Chapter 14 The handshake between "Dr. Mimeograph" and the American doctor——Deng Xiaoping and Kissing (2)

Mao Zedong invited "Military Advisor".A big man from China came to the United Nations.Deng Xiaoping's reputation at the UN General Assembly made Kissinger jealous.When meeting Deng Xiaoping for the first time, Kissinger not only felt that Deng Xiaoping's style of work was very different from that of Zhou Enlai, and that his soft, smooth and even cunning diplomatic style was lost, but also found it difficult to deal with Deng. The first meeting between Deng Xiaoping and Kissinger was at the Sixth Special Session of the United Nations General Assembly held in New York in 1974.Because Deng Xiaoping's attendance at the special session of the UN General Assembly caused a storm in the Politburo, Jiang Qing made a big fuss at the Diaoyutai State Guesthouse.This has to start with Deng Xiaoping's comeback.

On December 12, 1973, Mao Zedong hosted a Politburo meeting in his study.This is rare.Because most of the meetings of the Politburo are presided over by Zhou Enlai.He personally presided over the meeting, which shows that the content of the meeting is extraordinary.The reason is very simple, because it has something to do with Deng Xiaoping's comeback, and he has to come forward to do the work, otherwise, some people will not be safe.The Politburo members all came on time.Deng Xiaoping also came, still only sitting in a corner.Mao Zedong once complained to the American journalist Snow: "Deng Xiaoping is deaf, and he sits far away from me when we have a meeting. Since 1959, he has not reported to me for six years, and he arrested Peng Zhen for work in the secretariat. "You can't blame others this time, Deng Xiaoping is not yet a member of the Politburo!

Before and after the "Ten Tenth Congress" held in August 1973, in view of the Lin Biao incident, Mao Zedong, who was lying in bed due to stroke and coronary heart disease, was already thinking about what happened after his death. The core leadership team produced by the "Ten Ten" fully reflected his inner contradictions, and to a certain extent, he had learned his lesson—in addition to Zhou Enlai, veteran comrades such as Ye Jianying, Zhu De, Li Desheng, and Dong Biwu were also elected as members of the Politburo Standing Committee.Deng Xiaoping, Wang Jiaxiang, Wu Lanfu, Li Jingquan, Tan Zhenlin, Liao Chengzhi and other veteran comrades who had been tested by the revolution were also elected as members of the Central Committee.Relevant archival materials show that when the Central Committee met, Deng Xiaoping was not included in the initial list of candidates.Obviously, Deng Xiaoping's name was added with the approval of Mao Zedong.Moreover, Mao Zedong also advocated that the "Ten Congress" should not be like the "Ninth Congress" this time, and that the Party Central Committee should not have only one vice-chairman.If there is only one vice chairman, the "Top Ten" will only have Wang Hongwen.In this way, five vice-chairmen were set up, which shows that Mao Zedong's consideration of successors is prudent.Because after Zhou Enlai suffered from a terminal illness, he also began to worry that Wang Hongwen, a young leftist, could bear the burden of the party and the country?Obviously, Mao Zedong was very worried.

According to the account written by Richard Evans, who once served as the British ambassador to China: In the autumn of that year, Mao sent Deng Xiaoping and Wang Hongwen to leave Beijing together to inspect other places.His motivation for bringing the two together was presumably to see if they tolerated each other, to see if they would be willing and likely to work together in the future.Unfortunately, no one knows how they work together this time.Deng later commented on Wang Hongwen, saying that his promotion was "taking a helicopter" ("taking a helicopter" is a new term coined by Deng. From this we can see Deng's perception of Wang Hongwen and his abilities).After they returned from their inspection, Mao asked them what would happen to China after his death?Wang Hongwen replied that China would remain committed to upholding the Chairman's "revolutionary line" and achieving reunification on this basis.Deng was astute, or more honestly, warlords would reappear and the country would be in chaos.Mao thought Deng's answer was better.On the surface, Wang Hongwen said good things that sounded good, and Deng Xiaoping said some shocking truths at first glance, but Mao Zedong believed Deng Xiaoping's prediction that China would have a "warlord melee" after he went to see Marx.

Deng Xiaoping's answer made Mao Zedong believe that Deng Xiaoping had extraordinary insight: the army intervened to support the left, and the army leaders held the power of the provincial revolutionary committees.Mao Zedong was also sensitively aware that this was the "gun" left over from the Lin Biao era to control the party and govern the government. This is a very dangerous sequelae.At this time, Ye Jianying, who presided over the work of the Central Military Commission, suggested to Mao Zedong in person: "Comrade Xiaoping is back, and I make a request for him to participate in and preside over the work of the Military Commission." Mao Zedong adopted Ye Jianying's suggestion, so this time the Politburo He invited Deng Xiaoping to attend the meeting.

Then, Mao Zedong asked Ye Jianying to summon the commanders and political commissars of the major military regions to quickly come to Beijing to discuss matters.On December 15, Mao Zedong once again solemnly recommended Deng Xiaoping when he talked with relevant comrades from the Politburo and the commanders and political commissars of the eight major military regions.He said: "We are now inviting a chief of staff, Comrade Deng Xiaoping. As for him, some people are afraid of him, but he is more decisive in his actions. His life is about 30-70. Your old boss, I invited back. The Politburo invited him back. , I didn’t invite you back alone.” After finishing speaking, Mao Zedong turned to Deng Xiaoping beside him and said, “What about you, everyone is a little afraid of you. Let me give you two words: There is strength in softness, and needles are hidden in softness. Be kind on the outside. , which is a steel company. The shortcomings of the past, let’s correct them slowly.”

On December 22, the Central Military Commission issued an order: The commanders of the eight major military regions were swapped.He summoned these commanders to Zhongnanhai for a meeting of the Central Military Commission. When announcing the decision of the Central Committee and the Military Commission in public, he pointed to Deng Xiaoping and recommended it to everyone for the third time: "Now, I have invited a military adviser named Deng Xiaoping. Send a notice, when Members of the Politburo and members of the Military Commission. The Politburo is in charge of all the party, government, military, and civilian studies, east, west, north, and south. I think, add a secretary-general to the Politburo. If you (Deng Xiaoping) don’t want this name, then you should be the chief of staff.”

At the same time, Mao Zedong, who has a stubborn personality and never easily admits mistakes, took the initiative to criticize himself frankly at this Military Commission meeting.He shook Zhu De's hand and said, "Boss, how are you? You are the Red Commander! People say you are the Black Commander, but I always criticize them. I say you are the Red Commander..." He also said, "I see He Long Comrade made a mistake, and I have to be responsible. Yang (Chengwu), Yu (Lijin), and Fu (Chongbi) also have to reverse the case! I listened to Lin Biao’s one-sided words, so I made a mistake.” He also mentioned When it comes time to vindicate Luo Ruiqing, because he also listened to Lin Biao's words.It can be seen that Mao Zedong took another big step in his understanding of the "Cultural Revolution".

Soon, Zhou Enlai personally drafted the "Notice on Deng Xiaoping's Appointment" for the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.The notice said: "Following Chairman Mao's suggestion, the Central Committee has decided that: Comrade Deng Xiaoping will be a member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee and participate in the leadership work of the Central Committee, and will be ratified at the Second Plenary Session of the Tenth Central Committee; Comrade Deng Xiaoping will be a member of the Central Military Commission and participate in the leadership work of the Central Military Commission. I hereby inform you." From the beginning of 1974, Zhou Enlai also handed over the daily work of foreign affairs to Deng Xiaoping.

On the evening of March 24, 1974, Zhou Enlai, who was seriously ill, endured the pain and hosted a banquet for visiting Tanzanian President Nyerere in the Great Hall of the People.Almost at the same time, Jiang Qing lost his temper in the Diaoyutai State Guesthouse and scolded Wang Hairong and Tang Wensheng from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.The reason is that the Ministry of Foreign Affairs’ request for instructions on the topic of the head of the Chinese delegation to the sixth special session of the UN General Assembly suggested that Deng Xiaoping should lead the Chinese government delegation to attend the General Assembly.Zhou Enlai approved it, Mao Zedong also circled it in his own handwriting, and prepared to formally submit it to the Political Bureau of the Central Committee for approval.

This is obviously what Jiang Qing does not want to see.Originally, she was extremely annoyed that Deng Xiaoping came back and took power in the army and government.But Deng Xiaoping's comeback was determined by Mao Zedong. Although she was furious, she was helpless.But she seemed not reconciled, so she wrote a letter to Mao Zedong.Three days ago, on March 20, Mao Zedong wrote back refusing to see her, and criticized her in the letter, saying: "It's better not to see her. I talked with you for many years, and you didn't implement it. What's the benefit of seeing more? ... You have privileges, I am dead, what to do with you? You are also a person who does not discuss big things, but gives small things every day." Jiang Qing was angry with Mao Zedong's criticism, and today he watched Deng Xiaoping attend the United Nations General Assembly The report of the special meeting made her even more popular.She scolded Wang Hairong and Tang Wensheng severely, and forced them to immediately withdraw the report from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In fact, this report was made in accordance with Mao Zedong's secret instructions. In the spring of 1974, the sixth special session of the United Nations General Assembly, which specializes in the study of world raw materials and development issues, will be held in New York. An important international conference on aspirations.The third world countries attach great importance to this meeting, and the heads of state of many countries will attend this meeting.However, Zhou Enlai was unable to travel far due to physical reasons. On March 20, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs specifically asked Mao Zedong for instructions on the selection of the head of the delegation to attend the meeting.After Mao Zedong received the report, he immediately suggested that Deng Xiaoping be the head of the delegation, and at the same time, Qiao Guanhua, a "veteran" who had attended the UN General Assembly for three consecutive years, be Deng Xiaoping's "consultant".Out of respect for the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, Mao Zedong said to Wang Hairong and Tang Wensheng: Don't say that this matter is his opinion, it is better to let the Ministry of Foreign Affairs write a report and put it forward formally. Knowing that Jiang Qing launched an attack on Diaoyutai, Zhou Enlai was extremely anxious.He was going to be hospitalized, but he was afraid that Jiang Qing and his gang would punish Deng Xiaoping who had just come back, so he insisted on refusing to be hospitalized for a long time.At the same time, Jiang Qing continued to exert pressure and called Wang Hairong and Tang Wensheng four times in a row, insisting on forcing them to withdraw the report asking Deng Xiaoping to lead a delegation to the UN General Assembly. Wang Hairong and Tang Wensheng knew that Jiang Qing was powerful, and they were very worried that Jiang Qing would gain support at the Politburo meeting on the 26th, and the consequences would be disastrous.So the two discussed to find out what Mao Zedong's attitude is now.So, on the 25th, the two of them dialed the number of Mao Zedong’s residence in Zhongnanhai, and asked for the two most critical instructions——“Does Chairman Mao still advocate that Deng Xiaoping lead a delegation to attend the meeting?” “Can we let Chairman Mao propose that Deng Xiaoping When the head of the group expresses his opinion?" Mao Zedong's secretary called back, and in addition to repeating Mao Zedong's opinions conveyed to Zhou Enlai and Wang Hongwen, he also added a special sentence: "Chairman Mao said that if it really doesn't work, it can also be explained that it was he who proposed Deng Xiaoping as the head of the regiment. "Wang and Tang, who have been worried about this for a long time, have a bottom line in their hearts. On the morning of March 26, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held a meeting in the East Hall of the Great Hall of the People to discuss the issue of Deng Xiaoping leading a delegation to attend the special session of the UN General Assembly.Jiang Qing still unscrupulously launched an attack, and ordered Wang Hairong and Tang Wensheng to be summoned in the middle of the meeting.The two of them seriously and truthfully stated that it was Chairman Mao's opinion that it was Chairman Mao's opinion to send Deng Xiaoping abroad to attend the special session of the UN General Assembly, and Jiang Qing finally understood.But she didn't give up, and said angrily: "Chairman Mao allowed me to reserve opinions. Before the "Cultural Revolution" was launched, Chairman Mao did not agree to criticize Peng Zhen and Wu Han, so he allowed me to reserve opinions. In the article "Hai Jui Dismissed from Office", Chairman Mao still supported me, and thus began the 'Cultural Revolution'." Obviously, this was Jiang Qing's intention to restrict Zhou Enlai.Seeing Premier Zhou Enlai working so hard, after Wang Hairong and Tang Wensheng came out of the East Hall, they reported the meeting situation to Mao Zedong first. After Mao Zedong knew the inside story, he was very unhappy. In the early morning of March 27, Mao Zedong wrote to Jiang Qing: "It is my opinion that Comrade Deng Xiaoping goes abroad, and you should not oppose it." At the same time, Mao Zedong asked his secretary to call Wang Hairong and Tang Wensheng about the contents of the letter. In this way, the matter of Deng Xiaoping's attendance at the special session of the UN General Assembly was finally settled. On the morning of April 6, with the approval of Mao Zedong, a grand farewell ceremony was held at the airport.Zhou Enlai made an exception and personally led more than 4,000 members of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, heads of party, government, and military departments in Beijing, and people from all walks of life to see Deng Xiaoping and his party off.A Western reporter reported that Deng Xiaoping attended the UN General Assembly meeting as the head of the government not long after his comeback, which aroused widespread concern from the international community. Sending him off at the airport, even knocking down his opponents." At the same time, the world is watching the arrival of the Chinese delegation.They were all guessing: What kind of person was Deng Xiaoping? At the sixth special session of the General Assembly, the most important thing was that Deng Xiaoping was going to expound on Mao Zedong's theory of "dividing the three worlds" at the conference. This speech was carefully considered by Zhou Enlai and him, approved by Mao Zedong and drafted by Qiao Guanhua.At the same time, as Zhou Enlai's de facto successor, he will also hold talks with Kissinger of the United States in New York.He prepared carefully for his first meeting with Kissinger.Because Premier Zhou Enlai was very ill and was about to leave his post and be hospitalized for treatment, the Politburo decided that he should hurry back to Beijing after he delivered a speech at the UN General Assembly and met with leaders of some friendly countries present at the meeting.And the itinerary has basically been arranged: on April 7, Deng Xiaoping arrived in New York. On April 10, Deng Xiaoping made a speech on behalf of China at the special UN General Assembly. During this period, he met with the leaders of some friendly countries and scheduled to meet with Dr. Kissinger on April 14. Then he left New York via Paris on the evening of April 16. return home. Deng Xiaoping led the Chinese delegation to attend the sixth special session of the UN General Assembly, which was another exciting historical moment after New China returned to the United Nations at the twenty-sixth session of the UN General Assembly in 1971.This is a major attempt by the vast number of Asian, African and Latin American countries to change their economic inequality and to establish economic equality with developed countries. Therefore, "establishing a new international economic order" is the purpose and slogan of this meeting. On April 10, because an official from the UN Secretariat said that "a big man from China has come to the UN and is going to give a speech today", the auditorium and the auditorium were packed with delegates and spectators.Many overseas Chinese sat in the auditorium with their children, and the faces of the people also showed expressions of excitement.As the head of the US delegation, Kissinger paid special attention to this short man in a black tunic.Judging from the quick and deep eyes and firm steps, Deng Xiaoping was a resolute and tenacious person.Deng Xiaoping's reappearance had aroused strong international repercussions. Before that, Kissinger had read the materials about Deng Xiaoping submitted by the U.S. Liaison Office in China and the Central Intelligence Agency respectively, and knew that he was a high-ranking CCP with a rough experience and an extraordinary background. The leader, and in the 1950s and 1960s, he had dealt with the Soviet Union on many occasions on behalf of the CCP, causing another short man, Khrushchev, a headache, for which Mao Zedong was greatly appreciated.Obviously, Mao Zedong asked him to represent China at the special session of the UN General Assembly this time, indicating that he was Zhou Enlai's successor. Deng Xiaoping strode to the UN podium.The venue suddenly fell silent, all eyes were on him.He is not tall, wearing a black tunic suit, full of energy.In the spacious United Nations conference hall, his firm, clear, clear, confident and Sichuan-accented Chinese words resounded.He expounded Mao Zedong's theory of "three worlds": ——The two superpowers are the biggest international exploiters and oppressors, and they are the source of a new world war. ——The situation of developed countries between superpowers and developing countries is complicated.Some of these countries still maintain different forms of colonialist relations with the third world; at the same time, all these developed countries are controlled, threatened and bullied by one or another superpower to varying degrees. ——The vast number of developing countries have long been oppressed and exploited by colonialism and imperialism.They have achieved political independence, but they still face the historical tasks of eliminating the remnants of colonialism, developing the national economy, and consolidating national independence.These countries have vast territories, large populations, and abundant resources.These countries are deeply oppressed and have the strongest demands to oppose oppression and seek liberation and development.In the struggle for national liberation and national independence, they have demonstrated incomparably great power and have continuously won brilliant victories.They are the revolutionary driving force that pushes the wheel of world history forward, and the main force against colonialism, imperialism, especially the superpowers... When the United Nations General Assembly is held, there is generally no applause, and there are rarely interruptions.Deng Xiaoping's more than 30-minute speech was interrupted by several rounds of warm applause.At the end, the applause was even more enthusiastic, resounding through the entire conference hall.There was a long queue in front of the seats of the Chinese delegation, and ambassadors or heads of missions from dozens of countries expressed warm congratulations to the short Chinese man.As a result, the General Assembly was interrupted for a long time, which is rare in the history of the United Nations. Deng Xiaoping's glory somewhat made the well-known eloquent Dr. Kissinger envious to a little bit jealous.Kissinger witnessed this enthusiastic scene, but he was thinking about how to have the first meeting with this Chinese opponent.Many years later, Kissinger said when recalling the scene of the year: "To be honest, I didn't know who he was at that time, because he was persecuted in China's 'Cultural Revolution'. So we thought he was a member of the Chinese delegation. An advisor, I didn’t even know he was the head of the Chinese delegation. But I was deeply impressed by his decisive ability to deal with things and his insight into things.” At 8:05 p.m. on April 14, Deng Xiaoping met with Secretary of State Kissinger, who was the head of the US delegation.This is the first meeting between them.The talks were held in Kissinger's suite at the Waldorf Astoria Hotel in New York.Vice Foreign Minister Qiao Guanhua accompanied the meeting. The book "Kissinger's Secret" once disclosed the details of this meeting in detail. After the reporter entered the room to take pictures, Deng Xiaoping first took out a pack of cigarettes and asked Kissinger if he could smoke. Kissinger: I don't smoke. I have heard that you are famous for smoking. Of course, I have no objection to your smoking. Deng Xiaoping: If you don't know how to smoke, then you are missing something. Kissinger: I don't smoke, but I have other bad habits. ... Deng Xiaoping: You have many years of experience in dealing with the Soviet Union. Kissinger: Yes.For years, it was always tiring and always the same.At the beginning, the atmosphere was very pleasant, but on the second day, they were arguing with each other. On the last day, when we were leaving in two hours, they saw that we did not give up our final position, so they became accommodating and happy again. It's the same every time. Deng Xiaoping: I also have a lot of experience in dealing with the Soviet Union. ... In my experience, we've never been able to come to an agreement with them. They walked into the dining room, and after talking about the Middle East issue for a while, Kissinger toasted Deng Xiaoping with a Moutai.Winston Lord, who was present, joked: I believe we can solve the energy crisis with Moutai. Deng Xiaoping took the conversation and said humorously: Then can we also solve the raw material crisis? Kissinger also replied with American humor: I think as long as you drink enough Moutai, any problem can be solved. Deng Xiaoping immediately went on to say: After I return to China, I will definitely take measures to increase the production of Moutai. Kissinger said: We, as always, regard maintaining a good and friendly relationship between the United States and China as the most important thing.As I said in my talks with Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou, we are trying to find ways to normalize our relations. Deng Xiaoping: This policy and the principles based on it are supported by Chairman Mao himself.I believe that you will understand this during your two long talks with Chairman Mao.I think the last time you talked to him was three hours. Kissinger: We talked about many details ... In our experience, the Chinese mean what they say. When Kissinger and Qiao Guanhua toasted, Deng Xiaoping said: Doctor, even if you drink all these Maotai, your speech tomorrow will be top-notch. Kissinger: It's so touching!I should probably do a good job of bashing superpowers.I am very glad that the Vice Premier affirmed what Deputy Foreign Minister Joe had already said to Ambassador Bruce in Beijing.Our relationship has not changed. Deng Xiaoping: I have read the record of your conversation with Chairman Mao.Very frank.You discussed the relationship between China and the United States from a strategic point of view.Some disagreement is about where the Soviet Union's strategic focus is.We have some disagreements on this point, but those disagreements are nothing because the facts will show where the real focus lies. Kissinger: Yes, regardless of the first point, the next point is obvious.If the focus is on Europe, the next focus is China.If the focus is on China, Europe is next.If the focus is on the Middle East, then the next one is also obvious. ... Deng Xiaoping: Why are there so many clamors about the "Watergate Incident"? Kissinger: It's one of those chains of things that's hard to understand.Among those who are arguing are many people who have various reasons to oppose the president. Deng Xiaoping: Chairman Mao told you that we are not happy about this.This incident should not affect our relationship in any way. Kissinger: I can assure you that regardless of Watergate, we have been implementing our policy and we will continue to implement this policy regardless of Watergate. Deng Xiaoping: We don't care too much about such things. Kissinger: Our foreign policy still has very broad support from the American public.When I first met Premier Zhou, I once said that China is a land of mystery.Now America itself seems to be an odd place. Deng Xiaoping: This kind of thing is really difficult for us to understand. After Kissinger introduced the plan for the "Nixon-Brezhnev summit", he said: Whatever we do with the Soviets is bilateral and has no constraints on the People's Republic of China.The United States and the Soviet Union are negotiating plans to limit strategic arms, and I predict that no agreement will be reached. Deng Xiaoping: I also think it is impossible for you to reach an agreement in this regard.As far as our relations with the Soviet Union are concerned, that is to say, on our eastern border, the situation has not changed, it has remained the same, and there has been no change in military dispositions. Kissinger: I think, there is a little change, but I can't say for sure.I think they've added three divisions now, but I'll have to look it up. Deng Xiaoping: The main reason is that they haven't changed anything. Kissinger: This is also our impression. Deng Xiaoping: On our very long border, they have deployed 1 million troops scattered throughout the border area.That's how they frighten the weak!I think Chairman Mao said when he was talking to you that one million troops are neither enough for defense nor for offense, and they must add another million. Kissinger: That depends on what they want to do.If they want to occupy all of China, that's right, it depends on their purpose. Deng Xiaoping: What would it mean if they occupied some parts of the border?They really got stuck in the quagmire. Kissinger: I didn't expect them to have such an attempt, but it could be that, under certain circumstances, they might try to destroy your nuclear facilities.I'm not saying they're definitely planning to do that, but I think it's conceivable. Finally, Deng Xiaoping took the initiative to raise the Taiwan issue.At that time, Nixon, who was in the predicament of the "Watergate Incident", retreated on the Taiwan issue in order to avoid political attacks from pro-Taiwan forces in his country. In February 1974, Nixon appointed senior diplomat Leonard Angle as the new U.S. ambassador to Taiwan with unusual speed, rather than in a manner that a chargé d'affaires could have been responsible for.At the same time, Taiwan was also allowed to open two new consulates in the United States and once again sold submarines and advanced military equipment to Taiwan.Deng Xiaoping has already noticed these practices of Nixon. Deng Xiaoping asked: Is there anything we can do on the Taiwan issue? Kissinger: As I told you, we are continuing to reduce our presence.We are considering how to make the one-China principle expressed in the previous communiqué effective.We don't have the whole idea yet, but we'd love to hear any ideas you have. Vice Foreign Minister Qiao Guanhua: I am thinking about this issue, and I understand the essence of the issue.I participated in the drafting of the communiqué, drafting its language.The basic meaning is what Chairman Mao told you.The normalization of our relationship can only be based on the Japanese model (the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Japan is based on the premise of the severance of diplomatic relations between Japan and Taiwan).No other modes are possible. Deng Xiaoping: There are two more points on this issue.First, we would like this problem to be resolved relatively quickly.Second, but we're not in a rush about that.Chairman Mao also told you these two points. The first meeting between Deng Xiaoping and Kissinger deeply touched Kissinger.According to Richard Evans, a British diplomat who had contact with Kissinger (formerly the British ambassador to China), in his book "Deng Xiaoping": "From the beginning of 1974, Zhou also put the daily routine of foreign affairs The work was handed over to Deng. This was a new field for Deng. Deng immediately revealed that his style of work was very different from Zhou's, and his soft, smooth and even cunning diplomatic style was lost. From July 1971 to 1973 In November, Kissinger, who visited China four times in complete secrecy, established a relationship of mutual respect and understanding with Zhou Enlai. He found it difficult to deal with Deng. Deng did not let people get close to him. In fact, Deng was The message sent to Kissinger was indeed more serious and harsh than that of Zhou Enlai. He told Kissinger that it would be dangerous for the United States to gain anything from the rapprochement with the Soviet Union. The United States did not honor its earlier Commitment on the Taiwan issue."