Chapter 16 Chapter 14 Love for China (1)

· The vicissitudes of the century-old Olympic Games ·Several ups and downs · A vote of failure ·He Zhenliang and Samaranch "Deng Yaping is one of my favorite athletes" Torches roared and carols sang.Thousands of doves of peace spread their wings and fly high in all directions.Players from 11 European countries, the United States, and Australia flocked to the oval stadium decorated with white marble reliefs.This is April 5, 1896, Athens, Greece, the opening ceremony of the first Olympic Games. It was found that there is no representative of any Asian country here, and there is no Asian with yellow skin and black hair.Has the International Olympic Committee forgotten the far east?

One day during the preparations for the first Olympic Games, the staff of the French embassy in Beijing Dongjiaomin Lane sent a letter to the Qing government, where the Empress Dowager Cixi listened to the government and Li Hongzhang presided over the diplomacy. This was the Greek Olympic Organizing Committee’s invitation to China to participate in the first Olympic Games letter. Thinking about it now, people may be a little puzzled by the Olympic Committee's invitation to China.At that time, China was trembling under the threat of foreign guns and cannons of imperialists such as Britain, France, Japan, the United States, and Russia.The great China was burned all over by the opium war, Sino-Japanese War and other fierce fires.Corrupt and backward, vulnerable, it seems that any western devil can cut off a piece of fat from her.France, the homeland of Lord Coubertin, also took advantage of the fire.Napoleon's third ruling France brazenly colluded with Britain and launched the second Opium War. The Sino-French war forced the Qing government to sign unequal treaties, cede land and pay compensation, lose power and humiliate the country.The French imperialists participated in the suppression of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and the Boxer Rebellion, and their hands were stained with the blood of the Chinese people.

In the eyes of Westerners, what a glorious era the Chinese Empire has had.The European philosopher Voltaire said that China is "the most beautiful, oldest, largest, most populous and best governed country in the world".Feuerbach said: "European governments must take China as a model." Powell said: "China can provide the world with a wonderful place to go." In France, "Chinese style" and "Chinese taste" were also popular .At the time of Louis XIV, Chinese sedan chairs almost became the necessary means of transportation for dignitaries and dignitaries.The royal family holds masquerade parties, and people take it as an honor to dress up as Chinese.

However, the sound of gunfire at the Sino-British war destroyed the prestige of the Qing court and broke the admiration and admiration of the West for China.A Prussian missionary Guo Shila asserted: "The dragon in China will be abolished, and only Christianity can save this 'dead' civilized country." It is a ignorant and proud country, a country without self-renewal ability and lack of vitality, a member of the backward countries in the world." Speaking of which, one cannot help feeling admiration for Lord Coubertin.He and the International Olympic Committee did not hold back the contempt and contempt Westerners had for China at that time, but extended a friendly hand.

Why is this?China, after all, is a big country with a population of 400 million. After all, it was once the most developed and prestigious country in the world, and the country that contributed the most to mankind.The Four Great Inventions, the Great Wall... the sleeping lion is stupefied, but its majesty still exists.However, the most convincing explanation is probably the ideal and purpose of the Olympic movement.Its ideal is: to promote peace, friendship and solidarity among athletes from all countries.Its purpose is: to encourage the organization and development of sports and sports competitions; to inspire and lead sports under the guidance of the Olympic ideal, thereby promoting and strengthening the friendship between athletes from all countries; to ensure that the Olympic Games will be held on schedule; The glorious history and lofty ideals of the Olympic Games restored by Lord Jean Coubertin and his colleagues.At the beginning of the modern Olympic movement, Coubertin and his colleagues worked hard to uphold the ideals and purposes of the Olympic Games, insisting that the gate of the Olympic Games is open to all countries and nations, no matter whether they are big or small, rich or weak, Western or Eastern. Yes... It was only natural for the Olympic Games to send invitations to China at that time.

What is puzzling is why the Qing government at that time did not respond to the invitation of the Olympic Committee.This may be a little bit of a sphinx mystery on China's road to the Olympics. In 1912, a foreigner named Brown came to Shanghai, China. He was the secretary of the Philippine YMCA and the president of the Philippine Sports Association.The purpose of his coming to China is to hold a Far East Games in which China, Japan, and the Philippines will participate.At that time, sports in China and the Philippines were largely controlled by the YMCA. Brown's visit was immediately supported by the YMCA.Before that, Manila, the capital of the Philippines, organized a "Carnival" festival every February, including sports competitions, and constantly invited players from China and Japan to participate in the fun. The foundation for the joint sports meeting of the three countries has already been established.What's more, in China at that time, the interest in modern sports was in the ascendant, and everyone seemed to agree with it, and things were easy to handle.At this time, the "National School District Team First Sports League", which had been established in China, became the sports organization that co-sponsored the Far East Games with Brown.After negotiating with Japan, the Far East Amateur Sports Association, the first regional sports organization in the history of Asian sports, was born in the east of the world.This is an extraordinary thing for the Asian sports world and the Chinese sports world.In fact, with this organization, Asia has the qualification to have a direct dialogue with the International Olympic Committee in Lausanne, Switzerland.

The Far East Sports Association quickly made a decision: to hold the Far East Games every two years, and the big cities of the three countries will take turns to host it.Interestingly, the original name of the Far Eastern Games was "Far Eastern Olympic Games".This name reflects the positive tendency of Asian sports to move closer to the international Olympic movement in order to enter the world sports arena. When most of the sports in the world outside the European and American continents were still limited to domestic activities, the sound of the starting gun at the joint sports meeting of the three countries in the Far East reached Lausanne.Lord Coubertin smiled and looked east at the new changes in ancient China.When the second Far Eastern Games was held in Shanghai in May 1915, he ordered the Olympic Committee to send a congratulatory message, and announced that they recognized the Far Eastern Olympic Committee (Far Eastern Sports Association) as the Eastern branch of the International Olympic Committee, and invited China Participate in the sixth Olympic Games.It is gratifying that the International Olympic Committee values ​​the Far East Sports Association so much.Every time the Far East Games is held, the International Olympic Committee will definitely send a member as a special envoy, and designate a sportsman in the member country as a special representative of the Olympic Committee to guide the Far East Games.As early as when the Far East Games was established, they were encouraged by the International Olympic Committee. They sent a golden wreath to the Far East Games as a reward.

If the invitation issued by the International Olympic Committee to the Qing court in 1895 is counted as the first invitation to China, then participating in the sixth Olympic Games should be regarded as the second invitation.Both invitations are an opportunity for China.It is puzzling that China did not seize this opportunity.History once again left great regrets on China's road to the Olympics.Some scholars said that China's chances of going to the Olympics were destroyed by the flames of the First World War.Indeed, the sixth Olympic Games, which were supposed to be held in Germany in 19!6, were stopped because Germany launched the First World War.

In 1919, the flames of the World War were extinguished, and the world returned to temporary peace. In 1920, the IOC officially established its relationship with the Far East Sports Association. On May 30, 1921, a Japanese judo master named Jigoro Kano arrived in Shanghai.He put down his luggage and drove to Hongkou Stadium. Accompanied by sports officials from China, Japan and the Philippines, he boarded the rostrum.On behalf of the International Olympic Committee, he congratulated the Fifth Far East Games held in Shanghai.Kano is the founder of Japanese Judo and an old friend of China.He spent a lot of effort on the early Chinese students studying in Japan. The Hongwen College privately opened by Kano has admitted 7192 Chinese students, of which 3810 graduated from this school.Famous Chinese writers Lu Xun, revolutionaries Huang Xing, Chen Duxiu, etc. have all studied here.

As soon as Kano appeared on the rostrum, there was immediate applause in the venue.People clearly feel that the International Olympic Committee's attention to the Far East Sports Association and Chinese sports has become more real and real.Sure enough, the following year, the International Olympic Committee absorbed China's Wang Zhengting as a member of the International Olympic Committee, becoming China's first Olympic Committee member.It seems that the time for the Chinese to appear in the Olympic Games is not far away. Wang Zhengting, courtesy name Rutang, was born in Fenghua, Zhejiang.He has been involved in officialdom and diplomacy for many years, with several ups and downs.In his youth, he had a close relationship with the YMCA, and became the general director of the National Association of the Chinese YMCA.He studied in the United States.After the Wuchang Uprising broke out, he served as the Deputy Director of Foreign Affairs of the Governor's Mansion. After the founding of the Republic of China in 1912, he served as Deputy Minister and Acting Chief of the Department of Industry and Commerce of Tang Shaoyi's Cabinet, and was elected President of the Senate the following year.He also participated in the law protection movement and acted as the foreign minister of the military government.This person has been in diplomacy for a long time, serving as foreign minister and ambassador to the United States several times. In 1935, he was transferred back to China to serve as the executive committee member of the Kuomintang Central Committee. In 1949, he moved to Hong Kong. Died in Hong Kong in 1961.

The reason why Wang Zhengyan became a member of the Chinese Olympic Committee is that he is firstly a political celebrity, secondly, a prominent figure in the YMCA, thirdly, a veteran diplomat, and fourthly, an influential figure in the sports world. The president of the fifth and eighth Far East Games.Not only has status, but also can afford to sponsor and support the Far East Games.Unexpectedly, since this person wore the hat of a member of the Olympic Committee, he never attended the meetings of the International Olympic Committee.From this point of view, Wang's participation in sports is just as an "amateur" activity, a capital to gain social status and international reputation.As for attending IOC meetings, that is irrelevant.How can this advance the relationship between China and the Olympic Committee?At that time, the Chinese government's official attitude towards the Olympic Games was negligent, and its superficial understanding can be seen.Just imagine, if the Chinese government and the Olympic Committee adopt an attitude of active cooperation and participation, why would it take until 1931 for the International Olympic Committee to officially recognize China's first national sports organization, the All-China Sports Association? What about China's National Olympic Committee? In 1928, the ninth Olympic Games was held in Amsterdam, the Netherlands.The door of the Olympic Games is once again open to China.At this time, the First World War, which dragged mankind into the abyss of evil, ended for ten years. With the healing of war wounds, people and athletes from various countries regained understanding under the five-ring flag. 46 teams gathered in the Netherlands, surpassing any time in history.Even Germany was squeezed into the International Olympic Committee.The beautiful and functional Olympic stadium in Amsterdam has once again become the world where human beings find friendship and progress.Undoubtedly, after more than 30 years of ups and downs, the international community understands and likes the World Olympics better.However, when the representative of the Queen of the Netherlands announced the opening of the Olympic Games, there was no China among the countries present, and only one Chinese came to watch the ceremony.This person's surname is Song and his first name is Ruhai.Song was alone, standing silently in the stands, watching foreign national flags leading athletes of different skin colors to the field, not knowing what it was like in his heart. Can't China send a few athletes here?After returning to China, Mr. Song wrote a booklet called "I Can Compare", which was derived from the pronunciation of Olympia.The author explained on the title page of the book: "I can compare. Although it is a transliteration, it also has great significance. It shows that everyone can participate in the competition, but everything requires determination and courage to compete with others." Song Song Sir was only half right.Just think about it, athletes can't even step out of the country, even if they have determination and perseverance, what's the use? In 1924, the eighth Olympic Games in Paris was about to be held.Three Chinese students studying in the United States who like to play tennis, Wu Shiguang, Wei Rongluo, and Xu Heng, got together, and the discussion center was angry that China did not send athletes to participate.At this time, the Americans have formed a huge Olympic team of 291 people and are about to go on an expedition.What a style!In contrast, China, with 400 million people, is still waiting and watching outside the gate of the Olympic Games.How can a Chinese with a little patriotism remain indifferent! These lovely boys, knowing that their tennis skills are difficult to match the world's best players, and that no one will generously give them money, resolutely paid for their travel expenses.They first detoured to Australia to participate in the Davis Cup tennis match as a warm-up.Immediately after the game, he rushed to Paris non-stop, and proudly entered the Olympic tennis court.They were eliminated in the first round.People don't know how they qualified for the competition, and under what banner they signed up.Perhaps, in their view, the significance lies not in winning or losing the competition, but in participating; it lies in the fact that they are Chinese with black hair and yellow skin.Because they were not dispatched by their motherland, and their technical level was not surprising, sports historians did not regard them as the first batch of Chinese athletes to officially participate in the Olympic Games.Looking back today, how brave, how confident, how majestic, and how shining their actions were.Do they have the self-defeating and sluggish appearance of some Chinese people?No.What is no one in China! The morning of July 8, 1932.Along the Huangpu River in Shanghai. The sky that had been cloudy for many days seemed to clear up suddenly. In the blue sky, there were a few piles of cotton-like white clouds floating.The western-style buildings on the Bund stand upright amidst the noise.Nanjing Road, Longhai Road... Pedestrians flow towards the banks of the Huangpu River like a tidal wave. The Huangpu River, the muddy water, the huge ships with the Stars and Stripes and the Mi Ziqi flags, the dull sound of sirens, and the thick smoke from the large factories in Pudong... The pier was crowded with people of all colors.Suits and leather shoes, robes and jackets, there are government officials, ordinary citizens, students, businessmen, rickshaw drivers.A banner more than ten meters long read: "Send you off today, and look forward to the good news tomorrow." Some people held small triangular flags in their hands, red, blue, green, and yellow.People were discussing and looking forward to it, and the haze of "September 18" that had condensed on their faces for a long time seemed to become brighter and happier. For the Chinese, this is an extremely unusual day. At about nine o'clock, a black Ford sedan drove into the pier amidst people's attention.Three people got out of the car, and one of them was a young man wearing a flannel jacket and white serge trousers. "He is Liu Changchun!" People immediately recognized the only athlete in China who was about to embark on the Olympic journey.At this time, Liu Changchun's name was well known to every household. A few days ago, various newspapers in Shanghai published large photos of Liu Changchun and the news that he was going to the Los Angeles Olympics.He will be the only athlete from China to cross the Pacific to Los Angeles to participate in the 10th Olympic Games.Walking beside Liu Changchun was He Gengsheng, a well-known sports figure, and the coach Song Junfu.After a while, Wang Zhengting, a Chinese member of the International Olympic Committee, also arrived at the pier to see him off with a woman dressed in jewels. Wang Zhengting said to Liu Changchun who was very excited: "This is the first time for China to send you to the Olympic Games. It is an honor for you to carry forward your fighting spirit in the Olympic Stadium in Los Angeles." Liu Changchun immediately stood at attention and saluted, and then replied: "I am entrusted by my compatriots all over the country to attend the Olympic Games. I am fully aware of the great responsibility. I should do my best and work hard in the meeting." Thunderous applause and cheers , converging into a wave of heat, attracting pedestrians to stop, and boats on the river slowed down to watch this spectacular farewell scene.The drivers of several freighters and passenger ships blew their horns to pay tribute to the athletes who were about to go on a long journey. The gray cruise ship President Wilson has long been docked at the pier, and the ship is covered with colored paper strips, red, yellow, green, and purple, fluttering in the breeze, and the blue empty, mixed with yellow The rivers and waters complement each other, creating a spectacular scene. "Woo--" President Wilson gave a long sound, as if calling the athletes to set off. Liu Changchun looked at the crowd seeing him off, at the wide Huangpu River leading to the sea, and hugged and said goodbye to his friends and colleagues one by one.The farewell words I had planned were squeezed in my throat and it was difficult to spit out.He was so excited, thousands of words turned into two lines of hot tears, gushing down his cheeks like spring water. When he stepped on the ferry bridge to board the ship, he suddenly felt how difficult it is for China, a country full of disasters and disasters, to take this step... What a difficult China, what a difficult nation, has paved a tortuous and bumpy Olympic road for itself. "It's time to board the ship, Mr. Liu and Song." The staff member who saw them off reminded. Liu Changchun and Song Junfu walked towards President Wilson on the trembling boarding ferry bridge. The Wilson, which has been eroded by wind and rain, looks old.The turbid waters of the Huangpu River swirl and rush past its sides. Liu Changchun stood still beside the boat, looking back at the shore, the people seeing him off frequently waved to him.At this moment, his mood was excited, excited, and heavy. It could even be said to be tragic.Yes, the huge China, with its 40 million compatriots, went to the World Olympics for the first time, and only sent him as a player. Can his own shoulders support the expectations of the Chinese people who are so heavy?This is the expectation of the entire Chinese nation! He recalled that when he was in Peiping in early July, not to mention relatives and friends, even students from Peking University and Tsinghua University came to him one after another, encouraging him to "fight for the Chinese people."A painter specially drew a Chinese painting of "Great Peng Spreading Wings" to honor him. "Stay angry", how much bullying and humiliation the Chinese have suffered in the past hundred years, where is there a place to vent their anger for them?Some dignitaries in Beiping specially invited him to their home to hold a feast for him, and there was a lot of consolation among them. He will never forget the days when he arrived in Shanghai. On the afternoon of the 4th, when he arrived at the Zhonghua Stadium for practice, the place was already surrounded by spectators. The venue personnel pushed the spectators who had rushed onto the track several times and told them not to affect Liu Changchun's training.The reporters followed closely, asking all kinds of questions, big and small, easy to answer or difficult to answer.There were also a steady stream of other guests visiting.Here is also a record of Liu Changchun's other schedule in Shanghai: On the 5th, journalists from various newspapers were entertained, and He Gengsheng reported the process of China sending personnel to attend the Olympic Games. On the afternoon of the 6th, the Shanghai news circle cleaned up the dust for Liu Changchun. On the evening of the 7th, nearly 2,000 people from 24 groups in Shanghai held a reception at the East Asia Hotel as a farewell party for Liu and Song. On the morning of June 6 and 7, Shanghai Fox Film Company made a sound film for him, so that it could be shipped to the United States for release and publicity. Clothing stores rushed to make clothes for him day after day. In addition to suits, he also had tuxedos and patent leather shoes, specially for dancing.Probably for the sake of not appearing too rustic to foreigners. There was also a small episode, they originally booked to take the steamer Max, but Coach Song was afraid that Liu Changchun would get seasick, so he changed to the Wilson with better facilities, and he didn't hesitate to post US dollars. These scenes are cheerful.But the joy is mixed with bitterness, anger, and sorrow of the nation. On September 18, 1931, Honjo Shigemi, commander of the Japanese Kwantung Army, ordered his garrison Shimabataka Kawashima Company to blow up the tracks near the Liutiaogou of the South Manchuria Railway, falsely accusing General Zhang Xueliang's Northeast Army of doing so, and ordered the Kwantung Army to attack Shenyang, bombarded the North Camp.Zhang Xueliang sent a telegram asking the Nanjing Kuomintang government to organize resistance.Chiang Kai-shek repeatedly replied: "absolutely no resistance" and "do our best to avoid conflict".The Japanese army captured Shenyang and Liaoning overnight.Large tracts of land in Jilin and Heilongjiang fell under the iron heels of the Japanese invaders in just 4 months and 18 days.The Japanese army was confident and arrogant, and the spearhead of aggression was approaching the pass. On the third day after the "September 18" incident, Liu Changchun, who was studying at Northeastern University, returned to his home in Dalian alone, preparing to go to Peiping to resume classes.The next day, I was summoned by the Japanese police station: "What is Liu Jun's plan?" "I just want to be quiet at home, and I have a classmate staying at my house, so I want to stay a few days and see the current situation before discussing it." Liu Changchun replied. The enemy has started to follow and monitor Liu Changchun.Liu Changchun didn't dare to stay at home for a long time, so he asked his lover to rush back to his mother's house overnight to collect 70 yuan for travel expenses. The next day, he quietly boarded a passenger ship to Tianjin and went to Peiping. How can the Japanese give up! Afterwards, the Japanese came to pester her twice more. "As long as you let your son go back to Dalian, the Manchurian Congress will give him the job of the biggest official in the Ministry of Education and Sports, otherwise..." The Japanese threatened Liu Changchun's father in every possible way, and let Liu Changchun represent "Manchuria" in the Olympic Games. Father Liu was forced to go to Peiping to look for his son. At the same time, he moved his family to the countryside in a panic to avoid the entanglement of the Japanese. Soon, the newspapers of the Puppet Manchukuo couldn't wait to publish a piece of news: famous track and field players Liu Changchun and Yu Xiwei would go to Los Angeles to compete as "Manchukuo" athletes.The Manchukuo puppet manipulated by Japan started ahead of schedule.They called the Los Angeles Olympic Organizing Committee and got approval.The U.S. replied by telegram acknowledging the proposal of "Manchukuo", and wanted to quickly hand over the "national flag" and "national anthem" of the so-called "Manchukuo" for their needs. When the news spread, the whole country was in an uproar, and the people were filled with righteous indignation. The wave of protests swept across the country, but the Kuomintang government remained indifferent.Especially the young students in the Tianjin area, many of them were exiled from the Northeast and entered the customs. They were full of national hatred and family hatred, so they marched and demonstrated. They angrily asked the Kuomintang government why they did not fight against the Japanese imperialist aggression. , and did not boycott Manchuria's conspiracy to participate in the Olympics.The Kuomintang officials hid and hid, and did not dare to talk to the students. Liu Changchun came up against the case: "Gou Yu's conscience is still there, and his blood is still flowing, how can he forget the motherland and work as a horse and cow for the puppet uncle." Mountains and rivers are shattered, and millions of people are under the ravages of imperialism. How can the masses of the people tolerate the non-resistance policy of the Kuomintang reactionaries, and how can they tolerate the government's abandonment of the Olympic qualifications to show China's independence and national prestige!The issue of the Olympic Games is once again closely linked with the fate of the country and the nation. Only two months away from the Olympic Games, the people of the country are very anxious.Liu Changchun resolutely issued a statement in Ta Kung Pao in early May 1932: "I am a descendant of the Chinese nation, I am a Chinese, and I will never represent the Puppet Manchukuo to attend the Tenth Olympic Games." It gave the Japanese imperialists a blow. At this time, Yu Xiwei was still in the Northeast, under the strict surveillance and control of Japanese imperialism, and could not escape.When Liu Changchun went south to Shanghai, he made a secret appointment with Yu Xiwei to also go south by boat from Dalian.Due to the obstruction of the Japanese and the inconvenient transportation, Yu Xiwei finally failed to make the trip.Yu Xiwei had no choice but to claim that he was sick at home, which deprived the Japanese imperialists of another player they could use. People are watching helplessly how the Kuomintang government will act. The National Sports Association really wanted to send members to participate in the competition, and once applied to the Kuomintang government.Waiting, waiting, seeing the beginning of May, the Ministry of Education finally opened the mouth: In view of the lack of time and lack of preparation, it decided not to send athletes to participate in the Olympic Games.The sports association has no money to raise, so it seems that it can only send a representative to watch the ceremony like the last Olympic Games. The Kuomintang government's indifference and insensitivity to the World Olympics gave the puppet Manchukuo an opportunity.This once again shows that without a people's government in China, the Olympic movement will never flourish. "Why not send Liu and Yu to participate in the Olympic Games as Chinese athletes?" This suggestion was quickly approved by many parties.But what about the money? At this moment, a middle-aged man with a curly hair, wearing a suit, and a somewhat refined style walked into General Zhang Xueliang's mansion.This person was He Gengsheng. He was the director of the Physical Education Department of Northeastern University at the time, and naturally had a lot of contacts with Zhang Xueliang, who was also the president of Northeastern University. After exchanging pleasantries, He Gengsheng raised the question of "money". General Zhang readily agreed and gave us $1,000 for the export. However, Yu Xiwei could not enter the customs and form a team, and Liu Changchun did not understand English. It was inconvenient for one person to go to the United States, so we had to send Song Junfu from the Department of Physical Education of Northeastern University as a coach to accompany him. , so the money is not enough.Zhang Xueliang learned that he added another $600, making a total of $1,600. Why is General Zhang so generous?The answer is written in the bloody history of the Northeast. In the early morning of June 4, 1928, the special train on which Zhang Zuolin, the leader of the Feng Faction warlord, drove into Huanggutun Station in the northwest of Shenyang, puffing out black smoke.With a loud bang, the huge amount of explosives that the Japanese had buried in the suspension bridge of the Nanman Railway exploded, blowing up the train.Zhang Zuolin was seriously injured in the bombing and was dying. When he was sent back to the Shenyang Commander's Mansion, he was sent to Huangquan.Zhang Xueliang, who was in Beiping, was shocked when he learned about it. He immediately dressed up as a soldier and drove back to Shenyang in a tank truck for the funeral. General Zhang saw through the sinister intentions of Japanese imperialism.In order to revitalize the Northeast, in addition to reorganizing the army and developing the economy, it also vigorously supports education and sports.After he inspected Northeastern University, he decided to allocate 1.5 million special funds from part of Zhang Zuolin's inheritance to build additional buildings for the two schools of grammar and law, a stadium, a library, and professors' residences. He also spent 5 million to establish the Hanqing Education Foundation to fund education. , Sports.So a wide golf course and a ping international tennis court appeared in Shenyang Beiling one after another. In September 1928, Japan and France held a track and field competition in Dalian, and Zhang Xueliang was invited to attend.General Zhang sent his brother Xueming to visit.After returning to Shenyang, Zhang Xueming expressed his thoughts: "The Japanese are able to defeat the French track and field team with a physique inferior to ours. It amazes us. Our country and Japan are of the same language and the same species. Seeing that Japan can defeat France today, we can see the East Asian nation. Our country urgently needs to reward sports today, in order to achieve a way to enter and exit the world." With the support of Zhang Xueliang, the three Northeast Provinces Joint Games, the Sino-French Model Games, etc. were held successively.For this reason, Zhang Xueliang allocated a huge sum of 250,000 yuan, and built a sports field with cement stands in Beiling.The stadium is horseshoe-shaped and can accommodate 30,000 spectators.There are still three days before the competition, and the site has not yet been completed. Zhang Xueliang was so anxious that he issued an emergency order to mobilize troops to work day and night, and deliver it in the early morning of the opening day. In addition, Zhang Xueliang also cherishes sports talents very much, and specially distributed 30 yuan a month to Liu Changchun, a famous sprinter, as an encouragement.The Northeast has created a group of sports talents represented by Liu Changchun. Liu Changchun was born in an ordinary family in Dalian. The Chinese people's hatred for the Japanese invaders had long been engraved deep in his young heart.In elementary school, Japanese children bullied Chinese children, and Chinese children had no choice but to fight back.Liu Changchun quit.Whenever a Chinese child is beaten or scolded, he is always at the front. He is old and powerful, and he is often the winner.When the Japanese teacher found out, he slapped Liu Changchun severely, and even lifted him and threw him heavily on the concrete floor.Liu Changchun couldn't get rid of his depressed mood, so he ran and kicked desperately on the playground.Playing football with Japanese kids, he kicked hard while running at high speed.The Japanese kids wanted to kick him, but they couldn't force him.Sports became the tool of Liu Changchun's revenge, and national hatred became the motivation for him to practice sports. When Liu Changchun was 14 years old, the 100-meter time had reached 11.8 seconds, and the 400-meter time was 59 seconds. In 1927, his 100-meter time was unexpectedly improved to 11 seconds.At the end of the year, he was absorbed as a student by the Department of Physical Education of Northeastern University, and came to train at the Beiling Sports Base founded by General Zhang Xueliang.Matches with the Japanese and Russians aroused the young man's sense of national self-improvement.When the country is at a critical moment, it is impossible for a conscientious and patriotic athlete not to closely link his victory or defeat with the honor and disgrace of the motherland.Once, a 4×400-meter relay match was held with Russian overseas Chinese.Liu Changchun was a few meters behind when he took the fourth shot, but his lightning speed made him reach the finish line more than ten meters ahead of his opponent, which stunned the Russian referee who was enforcing the law. In a China, Japan, and Germany track and field meeting in 1929, he ranked among the top 10 in the world with a 100-meter time of 10.6 seconds.This has almost become the best ranking in the world for the Chinese in the 100 meters since the Olympics. Liu Changchun, from one aspect, shows the great potential of the Chinese people to enter the Olympic Games. The vast Pacific Ocean is full of turbulent waves.Tropical storms hit mainland China from time to time.The President Wilson sailed out of the Huangpu River Estuary, carrying the representatives of the Chinese people and the expectations of the Chinese people, and slowly sailed to the west coast of the United States thousands of miles away. Los Angeles, west of the Pacific Ocean.In the morning, blue and golden yellow are intertwined.At dusk, the dusk quietly descends on the mountain, and the scenery is beautiful.Will Shirley Avenue was the most important road in Los Angeles at that time. It stretched from the civic center in the business district to the Pacific Ocean. There were row upon row of luxurious shops, apartments and buildings, which was very spectacular.Everyone from Hollywood stars to ordinary citizens likes to visit here. For the tenth Olympic Games, this scattered city has been dressed up, and slogans, ribbons, and balloons embellishing the Olympic atmosphere can be seen everywhere. At that time, Los Angeles was shrouded in the shadow of the Great Depression, and immigrants from all over the world poured in, which added to the city's burden.People here earn an average of $17 a week.Theft, rape, murder, and fraud can happen at any time.The world-famous metropolis has been described by one as an "incredible place that continues to amaze residents and visitors alike." The Chinese began to make a living in Los Angeles, California, probably dating back to 1848. The first group of immigrants were two men and one woman from Guangdong.They arrived on the west coast of the United States on the ship "Iron Cone".After getting off the boat, the man went straight to the gold mining area, and the woman went to work as a servant in the house of missionary Charlie Gillespie.Since the American businessmen who came to China to do business have heard that there is a big gold mine in California, the miners can become rich in one morning, so the mountains collapsed, the Pacific Ocean dried up, and the distance was shortened.The impoverished Chinese who were eager to survive joined the torrent of gold diggers from all over the world and poured into the Los Angeles area.By 1851, there were 2,500 Chinese in California, and by the 1930s, there were tens of thousands of Chinese.They mined mines, built roads, opened restaurants, worked as servants, and suffered discrimination and bullying.How many people were tortured to death under the curse of "Sick Man of East Asia". The news that the 10th Olympic Games will be held in Los Angeles made them very happy for a while, because the distant motherland would send people to participate in the competition, and there was a chance for foreigners to see that the Chinese were not the "sick men of East Asia".But later, the Olympic Games was about to open, and they were disappointed when they heard that only an observer had come.A few days later, there was another message that the participating Chinese team had already set off and was on the way.They turned sorrow into joy, ran to tell each other, waiting for the arrival of their relatives. At 4:00 p.m. on July 29, the Wilson, which had been tossing around in the Pacific Ocean for 25 days and nights, arrived at the port of Los Angeles amidst the cheers of hundreds of Chinese.Although the Chinese team disembarked was only two people, the emotion of the overseas wanderers meeting their relatives in the motherland still remained undiminished.Liu Changchun boarded a car and drove straight towards Chinatown under the guidance and escort of four American police motorcycles.The scene at that time was very spectacular. After hearing the sound, the Chinese-Americans who came here formed a long queue of nearly 1 kilometer, cheering and encouraging Liu Changchun.Then there were successive banquets by overseas Chinese from all walks of life.The banquet was sumptuous and luxurious, and the cups and cups were staggered for fear of not being able to fully enjoy it. During the banquet, everyone shared the pain of homesickness and wished the motherland a strong, heart-warming, and earnest love. Liu Changchun couldn't drink, let alone the deep friendship of the overseas Chinese. It was not only his overseas Chinese who warmly welcomed Liu Changchun, but also the enthusiastic American people.They gathered in the Olympic Village, and once they found Liu Changchun, they shouted happily: "China!" Asked him to sign, and asked questions.Ask him why he doesn't have long braids, do he like Americans, and what events he will participate in.Liu Changchun was often surrounded for a long time and had difficulty getting out. Before Liu Changchun entered the Olympic Games, he had a taste of the Olympic spirit. Americans are not all the same.On the second day after Liu Changchun arrived in Los Angeles, American newspapers published his photo with the caption: "Look, how this little Chinese will run tomorrow..." full of contempt and ridicule.These unfriendly words greatly hurt Liu Changchun's heart, but also inspired him to go all out and achieve good results in the competition. On August 1, the men's 100-meter preliminaries of the 10th Olympic Games officially started amidst the enthusiastic cheers of the American audience. Liu Changchun was assigned to the fourth runway of the second group. Do your best to rush to the red ribbon at the finish line. 20 meters, 10 meters, 5 meters, Liu Changchun still ran fourth.The wild cheers of the audience seemed to inject new vitality into Liu Changchun, and the moment his body touched the ribbon, he surpassed the French player in front of him.The referee reported his time as 11.35 seconds.After the group preliminaries, according to the regulations, only the top 8 are eligible to participate in the final, and the 8th place is 11.02 seconds.Liu Changchun missed a good opportunity, and the people of the country regretted it.回国后，在中华全国体育协进会举办的招待会上，宋君复总结了刘长春比赛失利的原因，认为失利主要是因为路途遥远，海上旅行容易造成身体疲乏，加上到达洛杉矶的第二天就直接投入比赛，根本没有好好休息，致使水平发挥不足。 不管成绩如何，刘长春毕竟是我泱泱中华参加奥运会的第一人。他的参赛改写了中国没有参加世界体育大赛的屈辱历史，打开了中国进入奥林匹克运动的大门。这对当时被称为“东亚病夫”的苦难深重的中国来说，无疑象征着一个新的开端。 继刘长春参加第十届奥运会后，中华全国体育协进会又于1936年派出由牟作云先生带领代表团参加了第十一届慕尼黑奥运会，参加了田径、足球、篮球、举重、拳击等项目的比赛。由30名队员和2名领队组成的中国代表团到达德国后不久就感受到来自希特勒纳粹主义的压力，代表团处处受到歧视，几乎不能参加首场比赛。由于缺乏实战经验，中国队除了付保卢获得撑竿跳高及格赛的参赛权外，其余项目一败涂地。 1939年，经王正廷推荐，时任中央政府财政部长兼行政院副院长的孔祥熙出任国际奥委会委员。王正廷推荐孔祥熙的用意不言自明，正如他当时对记者所说的，“体协是个民众团体，其经费以及中国参加奥运会的经费来源都是靠政府补助、社会捐助和门票收入三项。因此，国际奥委会中国委员中必须找一个能向着中国说话的人，找有钱的人才行。”但令人失望的是，孔祥熙对奥运会毫无兴趣，根本不参加奥委会的任何会议。他虽然掌管着国民政府的金库，但就是不给体协一分钱。经过中华体育协进会的一再求情，1942年孔祥熙终于开恩，施舍给体协2万法币，这点钱在当时物价飞涨的情况下几乎不值什么。中国参加奥运会仍然面临着经费严重匮乏的困难，前景一派灰暗。 第二次世界大战结束后，国际奥委会于1948年7月在英国伦敦举行中断了12年之久的奥运会，这就是第十四届奥运会。国民党政府派出了一支主要由足球队和篮球队组成的50多人的体育代表团前往英国参赛，团长是国际奥委会委员王正廷和全国体育协进会付主席张伯龄。出征之前，代表团即面临严重的财政困难，按照预算，此行共需15万美元，结果行政院只批了1．2万，赫更生和王正廷经过千辛万苦，从南洋华侨胡文虎（万金油老板）等人处募集到近3万美元。足球队还到印尼、菲律宾、新加坡等国“走穴”，一方面挣取一些出场费，另一方面增加国际比赛经验。7月20日，在经费严重不足的情况下，奥运代表团飞抵伦敦。由于缺钱，运动员和领队只能挤住在一所条件非常恶劣的小学校里，成为本届奥运会上唯一没有人住奥运村的代表团。正式比赛开始后，代表团的伙食费也出现了问题。在这种艰苦的条件下，中国代表团根本不可能取得什么好成绩，篮球队和足球队先后被淘汰，田径选手也未能挤人决赛，中国仍然没有突破奥运奖牌为零的记录。值得一提的是，在代表团启程回国时，连机票的钱都不够了，只得紧急向国内求援，后来还是找当地华侨东借西凑，再卖掉带去的大米，才辗转回国。 1947年，王正廷从国际奥委会退休后，新任中华体育协进会会长董守义被国际奥委会选为国际奥委会委员。与前两个委员不同的是，董守义自身热爱体育运动，对国际奥委会的动向也很关心，只要有机会，他总是想方设法参加国际奥委会召开的会议和其它活动。 1949年10月1日，中华人民共和国宣布成立。同年10月，原中华体育协进会改组为中华全国体育总会（中国奥委会的前身），全面领导中国的奥林匹克运动。1952年奥运会是新中国成立后的第一届奥运会，但由于国际奥委会委员在中国的席位问题上存在分歧，特别是布伦戴奇受美国政府的指使，敌视新诞生的中华人民共和国，公开支持逃亡台湾的国民党政府，拒绝向中国发出邀请。这一恶劣行径立刻引起了中国的义愤。中华全国体育总会负责人、国际奥委会委员董守义向国际奥委会提出抗议，世界上许多主持正义的国家也纷纷向国际奥委会施加影响，迫使国际奥委会改变决定，于7月18日向中国发出了邀请，而此时离开幕仅剩一天时间。中华全国体育总会仓促组团，派出了由荣高棠领队的足球、篮球和游泳选手参加此届奥运会。可惜等代表团到达赫尔辛基时，比赛已接近尾声（离闭幕只有5天时间！），只有吴传玉一人获得参加一项仰泳比赛的机会。 1954年在雅典召开的国际奥委会第50次全体委员会议上，中华全国体育总会作为国际奥委会的一个会员得到了正式承认。新中国的奥林匹克组织在成立5年后终于在国际奥委会取得合法的席位。 但两年以后，席位问题又起风波。尽管许多国际奥委会委员主张承认中华人民共和国奥委会是中国的唯一合法代表，但布伦戴奇一意孤行，独断专行，在政治上大搞“两个中国”的阴谋。当时代表台湾的“中华民国奥委会”与中国全国体育总会在国际奥委会同样拥有合法席位，等于承认台湾是独立于大陆以外的另一个主权国家。在第十六届墨尔本奥运会召开之际，布伦戴奇亲自致函邀请“中华民国”奥委会派团参赛，同时也向中华全国体育总会发出了邀请，企图造成“两个中国”的既成事实。中华全国体育总会识破了布伦戴奇等人的阴谋，于1956年11月6日发表声明，宣布拒绝参加第十六届奥运会。 1957年，中国大陆的国际奥委会委员董守义在索非亚国际奥委会会议上建议将中国大陆的奥委会称为中华人民共和国奥委会，并将所谓中华民国奥委会称为中国台北奥委会，竟遭到了布伦戴奇的指责。 由于国际奥委会坚持承认台湾的奥委会，中国奥委会于1958年8月19日宣布中断与国际奥委会的一切关系，董守义也辞去了他在国际奥委会的职务。从此，中国与国际奥委会的联系彻底断绝了。 同样的问题，来自爱尔兰的基拉宁勋爵的观点却与布伦戴奇针锋相对。但中国在奥林匹克运动中的合法地位也只是在基拉宁勋爵出任主席之后，经过多方努力才得以恢复。 在布伦戴奇将中国排斥在奥林匹克运动之外的同时，以基拉宁为代表的部分国际奥委会成员却同北京秘密进行了将近10年的会谈。 后来布伦戴奇听到了风声，决定任命台湾的徐亨为国际奥委会委员。 在国际奥委会1970年阿姆斯特丹会议上，布伦戴奇把徐亨的名字夹在其他几个人名中间，提议增加一批新委员。坐在布伦戴奇左侧的埃克塞特勋爵立即高声喊道：“我们不推选徐先生！” 基拉宁勋爵等委员也支持埃克塞特勋爵的态度。但布伦戴奇不顾多数委员的反对，硬是宣布徐亨当选了。 由于布伦戴奇的干涉，国际奥委会同北京之间的秘密通道也被关闭了。 两年之后，布伦戴奇卸任，基拉宁当选。布伦戴奇在离职前，为台湾继续留在国际奥委会做好了安排。 基拉宁于1977年任命了一个由新西兰的兰斯·克罗斯、牙买加的托尼·布里奇和罗马尼亚的亚历山德鲁·西佩尔科组成的调查小组，并成立一个委员会专门负责审查中国问题，基拉宁本人负责这个委员会的工作，并于同年9月来到北京，会见了中华全国体育总会的领导人。 基拉宁说服国际奥委会执委会接受了一项呼吁国际奥委会“加强中国奥委会，并维持对总部设在台北的奥委会的承认”的决议，但这项决议没有获得国际奥委会全体大会的通过。 1979年10月25日，国际奥委会在日本名古屋召开执委会议。基拉宁意识到，这也许是他争取恢复中国在奥林匹克运动合法地位的最后一次机会了。他提出承认中华人民共和国奥委会为中国全国性奥委会的议案，同时提出实行通讯投票，将他的提案邮寄给所有国际奥委会委员，投票完毕后寄往洛桑国际奥委会总部。由于基拉宁事先做了些工作，大多数委员投票赞成基拉宁的提案。1979年11月26日，国际奥委会在洛桑宣布，经国际奥委会全体委员通讯表决，以62票赞成、17票反对、2票弃权，通过了10月25日在名古屋作出的决议。基拉宁终于在他离任之前完成了自己的心愿。 按照这个决议，中国奥委会参加大会时使用中华人民共和国的国旗和国歌。台湾的体育组织作为中国的地方性组织可以中华台北奥委会的名义参加奥运会，但使用有别于以往使用的歌曲、旗帜和会徽。台湾方面仍然坚持使用自己的所谓国旗和国歌，于是被禁止参加奥运会。 萨马兰奇担任主席之后，仍然坚持国际奥委会的这一正确立场。于是徐亨向洛桑地方法院提起诉讼，要求保护他们在国际奥委会中的地位。萨马兰奇通过外交途径使这一诉讼被永久地搁置起来。