Chapter 4 Two, be taught

The world situation is like floating clouds in the sky, and time is like a turbulent river. Everything is changing, and it becomes so fast.In just a few years, Zhu Yuanzhang's momentum has changed from what it used to be.In the seventh year of Longfeng (to the twenty-first year of Zhengzheng, 1361), he was named Wu Guogong by King Xiaoming. Then, he defeated Chen Youliang at Poyang Lake. Chen Youliang died of an arrow, and his son Chen Li was forced to surrender.In the ten years of Dragon and Phoenix, Zhu Yuanzhang established himself as the king of Wu, established a hundred palaces, established a system, and seemed to be the master of one party.He then attacked Zhang Shicheng in Jiangbei and captured Taizhou and Gaoyou.Then, they turned around and attacked Zhang Shicheng's base area, and went down to Huzhou and Hangzhou to approach Pingjiang, winning successively.At this time, King Xiaoming, the protagonist of the Song Dynasty regime, was in a precarious situation.Anfeng, where he was located, was once besieged by Zhang Shicheng, and King Xiao Ming fled to Chuzhou in a black storm.Zhu Yuanzhang sent Liao Yongzhong to welcome King Xiaoming to Yingtian, but when the boat arrived in the middle of the river, the boat capsized and people died, no matter it was the wind and waves, or Liao Yongzhi's carelessness, or some other reason, anyway, this person was killed by Zhu Yuanzhang. King Xiao Ming, whom the counselors called "Mu Shu", is dead.Zhu Yuanzhang canceled the Dragon and Phoenix Year of the Song Dynasty and renamed it Wu Yuannian (1376).This year, the powerful enemy Zhang Shicheng was captured and Fang Guozhen surrendered.Zhu Yuanzhang just waited to send his troops north to compete in the Central Plains.

This year, Zhu Di was already eight years old. He was born with majesty, and was especially loved by Zhu Yuanzhang and his wife. So far, Zhu Yuanzhang has seven sons. The eldest son is 13 years old. When he was king of Wu, he was established as the son of the world.The second child, Zhu Xing, is twelve years old, the third child Zhu is over ten years old, and the youngest seventh child, Zhu Xing, is already four years old.Although the world is still at war at this time, these princes and princes were born in comfort and grew up in wealth after all.They will no longer suffer from Zhu Yuanzhang's childhood. They don't have to herd cattle, eat grass roots and bark, and don't need to be wandering monks who look like beggars.Zhu Yuanzhang placed great expectations on them, expecting them to inherit the great cause he created in the future.He knows well that a dude who is ignorant of the world cannot take on great responsibilities.He hoped that the disciples would know what is suffering and what is toil.On October 22 of this year, he asked his eldest brother Zhu Biao and second child Zhu Xi to visit their ancestors' tombs in Linhao. By the way, he learned about the sufferings of the people and the difficulties of starting a business, and also set an example for his younger brothers.When Zhu Biao left, he said to the scholars:

The world calls Emperor Gaozong of Shang and King Cheng of Zhou virtuous emperors, do you know that?Emperor Gaozong worked outside and knew the sufferings of the people. King Cheng had heard the lesson of Wuyi early on, and knew the difficulties of farming, so he dared not take time off in his reign, and was able to practice diligence and thrift.Now all of you sons were born in wealth and honor, and have not been involved in hardships.Human nature is accustomed to banquets, and it is bound to be arrogant and lazy.Besides, you will have a country and a family in the future, so you must be careful.

Today, you are like the neighboring counties, visiting the mountains and rivers, and experiencing the fields. Because of the dangers and difficulties of the road, you can know the hard work of the pommel horse; Evil, that is, the place where the ancestors' tombs are, visit the elders, ask me about the current events of my army crossing the river, know it in my heart, and know that it is not easy for me to start a business. In November Jiawu, the circular mound was built, Zhu Yuanzhang went out to watch, and the son followed the line. Zhu Yuanzhang ordered the left and right to guide, traverse the farmhouses, and observe the eating utensils in their residences.After returning, Zhu Yuanzhang said to the son: "Do you know that the farmers are tired? The husband and the farmer never leave the farmland, never let go of the lei, and work hard all the year round, without rest. They live in a thatched grass household, and they are no more than practicing. Dressed in common clothes, what you eat and drink is nothing more than vegetables, soup and rice, and all the state funds come from it. Therefore, let you know that wherever you eat, you must think about the labor of the farm. If it is further suppressed horizontally, the people will be unbearable."

Just after that, on December 11th, Li Shanchang, Zuo Xiangguo Xuan Guogong of Zhongshu Province, led all the civil and military officials to present Zhu Yuanzhang with a form of persuasion, asking Zhu Yuanzhang to ascend the throne.Zhu Yuanzhang declined for a while, so that he could sacrifice to heaven on December 22 and decide to ascend to the throne.Zhu Yuanzhang has become the actual emperor, and the official ceremony is short.However, in the midst of government affairs at the beginning of the new dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang was still thinking about the cultivation of the masters.He knows that only with reliable descendants can the great cause he created be passed on for a long time, and the hard work he put in in his management will not be wasted.In the era when the father passed the family to the son, Zhu Yuanzhang's thinking was normal.Originally, "Under the sky, is it the land of the king", for the emperor and his descendants, the country is the family, the family is the country, the family and the country are one, and its continuation must be based on the blood of the Zhu family for the sign.On the 24th, Zhu Yuanzhang officially named the sons.He informed the Taimiao about the important event to be written into the clan genealogy.The statement reads:

The birth of a son is named after the father, and the ceremony is very important, which is the same in ancient and modern times.Respecting his ancestors, since raising his troops across the river, he has given birth to seven sons.Today the eldest son is named Biao, the next one is called Ji, Guo, Di, ■, Zhen, Yu, and the grandson is called Wei, dare to tell it. At the same time, Zhu Yuanzhang considered that the masters had grown up gradually, so they should practice hard work so as not to be arrogant.He asked his servants to do some hemp work, and all the princes who went a little far from the city had to ride two miles on horseback and walk once on foot, so that they could personally experience the taste of hard work.

It has been almost a year since Zhu Yuanzhang ascended the pole.During this year, the army of the Ming Dynasty won successive victories in the north and south expeditions.Fujian and Guangdong have been included in the territory one after another.The Northern Expeditionary Army passed through Shandong and Hebei and approached Dadu, forcing Emperor Yuan Shun to lead his subjects to abandon the city and flee to Shangdu. They conquered the ruling center of the Yuan Dynasty for nearly a hundred years, and Zhu Yuanzhang officially replaced the Yuan Dynasty as the ruler of the country. On November 4th of the first year of Hongwu, heavy snow covered the city of Nanjing.In the imperial city, a piece of Qionglouyuyu, the vast and vast Zhongshan also looks more majestic and magnificent.Yesterday during the winter solstice, Zhu Yuanzhang went to the Circular Hill to offer sacrifices to the God of Heaven, and all the officials came to celebrate the completion of this great ceremony.Today Zhu Yuanzhang specially invited hundreds of officials to a banquet in Fengtian Hall.As soon as the banquet was over, Zhu Yuanzhang came to Dahon Hall on foot.This is where the crown prince and his sons study.There are ancient and modern books in the Dabentang, and the teachers are famous Confucianists from all over the country. They were recruited by Zhu Yuanzhang himself based on the recommendation of his officials.Zhu Yuanzhang asked the teacher not only to cultivate the virtues of the scholars, but also to discuss with them "the story of folk farming" and "the traces of success in the past" so that the scholars can understand the people's sentiments and increase their political knowledge.The teachers take turns to hold nights in the Daben Hall, and there are also a group of smart young people selected from all over the country to accompany the students. These masters are serious enough.They have strict control over the princes.Those who don't listen to the teaching among the philosophers will even be beaten.Once, the teacher hit the naughty prince on the forehead with a pipe. Zhu Yuanzhang lost his temper because of this. After Queen Ma's persuasion, the matter was over. Dabendang is the place where Zhu Yuanzhang often comes. I often discuss the past and the present with the teachers, comment on the text, and sometimes give banquets and write poems to sing with each other.

The main hall is just a few rafters, without gorgeous decoration.There are a few bunches of pruning bamboo along the path in front of the hall. There are no pavilions, but there are patches of vegetable fields. The overwintering vegetables show a little bit of green in the white snow.Zhu Yuanzhang once said to the crown prince and other princes: "It is imperative to set up pavilions and terraces as a place for sightseeing. Today, but the envoys are ordered to grow vegetables. I sincerely can't bear to hurt the people's wealth and labor the people's ears. In the past, the Shang Dynasty worshiped Decorating the palace, showing no compassion to the people, the world resents it, and the country perishes. Emperor Wen of Han wanted to build a balcony, but he was reluctant to spend a hundred gold. There are always warnings." In the courtyard of Dabentang, there are pictures hanging, which were specially drawn by Zhu Yuanzhang for the masters in April this year.There are stories of ancient filial piety in the painting, as well as the hardships Zhu Yuanzhang experienced personally and the deeds of the Southern Conquest and Northern War.He said to his courtiers: "My family is a farmer, and my grandfathers are all elders. They have been loyal and loyal in the past, and have accumulated good fortune for the rest of my life. Those who draw this picture today will let future generations see it and know that the king's career is difficult." All the close ministers said : "Your Majesty Zhaode has taught you, nothing is more important than this." Zhu Yuanzhang also said: "Wealth is easy to be arrogant, and hardship is easy to forget. For a long time, don't forget it. The descendants of future generations grow up in the deep palace, only seeing wealth, accustomed to luxury, and do not know the difficulties accumulated by the ancestors. Therefore, it is shown in this way. If you look at it day and night, the common people will be alerted."

Zhu Yuanzhang came to Dabentang, talked about the etiquette, and asked about the lessons of the scholars, and asked all the teachers and Confucians to write essays.His title is "Zhongshan Panlong Fu".Zhu Yuanzhang has a great talent and general plan, and the title of this article is also an emperor.Every teacher and Confucianism has made a contribution to the scene.Zhu Yuanzhang was very happy, and ordered his servants to hold a banquet to entertain all the teachers and scholars.Zhu Yuanzhang came here on a whim, and he also wrote an "Ode to Shi Xue".He gave this gift to all the teachers and Confucians.Although Zhu Yuanzhang is only proficient in writing and ink, he is extremely talented. After years of hard work and influence, he has cultivated his keen sense of intelligence, so many of his writings are readable.Of course, the teachers and Confucians regard the emperor's gift as a great honor, and they are all sincerely grateful.Before leaving, Zhu Yuanzhang ordered to give each of the teachers and scholars a set of crown uniforms.It was already dusk when Zhu Yuanzhang returned to Qianqing Palace.

Zhu Yuanzhang paid great attention to the knowledge of the masters, so he also had many requirements for teachers.On the fifth day of April in the second year of Hongwu, he said to Kong Keren, a doctor who taught the scriptures to the scholars and the children of heroes: "If a person has fine gold, he must seek good refinement and mold it. If he has beautiful jade, he must seek good workmanship. As for the children, If you have beautiful qualities and don’t ask for a teacher to teach them, how can you love your children like gold and jade? Master Gai is a model scholar and makes them into tools. Because of their talents, they will be cultivated. My sons will have the responsibility of the world and the country, and the children of heroes will be There is a duty to send. The way of teaching should be based on righteousness, and everything will be reasonable. If you don’t keep it right, you will be attacked by many desires, and the harm is beyond words. Qing and others should be supplemented by practical learning, Don’t just imitate the excerpts from the Records of Scribes.”

Zhu Yuanzhang also used his own personal experience to educate the scholars from time to time.May 12th of this year.On the way back to the palace, although the weather was hot, the farmers did not dare to delay the farming season. They worked hard, looking forward to a good harvest in autumn.Zhu Yuanzhang saw it, and thought of the hardships he had experienced in his childhood, he couldn't bear to ride on the horse anymore.He dismounted from his horse and walked from Dulonggang to Chunhua Gate. He rode back to the palace when he arrived at Chunhua Gate.He said to his followers: "I haven't seen the farmland for a long time, and it's very hard for those who see the fields to work in the summer heat. Because of Min Qi's labor, I don't realize this on foot. Farming is the foundation of the country, and all the needs are produced. If he works hard As a shepherd, do you also taste what Min Nian said? And they are all human beings, living in wealth and honor, but not knowing the hardships of poverty and lowliness. The ancients often took it as a warning. Husband's clothes and silk should think of the weaver's diligence, and millet should be remembered for the pain of the plowman. For this reason, I don’t feel pity in my heart.” The next day, he talked with Kong Keren and other scholars about the matter of going to Zhongshan.He asked his servant to call a little boy, and Zhu Di and the others saw that they were about the same age as him, so they didn't know what his father was going to say for a while.It turned out that Zhu Yuanzhang took his servants to Zhongshan yesterday, and the boy was also serving there.Although his head was red and his face was flushed from running, he was still sweating profusely, but he was still diligent.Zhu Yuanzhang couldn't help but think of his own children, how arrogant and extravagant it is to be pampered.He secretly wrote down his name, intending to use him as an example to teach the scholars.He called the little boy to the front of the scholars and said to them: "This boy is about the same age as you, and he is already able to run and serve. Er Cao can't rely on being young and lazy. You should be diligent every day and night. My friend I'm afraid that he will live in wealth and enjoy himself." However, no matter what Zhu Yuanzhang said, Zhu Di and the others could not understand the hardships of a child. Being a prince is not as valuable as a child who is a slave.However, Kong Keren compared Zhu Yuanzhang's words to Zhou Chengwang's no-yield ring. In order to institutionalize and legalize the restraint and education of the princes, Zhu Yuanzhang ordered the Zhongshu Province to compile the "Zu Xunlu" in April this year, and at the same time ordered the Zhongshu Province to formulate the system of feudal kings and establish their fiefdoms. , township and government regulations.