Chapter 11 Zhuge Liang is not a famous teacher

Zhuge Liang, who has experienced many hardships again and again, realized very early: a famous teacher produces a good apprentice.There must be an excellent teacher in order to have outstanding students.After dropping out of Jingsheng Academy and living in seclusion in Longzhong, he decided to visit the best scholars and seek advice from the best teachers. At this time, in the Xiangyang area, first-class scholars in the country such as Sima Hui, Song Zhong, Qi Wulu, and Ying Rong gathered; first-class calligraphers and musicians such as Liang Hu and Du Kui; and Handan, who was promoted as Confucianism. Chun, Kuixi and others.For these scholars and experts, Liu Biao "consoled and helped them, and they all got full funds."For Zhuge Liang who was studying, Xiangyang is really a good place where famous teachers gather.

One day, Zhuge Liang and Xu Shu talked about the celebrities in Xiangyang.Xu Shu told Zhuge Liang that the number one celebrity in Xiangyang was Lord Pang De.At first, Zhuge Liang's sister once talked about her husband's extraordinary knowledge, but Zhuge Liang was still dubious at that time.Zhuge Liang also remembered that his brother-in-law said that it was extremely difficult to learn skills from Mr. Pound.This old man easily refuses to show his true talents to others.He chooses his disciples regardless of closeness or distance, but he must teach according to their aptitude and ability.Therefore, when choosing an apprentice, it is very harsh.

After hearing what his brother-in-law said, Zhuge Liang was worried that his knowledge and skills were not up to the mark, so he didn't formally ask his in-laws to be a teacher.Today, when Xu Shu mentioned Lord Pang De again, he couldn't help but be moved. Whether he can become Lord Pang De's apprentice means whether he can become an outstanding talent. Xu Shu told Zhuge Liang that Mr. Pang De lived in Lumen Mountain in seclusion now, and usually entertained himself with farming, mulberry, books and qin, elegant and innocent, and reclusive.Liu Biao invited him to participate in politics many times, but he just refused to come out.

Zhuge Liang has also heard that Mr. Pang De cherishes his personality and looks down on the powerful, and his confidantes and friends are limited.It is said that Pang De Company and Sima Hui are very good friends.Sima Hui was 10 years younger than Duke Pang De. He regarded Duke Pang De as his elder brother and called him Duke Pang De. Zhuge Liang said: "Listen to you, Mr. Shui Jing and my in-law's father are best friends!" Xu Shu said: "A best friend is naturally a best friend, but Mr. Sima Hui's ability to gain a foothold in Xiangyang and become a celebrity in Xiangyang is entirely due to Mr. Pang De."

Seeing that Kong Ming didn't believe it, Xu Shu explained: "You know, when Mr. Sima Hui first came to Xiangyang, few people knew him, and few people asked him for advice. Later, Pang De Company and Sima Hui got to know each other, and someone asked Pang De Company about Sima Hui. As for Hui's opinion, Mr. Pang De said it was Mr. Shui Jing. He meant that Sima Hui saw things very clearly. Just this sentence gave Sima Hui the nickname of "Mr. Shui Jing", and his reputation spread far and wide, and there were many students in the teaching hall. There is another one, Pang Tong, named Shiyuan. He was simple and blunt when he was young, and his appearance was a bit grotesque. He had thick eyebrows and raised nose, and his face was like black coal. No one thought he would be a great talent. Only Mr. Pang De valued Pang Tong. At that time, Pang Tong was not yet an adult. Mr. Pang De asked him to visit Sima Hui, and told Sima Hui: The person who came was indeed young. At that time, Sima Hui was picking mulberries on a tree, and Pang Tong was sitting under the tree. The two of them were on the tree and under the other, and began to talk about problems. During the conversation, from day to night, Sima Hui was very surprised, and sighed: "A virtuous man knows people sincerely, and this is a great virtue." He called Pang Tong the crown of Jingzhou scholars today, and from this, Pang Tong's reputation began to greatly increase. "

Zhuge Liang said with a smile: "Really? Wouldn't it be a fairy turning stone into gold!" Xu Shu said to Zhuge Liang: "If Duke Pang De appreciates you and accepts you as his disciple, then your talent and knowledge will grow greatly, and your reputation will become big, which is no small matter." Zhuge Liang looked at his in-laws with admiration, and he decided to come to ask for advice in person.In order to show his devotion and respect, Zhuge Liang went to Lumen Mountain, entered the gate tower of Pang's house, saw Pang Degong, shouted "Dad in-Law", and then knelt down on the ground with a "plop" and bowed.

Lord Pang De looked Zhuge Liang up and down, and saw that Zhuge Liang was tall, gentle, and heroic, and felt that he was a young man who was knowledgeable in books and etiquette, and had some insights.He thought: Since you want to worship me as a teacher, you have to take a look at his talents and learning, so he said: "Looking at your heroic look, you must be a person with great ambitions. Let me ask you, if you are allowed to be a general, what would you do?" What kind of skills should you have?" Zhuge Liang raised his head, confident, and replied calmly: "A general has nine talents. The way is based on virtue, and the way is based on propriety. Knowing his hunger and cold, observing his hard work, this is called a benevolent general. Nothing can be avoided. For profit, there is the honor of death, and there is no disgrace of life. This is called a righteous general. Noble but not arrogant, victorious but not arrogant, virtuous but able to fall, tough but able to endure, this is called: Li general. Miraculous change Unpredictable, flexible and responsive, turning misfortunes into blessings, and winning in the face of danger, this is called: a wise general. There are generous rewards for advancement, and severe punishments for retreat. Rewards are not overdue, and punishments are not expensive. , Qi covers thousands of men, good at solidifying the battlefield, better than swords and halberds, this is called: stepping general. Climb high and take risks, gallop and shoot like flying, advance first and retreat, this is called: cavalry general. Qi Ling three armies, ambition Gentle and strong captives, timid in small battles, brave in big enemies, this is called a fierce general. If you are too late to see the good, follow advice like going with the flow, broad but capable of strength, brave and resourceful, this is called a general."

Translated in modern Chinese, the meaning of Zhuge Liang's passage is: There are nine criteria for evaluating the talents of a general.A general who pays attention to moral concepts, understands propriety, justice, integrity and shame, can care about the well-being of his subordinates, and pays attention to the hard work of his subordinates, such a general can be called a benevolent general.Accepting orders without paying attention to conditions or considering personal interests, taking pride in sacrificing for the completion of tasks, and not bringing shame for surviving, this is a "righteous general".Not arrogant because of wealth, not arrogant because of victory, respecting the personality of subordinates, strong character but able to endure and endure hardships and hardships, this is a "li general".Behavior changes are difficult to guess. Soldiers and horses are often dispatched in multiple directions. When encountering disasters, they can turn into happiness. Facing dangers, they can calmly deal with them and win victories. This is a "wise general".Rewards and rewards are given to troops prohibited by orders, and severe punishments are given to subordinates who run away and cannot carry out orders.With vigorous steps, powerful momentum, good at consolidating positions, good at using swords, guns, swords and halberds, this is a "step general".Being able to climb high ground, foray through dangerous passes, be proficient in horseback riding and archery, charge first and retreat last, this is a brave and tenacious cavalier who never fears a powerful enemy, disdains small fights, and always wants to fight a strong opponent. It is a "resolute general".To be respectful to the corporal, to think of the virtuous and thirsty, to listen to others' opinions with an open mind, to accept criticism from others, to be broad-minded, to be strong-willed, to be brave in battle and full of strategy, this is a general.

Zhuge Liang talked eloquently, and Duke Pang De listened carefully, and couldn't help nodding frequently.Pang Degong said: "Your nine points have talked about the ability or instinct of being a general, but among the nine standards of being a general, how do you distinguish between them?" Zhuge Liang replied: "The weapons of generals are used in different sizes. The base is to detect their treachery, wait for their misfortunes, and be subdued by the crowd. This is a general of ten men. He sleeps at night and watches his words closely. This is a general of hundreds of men. Straight Thoughtful, brave and able to fight, this is a general of thousands of men. His appearance is dignified, his heart is fierce, he knows people's hard work, and he knows people's hunger and cold. Chaos, this is a general of a hundred thousand people. Benevolent and loving, loyal to neighboring countries, knowledge of astronomy, human affairs, and geography, within the four seas, like a family, this is the general of the world."

It means: the selection of generals should be based on the need to be able to win the war.Leading troops to fight, the roles of officers are different.An officer who can gain insight into the violators in the ranks, notice the possible harm and adverse reactions caused by the actions of the lawbreakers, and be convinced by his subordinates, such an officer can lead ten soldiers.Able to work hard day and night for the rise and fall of the team, watch the appearance, and be good at speaking, this person can lead a team of hundreds of people.The speech is crisp and sharp, very straightforward, inspiring, and well thought out. He is brave and good at fighting. This person can lead a team of thousands of people.With a dignified appearance, outstanding appearance, full of emotion, knowing people well, and understanding the situation, this person can command tens of thousands of troops.Able to introduce talents, has the charm of attracting capable people, handles every matter rigorously, has a broad mind, pays attention to integrity, and handles complicated situations with ease.Knowing how to spread benevolence and love to the world, to convince the guests of neighboring countries with prestige and faith, to know astronomy and meteorology at the top, to know the ways of the world at the bottom, to understand geography and nature at the bottom, and in his eyes, the affairs of the world are like the affairs of the family. Such a person can be called The general of the world.

Lord Pang De asked again: "What are the disadvantages that generals should taboo?" Without hesitation, Zhuge Liang replied, "There are eight disadvantages in the way a husband is a general. One is being greedy and insatiable; the other is being jealous of the virtuous and capable; the third is being slanderous and sycophant; Hesitating without self-determination, six is ​​licentiousness in wine and sex, seven is treacherous and cowardly, and eighth is cunning and not polite." It can be heard that Zhuge Liang's thinking on this issue can be described as deliberate. Mr. Pound remained calm, and asked several questions one after another like a cannonball. "The sky has colorful clouds, the earth has five colors of soil, and the crowd is of all kinds. And the appearance of a person is not necessarily the same as his heart. How do you distinguish a double-faced person? As a leader, you should pay attention to the black sheep of the army. Tell me, who are they? What should be paid attention to and guarded against?" Zhuge Liang was unprepared for these two questions, he was tongue-tied all of a sudden, not knowing how to express it to a satisfactory conclusion.He pondered for a long time, but still couldn't figure out how to answer. Mr. Pang De said at this time: "This is an important topic! You must face this question and find an accurate answer. Well, you can think here, or go back to your home in Longzhong to think about it, and I will answer it tomorrow. " After finishing speaking, he left the seat and left Zhuge Liang to hang there. Zhuge Liang knelt on the spot, motionless, contemplating. Mr. Pound left the table in a hurry because of internal urgency, and he was used to finding a book to read slowly when he came out.When he walked into the study room an hour later, the book boy told him: "Zhuge Liang is still kneeling!" Hearing this, Mr. Pang De was stunned for a moment, stopped, without any expression, turned around, and went back The bedroom went to rest. As the sky gradually darkened, the book boy walked into the classroom and lit the candles.Seeing that Zhuge Liang was still kneeling there in a daze, he asked Zhuge Liang why he didn't go home?Zhuge Liang said, I haven't thought of the correct answer yet! The book boy asked: "Can't you come back tomorrow?" Zhuge Liang shook his head and said: "Today's question must be answered today." After finishing speaking, he closed his mouth and continued to concentrate on thinking. Shutong came in quietly, saw that Zhuge Liang was still kneeling on the spot, so he went over and told Zhuge Liang: "My in-laws father has gone to sleep, you go home!" Zhuge Liang shook his head and did not answer, Shutong was sleepy and yawned.He saw that the candle was almost burnt out, so he replaced it with another one, and then sat on the mat, accompanying Zhuge Liang.After a while, he leaned against the desk, closed his eyes, and dozed off. In the dead of night, the candlelight was dim, but Zhuge Liang's eyes became brighter and brighter.After a long time, Zhuge Liang stood up, moved his hands and feet for a while, came to the desk, grabbed the pen, spread out the Caihou paper, and wrote quickly at the desk. He put down his pen, took a long breath, picked up the manuscript, looked it up and down, and then whistled softly.He stood up, looked around, woke up the book boy, walked out of the classroom softly, chanted the ditty of "Liang Fu Yin", and set foot on the country road back to Longzhong thatched cottage. When Duke Pang woke up, he raised his eyes and looked out the window. Seeing that the moon had risen to the sky, he suddenly thought of Zhuge Liang, so he got up and walked quietly to the classroom.The candlelight was flickering, and there was no movement. He leaned over and looked inside, but Zhuge Liang was nowhere to be seen, which disappointed him greatly. He walked into the classroom and found the answer sheet left by Zhuge Liang on the desk.Duke Pound felt a little relieved in his heart. He picked up the manuscript and began to browse, reading and reading, his spirit lifted.He sat down, savored it carefully, couldn't help clicking his tongue, and finally recited: "There are five evils in a military country: one is to form cliques and link up with one another, destroying virtuous men; Right and wrong, selfishly mobilizing the masses; Wuyue, serving gains and losses, making enemies secretly. These so-called treacherous, hypocritical and moral people can be far away and not close." A few words, concise, refreshing.Pang Degong secretly praised: "This Kongming is not the enlightenment of a single hole, but the insight of a sage with Confucius." He already felt that Zhuge Liang had profound academic skills and extraordinary insight. The next day, Zhuge Liang didn't come late because he worked hard last night.When Pang Degong woke up, Zhuge Liang had already filled the water tank in the teacher's house and knelt on the head of the bed for a long time.Pang Degong smiled slightly, and called Zhuge Liang who was kneeling in front of him to stand up and speak.He has decided to formally accept the student. Mr. Pang De said: "Kong Ming, please remember that from now on, whenever you want to ask me about learning, you should not call my in-laws father. Instead, you should call me teacher or sir." Zhuge Liang understood, and couldn't help but be filled with joy, and responded loudly: "The teacher is on the top, and the students kneel and worship." Guild Pound laughed heartily. He helped Zhuge Liang, and said earnestly: "To be my student, you must first learn to be a man. Being a man is the same as being a scholar. It is tempered." Afterwards, Zhuge Liang followed Pang Degong to learn the art of using soldiers, and finally created the "Eight Arrays".