of the northern nomadic people.Duguxin himself is the boss of Yuwen Group. As a barbarian or a mixed race, Duguxin is handsome and unrestrained. He is called "Dugulang" in the army, which means "handsome Dugu", just like Sun Ce and Zhou Yu are called Sun Lang and Zhou Lang.One time, Duguxin came back from hunting and galloped into the city. His hat was accidentally blown askew by the wind. As a result, the next day, the whole city was wearing his hat crookedly like him.

This is Zhou Yu from the Northern Zhou Dynasty. It is not easy for Duguxin's daughter to get out of the door.Especially Yang Jian's Empress Dugu actually let all five of his sons be heirs.Because when Empress Dugu got married at the age of fourteen, Yang Jian promised her not to have children with other women.With this Shangfang sword, Empress Dugu did not hesitate to make herself a defender of the concept of monogamy, and she did not hesitate to kill the girl who had an affair with her husband. This incident happened when Empress Dugu was nearly fifty years old, so one can imagine His Majesty's mood.According to the official history, Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty, full of grief and indignation, rushed out of the palace alone on horseback, and broke into the valley for more than 20 miles regardless of the path. He persuaded him to return to the palace.At this time, Yang Jian said the famous saying: I am the emperor and cannot be free!

People are in the rivers and lakes, they can't help themselves, and the emperor is the same. In fact, Empress Dugu can be called the virtuous wife of Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty.Although she herself has a strong ability to govern, and in fact corrected many of Yang Jian's wrong decisions, she never allowed her family to take power, let alone seek personal gain for them or seek extrajudicial favors.Once, Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty planned to forgive one of her matriarchal relatives who had committed a capital crime. The queen's answer was: How can you be selfish when it comes to state affairs?

Likely to the displeasure of her relatives, another matriarch used witchcraft to put a curse on her.After the incident, Empress Dugu went on a hunger strike for three days to plead with the emperor.She said that if this person poisoned the people, of course he deserved death.Since it is only the concubine who is cursing, please forgive me, Your Majesty. Isn't Queen Dugu a hero among women? certainly. Moreover, we can also emphasize: this Empress Dugu is Li Yuan's real aunt.In addition, Empress Dou of Emperor Gaozu of Tang Dynasty and Empress Changsun of Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty were also from Xianbei.The ancestral name of Empress Changsun was Tuoba, but she changed her surname to her eldest grandson because she was the head of the clan. Empress Dou's uncle was Yu Wenyong, the famous Emperor Wu of the Northern Zhou Dynasty.It can be said that the royal families of the Sui and Tang dynasties had mixed blood for generations, and there was no distinction between Hu and Han.

Perhaps, it is precisely for this reason that the Sui and Tang Dynasties became outliers. We know that there are mainly three types of Chinese empires.The first type was established by the Chinese nation, such as Qin, Han, Song, and Ming.Although the people of Song and Ming were not of pure Han nationality, and even though the Han people of the Han Dynasty had mixed blood, they had their own identity in cultural psychology, that is, they considered themselves to be Chinese and Han people. This category may be called the "Huaxia Dynasty". The other two types of regimes were established by other peoples, one of which was called Dynasties of Infiltration and the other called Dynasties of Conquest.The former has Wuhu and Northern Wei, and the latter has Yuan and Qing.The transition from penetration to conquest was an important change in Chinese history.

The Sui and Tang Dynasties neither penetrated into China as a minority, nor entered the Central Plains as conquerors.Their rulers are of mixed race, but they claim to be authentic Chinese.The emperor of the Tang Dynasty has dual identities, he is the emperor of the Tang Dynasty internally, and the Khan of the Heavens externally, and his attitude towards the surrounding ethnic groups is both open and compatible. I'm afraid it can only be called the Dynasties of Hybrid. The establishment of the mixed dynasty is of great significance to the Chinese nation.We know that the traditional concept of the Chinese nation has always been "If you are not of our race, your heart must be different."However, after the mixed blood, it is difficult to tell who is "not my race", and the Li Tang Dynasty, which originally had Hu people's blood, would not deliberately distinguish them.Coupled with Tang Taizong's lofty ambitions and grandeur, a new ethnic policy was born during the Zhenguan period.

Although the policy is new, the trick is old, that is, to use both grace and power.It's just that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty preferred to resort to force, and Emperor Taizong of Tang tried to bestow favors and favors.For example, marry the daughter of a princess, open up border trade, recruit wealthy chieftains from other ethnic groups to serve in the imperial court, and encourage the children of Rong and Di to study in China.Moreover, foreigners are treated equally with the people of the Tang Dynasty in terms of appointment, rewards and punishments, resettlement and pensions. However, the most important thing is Jiji (read Rujimi).

What is a juji?Ji is the bridle of a horse, and the bridle of an ox is actually a kite.The specific method is to set up local administrative units in the border minority areas that belonged to the Tang Dynasty. The large one is called the Dudufu, the middle one is called the prefecture, and the small one is called the county.The governor of the prefecture and the governor of the state are the original local khans or chiefs. However, the chieftain who accepted the appointment of the empire had to give up the title of Khan, and there was also a Duhufu with a Han as the chief on the Jimi Prefecture to represent the imperial center to exercise sovereignty.This is tantamount to turning the surrounding khanates and tribes, large and small, into counties and counties of the Tang Dynasty. Can the leaders of the alien race like the king of the mountain be willing? willing.Because this policy was widely implemented on a large scale after the defeat of the Eastern Turks.Moreover, unlike ordinary prefectures and counties, the chiefs of Jimi prefecture can be hereditary.The original tribes are still ruled by them, and the taxes collected are also in principle controlled by themselves. The living habits and religious beliefs are the same as before, and Datang is responsible for ensuring their safety.This is already a very enlightened autocracy for defeated countries and vassal states. It is better to be enlightened than brutal, and the policy of imprisonment has been a great success.This is very satisfying for Tang Taizong.In May of the 21st year of Zhenguan (647), he delivered a speech in the Cuiwei Hall. One of the contents was: Noble Chinese and humble barbarians have a long history, and only I love them as one, so people of all ethnic groups regard me as their parents. This is not entirely the Emperor Taizong's boasting, and there are indeed many people who call him "Hua Yi's parents" sincerely.After all, Li Shimin's grandmother, mother, and wife are not Han Chinese, and his "love as one" may not necessarily be hypocrisy and political strategy, although there are inevitably swords and swords behind the harmony. However, the situation of national unity has been formed after all, and the channel of cultural exchange has also been opened. Then look at the Northwest first.

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Notes: Volume one hundred and seventy-eight. Volume one hundred and ninety-eight. Volume one hundred and ninety-three.