Chapter 22 A Survey of Modern European Literature (1)

The classical literature of the Middle Ages is magnificent and majestic, and in the early eighteenth century, its power still declined.It is a rule to operate gus, hairpins and pens.Later, under the influence of the French Revolution, the passionate and sincere poetic style developed into a new trend of thought in the literary and art circles, that is, Romanticism.By the nineteenth century, based on their own progress and the development of the concept of reality, more refined descriptions and authentic poetic materials emerged, and realism and naturalism appeared in the second half of the nineteenth century.At the end of the century, the new idealism of the reactionary force sprouted in Europe.

Above its outline.More details are as follows (below): Chapter 1 English Literature At the end of the eighteenth century, monotonous poetry and prose were neglected, and then they faded away.There are more and more people studying ancient poetry and folk songs, so its literature is full of fresh interest.To 1798 W. Wordsworth and S. T． Colerridge co-authored "Lyri-cal Bollades" ("Lyri-cal Bollades") is now in the world.The innovation of the singing and prose of the two families is the pioneer of sincere literature. The world is known as the ancestor of modern poetics, and 1798 is also called the year of the birth of English literature. W． The works of Wordsworth (17701850) are not ostentatious, but fresh and high-minded, with passion and unrestrainedness as their specialty. S． T． Colerridge (17721834) was profound in knowledge, vague in thought, and sharp in critical eye. His works are admired by the world for their sincerity of style and freedom of rhyme.

Then Walter Scott (17711832) and George Gordon Byron (17781824) came out. Scott has a talent for opera, his prose is vigorous, his poetry is rich and beautiful, and he is the ancestor of historical novels. Byron's poems have long been recited in the continents of the world, and modern literature has been greatly influenced by them. The Byron family was poor and suffered from family responsibilities, so he went to his home country in 1824 to join the Greek Independence Army and died there. Percy Bysshe Shelley (17921822) also avoided living in southern Europe due to the oppression of the religious authority, and was a poet with unlucky ideals.His works are graceful and sublime, and show a mysterious tendency.

The poetic style influenced by the Great Revolution ends at Shelley.At that time, there was John Keats (17951821) who pioneered a new style of poetry with outstanding talent. The poems written by Keats have both classic spirit and gorgeous color.Therefore, the appearance and content are pure and perfect, without any regrets. Alfred Tennyson (18091892), known as the most accomplished poet of the nineteenth century.His masterpieces "The Princess" (published in 1847), "In Memoriam" (published in 1850) and "Idylls of the King" (published in 1859) are widely read by the world.

Robert Browning (18121889) is as famous as Tennyson. He is famous for his strange and gloomy writing skills and his majestic appearance. In addition, Dante Gabriel Rossetti (18281882) and William Morris (18341896) were both influenced by the PreRaphaelitism school in the painting world.His lyrical poems are written with medieval taste and godly belief. Algernan Charles Swinburne (18371909) also belonged to this school, with profound knowledge and the beauty of poetry, which is outstanding in the modern literary world. In the field of novels in this century, Scott is quite famous. By the time of Victoria, Charles Dickens (18121870) and William Makepeace Thackeray (18111863) were two masters. The tone describes the inside and outside of the upper-class gentleman society, and it shines in the novel world.

George Eliot (1816 was mistaken by Li Shutong. George Eliot should have been born in 1819. 1880) and Charles Kingslay (18191875) were also famous for their lofty thinking and powerful tone.Until recently Stavanson (1850-1894) wrote beautiful novels in a vigorous and free style. Meradith (18281909) with lofty thoughts and subtle observations, has soared in the modern literary world.Others, Charles Lemb (17751834) and De Qucncey (17851859) are famous for their unique prose and essays. By the middle of this century, English critics included Carlyle and Macaulay, and then Ruskin, Arnold, Pater, Symonds, etc. rose up one after another, shining brilliant brilliance for the critics.

Carlyle (17911881), with vigorous thinking and powerful writing, wrote "Hero-worship" ("Hero-worship"), which was widely read for a while.He started with literary criticism, and then gradually progressed to social criticism and civilization criticism. Macaulay (1800-1859), in the first half of his life, he was a great man in politics, serving as the foundation of the Indian Empire; in the second half of his life, he was a critic and the leader of the critics.His masterpiece "History of England" is an immortal masterpiece. Ruskin (18191900), known as the prophet of the nineteenth century, is the ancestor of art criticism in England.Its representative masterpiece "Modern Painters" ("Modern Painters") insists on naturalism and is amazed by the art world.In addition, the works on art research include "The Seven Lamps Architecture" ("The Seven Lamps Architecture"), etc., with correct comments and beautiful articles.

Arnold (18201888), grand and lofty in thought, full of elegance, is actually above Ruskin."Essays in Criticism" ("Essays in Criticism") published in 1865 is its representative work.