Chapter 5 Chapter 4 The Call of the Five-Ring Flag

·The ancient and mysterious Olympic Games ·First time application ·Join the Olympic Committee for the first time · Open letter storm On a fertile plain in the south of the Greek peninsula, stands a beautiful mountain, which is Mount Olympus at an altitude of 2917 meters. There is a famous temple of Zeus deep in a green forest under Mount Olympus. The statue of Zeus in the temple is majestic and majestic. According to Greek myths and legends, Zeus is the supreme god who rules the entire world including gods and humans. He is extremely powerful, can bring disasters and blessings at will, and is in charge of thunder, lightning, clouds, and rain, so it is easy to call wind and rain.

Zeus had nearly 10 wives and children like clouds, including the sun god Apollo, the goddess of wisdom Athena, the goddess of music, the three goddesses of grace, Hercules and so on.Hercules is considered the founder of the classical Olympic Games. According to the description of Homer's epic, in more than 1100 BC, there was a kind of athletics meeting in Greece. There were seven competitions including chariot, boxing, wrestling, running, discus, javelin, and archery. The winners could get weapons, production tools, and life. Supplies and other prizes.The original form of the games was a sacrificial festival.

The ancient Greek religion was very powerful, and there were 4 main religious centers, each of which held regular festivals.From 1500 BC to 600 AD was the heyday of Greece, and the ceremonies in various religious centers were also very grand, including performances such as music, dance, speeches, and recitation of poems, as well as sports competitions.The largest and most representative festival among these activities is the festival held in the city of Olympia under Mount Olympus. There are different legends about how the festival turned into an Olympic sporting event.The most common saying is that Hercules, the son of Zeus, fought with other gods and won the victory, so a grand ceremony was held in Olympia to honor his father Zeus.As a result, at the memorial ceremony, Hercules quarreled with his brothers, and even fought with force, which gradually evolved into an Olympic Games.

The second legend is also derived from Greek mythology.Pelops, the grandson of Zeus, wanted to marry Hippodamia, the princess of Oenomaus, king of the city-state of Pisa.Hippodamia has aroused the admiration of countless young men with his beautiful appearance.But the king listened to the warning of the witch and believed that once the princess married, the king would also die, so he tried to prevent the princess from getting married.He issued an order that anyone who proposes to the princess must first race with the king, the winner can marry the princess, and the loser will be executed. When the king's strong chariot threatened the whole city, in the fear of 13 warriors with butterfly blood (13 became an unlucky number in the West), a young man who made all Greeks proud appeared, he was brave Pepe. lops.Before the game, the princess advised Pelops to give up "this tragic game that is a foregone conclusion" because she did not want to see the 14th victim.Pelops' answer was very firm, "No, for you, I will never give up-even if I become the 14th!"

The next day, after the memorial ceremony, the thrilling competition began.People, carts, and horses fought together, and Pelops on the old lean-horse cart gradually couldn't hold on anymore, and the king on the fine-horse chariot raised his sharp spear towards Pelops' back. I closed my eyes and prayed for the young man who was about to die tragically.At this critical juncture, only a loud noise was heard, and people were surprised to find that the king's chariot overturned on the runway, and the king was also seriously injured. Pelops quickly jumped out of the chariot, picked up the king, and ran to Not far from the palace station...

This was an unexpected victory, because the king's kind coachman sympathized with the princess (because she also fell in love with the brave Pelops), sympathized with the young man who died tragically, and deliberately replaced the iron nails on the wheels of the king's chariot with wooden ones. The nail broke the king's axle during the race, and Pelops won.It is a triumph of love, courage and wisdom.In order to celebrate the victory, to celebrate that he finally became the princess's husband and became the new king of the city-state of Pisa, Pelops held a grand competition in front of the Zeus Temple in Olympia, and specially arranged chariot, horse racing and other items .This is the ancient Olympic Games, or the first ancient Olympic Games.Pelops also became the founder of the first ancient Olympic Games.

The third legend holds that Iphedo, king of the city-state of Elis in ancient Greece, was the founder of the Olympic Games.When Iphedo ascended the throne and proclaimed himself king, the people were in dire straits due to the constant wars, so they prayed devoutly to Apollo, the sun god, to save all living beings.Apollo said that as long as the games are held in Olympia, disasters can be avoided.So the king went to discuss the conclusion of a treaty of friendship with the powerful bishop of Sparta, Nikulg, and proposed to hold an athletics meeting in Olympia, advocating "no weapons and bloodshed, but strength and agility to establish human dignity."

Nikorg agreed to King Iphedo's proposal and signed the "Holy Truce", declaring Olympia a holy place and no weapons were allowed to enter the area.If the war took place during the Olympic Games, the city-states had to implement a "sacred truce".From then on, the 4-yearly Olympic Games began. Olympic Games have been interrupted several times.It was not until 776 BC that the Games of All Greece were held to mark the official beginning of the ancient Olympic Games.This year's athletics meeting was designated as the first ancient Olympic Games. Games before the 6th century BC should not only indicate the number of games, but also the year.For example, 760 BC is called the first year of the 5th Olympic Games, and 757 BC is called the 4th year of the 5th Olympic Games.

The Olympic Games are held on the first full moon after the summer solstice and last for 5 days.On the first day there was a solemn sacrifice to Zeus, attended by representatives of the various Greek city-states.Competitive activities started the next day. Initially, there was only one kind of athletics, running, and the distance was the two ends of the sports field.At that time, the competition only produced champions and no other rankings. From the 14th Olympiad, the round-trip running was added, that is, 12 round-trips at both ends of the sports field.Since the 18th session, 4 more competitions have been added, namely long jump, discus throw, wrestling and throwing gun.There has been boxing since the 23rd. From the 25th session, there was a 4-horse carriage race, and later developed into a 4-horse carriage plus boxing match. In the 37th session, children's competitions were added. The 65th class added full-armed racing.

Beginning in the 5th century BC, poets were allowed to read their works at the games. The 4-horse racing was only allowed to the nobility because only they could afford horses, but the drivers could be hired.In case of victory, the honor goes to the owner of the 4 carriages. Competitors who participate in the competition for the first time must come to Olympia one month in advance to train under the guidance of the coach.Participants could only be free Greeks who had not committed a crime. On the last day of the games, the winners are awarded wreaths of holy olive branches.The olive branches for the garlands are cut by a child with a golden knife.The child's parents must be living and free.In addition, the winner will also receive a palm branch.Three-time winners get a statue of themselves erected in Olympia.The ceremony of announcing the winner and the name of the city-state to which he belonged was extremely solemn, and a banquet was held for the winner.When the winner returns to the city-state, the residents also give a warm welcome and hold a civic procession led by the winner.In the temple of the main god of the city-state, the winners presented the wreaths they got to the gods, and then held a banquet and sang carols for the winners.Some city-states rewarded the winners with money and exempted them from servitude and taxes for life.In some city-states, even the descendants of the winners were privileged.

Competing in the nude is one of the most distinctive features of the Olympic Games.The competitors are all naked.At that time, women not only did not participate in the competition, but also could not enter the arena to watch, and those who violated it would be executed.Since there are all men on and off the court, spectators and competitors have no scruples. The most prosperous period of the Olympic Games was the 5th century BC.During the Roman period, the games continued, but their social and political significance diminished. In 394 BC, the Roman Emperor Theodosius announced the abolition of the Olympic Games.By the time of its abolition, the Olympic Games had been held 293 times. However, the vitality of the Olympic movement is extremely tenacious. 1500 years later, she reappeared in Athens, the capital of modern Greece. "Father of Modern Olympics" Coubertin held high the banner of "peace, friendship and progress" and dedicated the modern Olympic Games to all mankind. He once wrote in an article: "Today's world is full of great possibilities for development, but at the same time there is dangerous moral decline. The Olympic spirit can establish a school that cultivates noble sentiments and pure hearts." The malpractices and consequences brought about by the rise of capitalism, the dark clouds of imperialist powers carve up the world, the threat to human peace, the pollution of the spiritual world, and the crisis of trying to save mankind by means of sports. On November 25, 1892, Saubon, France was holding a conference to commemorate the third anniversary of the French Federation of Sports Associations.A speaker's high-pitched and sonorous tone attracted the attention of all the participants.He swung his right arm swiftly down from the air, and asked loudly: "Why don't we create the modern Olympic Games immediately? How to create it? Is it a copy of the ancient Greek Olympic Games, or should we develop and innovate? Where is the modern Olympic Games?" Can it only be held in Greece? Who can participate in the Olympics? Only Greeks?" He swept his eyes across the audience and answered his own question in a firm tone: What we want to restore is the Olympic Games with the purpose of peace, friendship and progress. Countries, regions and nationalities are open. Coubertin's famous speech, for the first time, publicly and formally raised the issue of establishing the modern Olympic movement.The attendees responded with a storm of applause and shouts, and countless hats were thrown into the sky.Just over a year later, the Olympic Movement came into the world as the newborn baby of human society at the turn of two centuries. This baby was first embraced and kissed by 34 countries and 49 sports organizations in the world. ——On June 16, 1894, when the "Congress for the Restoration of the Olympic Movement" was held in Saubon in Paris, there were more than 2,000 participants from all over the world.The General Assembly marked the birth of the International Olympic Committee, and the 49 sports organizations participating in the General Assembly were the first batch of informal members of the International Olympic Committee.Greek poet and linguist Vikelas was elected the first IOC president. The first song the baby sang was "Ode to Apollo".Accompanied by the harp, this song is sung by a famous French female singer. Her generous and sonorous voice arouses people's yearning for the Olympic Games in ancient Greece, and arouses people's yearning for peace and friendship. The belief of "faster, higher and stronger" has enhanced people's confidence in creating a modern Olympic Games. In 1895 Coubertin created the famous prose poem "Ode to Sports".This prose poem is a monument in the history of the Olympic movement. It not only reflects Coubertin's thoughts and enthusiasm, but also reveals the infinite charm of sports and expresses the human yearning for friendship, peace and progress. The full text of "Ode to Sports" is as follows: O sports, the delight of the gods, the drive of life.Thy sudden descent in the gray glade, sufferer, thrilled.You are like a radiant messenger, greeting the elderly with a smile.You are like the dawn on the top of a mountain, illuminating the darkened earth. Ah, sports, you are beautiful!The body which you fashion, becomes noble or base, according to whether it is led to corruption by shameful desires, or cultivated by healthy forces.There is no beauty without symmetry and coordination.You are incomparable in making the two harmonize; you can make the movement of the body full of rhythm; you can make the movements graceful, and there is firmness in softness. O sports, you are justice!You embody the fairness and reasonableness that cannot be pursued in social life.No one can exceed the speed by one minute and one second, and the height by one minute and one centimeter.The key to success can only be the integration of physical and mental strength. O sports, thou art the air!The whole point of muscular strength is to dare to fight.If not for this, what is the use of quickness and strength?What are the benefits of building muscle?The bravery we are talking about is not reckless like an adventurer betting all bets, but careful deliberation. O sports, you are honor!Honor must be earned impartially, otherwise it is meaningless.Some people want to make shady tricks in order to deceive their companions.Deep down in his heart, he was tattooed with shame.One day, if someone finds out, his reputation will be ruined. Ah, sports, you are fun!Thinking of you, my heart is full of joy, blood circulation is intensified, my mind is more open, and my organization is more clear.You can relieve the sorrowful, and you can sweeten the life of the happy. Ah, sports, you are the fertile ground for cultivating human beings!Through the most direct way, you can enhance the national physique and correct deformed bodies; prevent diseases before they happen, and enlighten athletes; hope that future generations will grow strong and strong, carry on the past and forge ahead, and win the victory of laurels. Ah, sports, you are progress!For the rapid development of human beings, the improvement of body and spirit must be grasped at the same time.You prescribe good habits, and you demand that people be alert to excesses.You exhort people to obey the rules, to use the best of human ability without compromising the health of the body. O sports, you are peace!You make happy connections between peoples.You are produced in a controlled, organized, and skillful physical contest, so that young people all over the world learn to respect and learn from each other, and make different national characteristics a driving force for noble and peaceful competition. As the restorer of the Olympic movement and the pioneer of the modern Olympic movement, Coubertin's name has been recorded in the history of the Olympics, and his achievements have also been widely praised. Coubertin made special contributions to creating the modern Olympic movement, formulating the purpose, development direction and organizing work of the modern Olympic movement.For these contributions, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1928. Coubertin tried his best to inherit and carry forward the ancient Olympic spirit, and took "peace, friendship and progress" as the purpose of the Olympic movement.To this end he developed the "International Olympic Movement Charter."This "Charter" was adopted at the Congress for the Restoration of the Olympic Movement held at the Sorbonne University in France on June 16, 1894. The "Charter" clearly states that the Olympic movement should "under the guidance of the Olympic ideal, inspire and lead sports, so as to promote and strengthen the friendship between athletes of all countries".Hence the famous saying of the Olympic movement: Participation is more important than winning. In 1913, Coubertin personally presided over the formulation of the Olympic emblem and flag, and at the same time determined the Olympic motto: faster, higher and stronger.This motto was also written on the Olympic flag. The five-ring flag of the Olympic Games was also formulated under the auspices of Coubertin.The five rings are blue, black, red, yellow and green respectively, with three rings on the top and two rings on the bottom. The rings are interlocked and tightly linked together.According to Coubertin's explanation of this, the five rings "symbolize the five continents in the world that recognize the Olympic movement and prepare to participate in the Olympic competition, while the sixth color is white - the background color of the flag, which means that all countries without exception To be able to compete under the flag of your country". Later, some people explained that the International Olympic Committee originally adopted blue, black, red, yellow, and green as the colors of the five rings because it could represent the colors of the national flags of all the countries participating in the International Olympic Committee at that time.Since the 7th Olympic Games in 1920, the five colors of the five rings symbolize the five continents: blue represents Europe, black represents Africa, red represents America, yellow represents Asia, and green represents Australia. In 1973, the International Olympic Committee's journal "Olympic Forum" emphasized: "The meaning of the five rings of the emblem and flag is to symbolize the unity of the five continents. See you." Since the establishment of the International Olympic Committee in 1894, and decided to "hold large-scale sports games every four years according to the Greek Olympic tradition" from 1896 to 1953, Samaranch first formally submitted his application to join the International Olympic Committee. Sports has gone through ups and downs for nearly 60 years, and the Olympic Games have been held for 12 sessions. The first Olympic Games was held in Athens, the birthplace of the ancient Olympic Games, from April 6 to 15, 1896.311 contestants from 13 countries participated in the competition, of which 230 were Greeks, and most of the foreign contestants signed up by themselves.Two British diplomats stationed in Greece and tourists who are traveling in Greece signed up to form the British team nearby. Among them, Prand also won the tennis singles championship and won the doubles championship with a German player.The most prominent is the German player Schumann, who won three gymnastics gold medals.The discus and marathon are newly established events, and they are the traditional events that the host team is determined to win. However, the former was taken away by the American player Garrold, because the discus he practiced before was big and heavy. Of course, it is easy to lose the "small cake" in the official competition. Got the gold medal. On the last day of the track and field competition, Greece still had nothing to gain, so the winner of the marathon competition was particularly eye-catching.Fortunately, the Greek shepherd Louis lived up to expectations and won a precious gold medal for Greece.When he took the lead to run into the stadium, the Crown Prince of Greece, Constantine, rushed down from the stands to accompany him to finish the last stage of the gold medal race. The scene was warm and moving. The Olympics did not impress the world competitively, nor did it set any world records.But after all, it is the first sports event in modern human society, and it occupies an indisputably important position in the history of the development of the Olympic movement.Moreover, this Olympic Games also set a precedent for non-governmental fundraising to host the Olympic Games. The host of Greece, from King George to ordinary people, donated money and contributed one after another. In a short period of time, a white marble stadium with a capacity of more than 40,000 people was built. The smooth holding of the sports meeting has created good conditions.It is especially worth mentioning that under the persuasion of the king, George Avilov, a wealthy Greek businessman at that time, donated 1 million dramas alone, which was large enough to build the main project of the stadium. The second modern Olympic Games were held in Paris, France from July 2 to 22, 1900.1,319 men and 11 women from 22 countries and regions participated.There was no opening ceremony organized for this competition, and the number of spectators was small.The word "Olympic" never even appeared on a formal occasion.Many athletes did not find the feeling of participating in the Olympics after returning to China.The International Olympic Committee does not make a decision until the end of the Games, which additional events can be counted as official events of the Games.After temporary discussions among several committee members, it was decided to make croquet, golf, cricket and tug-of-war the official events of this Olympic Games, while the competitions such as fishing, pigeon flying, fire fighting and figure roller skating that have already been held may be counted as Performance projects, or not recognized at all. In this competition, the host France won 102 medals (29 firsts), and the United States 53 medals (20 firsts).Alvin Krenzlein, a dental student from the United States, won four championships in the 60-meter run, long jump, 110-meter hurdles and 200-meter hurdles. The most striking thing about this Games is that it opened the Olympic halls to women for the first time.Chicago celebrity Margaret Abbott, who studied art in Paris, became the first Olympic women's champion when she won the women's 9-hole golf competition. The third Olympic Games was held in St. Louis, USA from August 29th to September 3rd, 1904.681 men and 6 women from 12 countries participated.The Americans, who accounted for 76% of the contestants, almost monopolized the medals, winning a total of 238 medals (including 80 gold medals), and the other 11 countries won a total of 46 medals (20 gold medals).For the first time in this Olympic Games, gold medals were awarded to Olympic champions. The venue of this Olympic Games has been changed again and again. Baron de Coubertin likes New York, and the International Olympic Committee takes a fancy to Chicago. However, President Roosevelt still has the most power, so he chose St. Louis. St. Louis temporarily hosted the Olympics, and the preparations were hasty. There were many "new creations" that surprised the audience: there was no preliminaries for the 400-meter race, and 13 contestants competed together in the final; More than four months;  …. The 200 meters was run on a straight runway. The gold medalist Hahn won when three opponents were fined a yard back for a false start. He set an Olympic record of 21.6 seconds in the 200 meters. Only then was it broken.Pogue won bronze medals in the 200m and 400m, becoming the first black athlete to win a medal. There was farce at the marathon.Due to the hot weather, many players withdrew midway.However, the first American player to reach the finish line, Fred Lotz, was not tired. After investigation, it was found that he "run" 17 kilometers in a car on the way.Lotz was found guilty of breaking the rules of the race and had to hand over the gold medal to teammate Tor Hicks, who was second to reach the finish line.Who knows Hicks is not "innocent".His coaches said he took a stimulant shot during the final seven miles, and others said he finished the race after swallowing a pill.In short, Hicks became the first athlete in Olympic history to win by taking drugs.Carvajal, a postman from Havana, Cuba, arrived in St. Louis by means of begging and fundraising, and participated in the marathon at the speed of "delivering letters". number one. The fourth Olympic Games was held in London, England from July 13th to 25th, 1908.A total of 1999 male players and 36 female players from 23 countries and regions participated in the competition.Great Britain won 145 medals (56 golds), the United States 47 (23 golds) and Sweden 25 (8 golds).American Ray Urie won two gold medals in three standing jump events (the standing long jump, triple standing jump and standing high jump, which have since been scrapped).His record of eight Olympic gold medals in Paris, St. Louis and London stood for 20 years. Due to financial problems in Italy, London temporarily took over the Games.Basically, the London Olympics is the most complete one. Many system models were established and implemented from the London Olympics. This is due to the establishment of various sports associations in the UK as early as the late nineteenth century, and the experience and systems are mature. . Due to the flag issue, some disputes were caused at the opening ceremony.Sweden and the United States found that their flags were not hoisted; at the opening ceremony, the American flag bearer refused to lower the flag to salute when passing by King Edward of England; Finland was still under Russian rule, and they would rather enter without a flag than Willing to follow the Russian team. Marathon originally stipulated that the full distance was 25 miles. Later, the starting point was changed to Windsor Castle, and the distance became 26 miles. However, Princess Mary asked the starting point to be moved to the window of the Royal Nursery, which added 385 yards, so that the whole process increased. To 42.195 kilometers, it will become a fixed distance for future marathon races. Italian Dorando Pietri staggered into the stadium with the final lap remaining in the marathon.There was a burst of enthusiastic cheers from the audience.But Pietri was really exhausted. He kept falling to the ground and struggling to get up, and then fell down again. He repeated four times.At this point, the American Johnny Hayes ran into the stadium and would undoubtedly overtake the Italian.When Pietri went down for the fifth time, the audience anxiously expected him to perform a miracle.At this time, a staff member in the field suddenly rushed to the track and helped Pietri cross the finish line ahead of Hayes.Pietri was later disqualified and Hayes won the gold medal.However, Pietri became a celebrity because of this, and has been participating in various exhibition games as a professional player. The fifth Olympic Games was held in Stockholm, the capital of Sweden, from July 6 to 15, 1912. 2,490 male athletes and 57 female athletes from 28 countries (regions) participated.Sweden won 65 medals (24 gold), the United States 61 (23 gold).Finland's Hannas Kollehmannen won three gold medals in the 5,000-meter, 10,000-meter and 8,000-meter trail running.World War II American star Barton won the fifth place in the pentathlon competition.Electronic timers and broadcasting systems were first used in Olympic Games. The greatest hero of the Stockholm Olympics was neither a Scandinavian nor another European, but a true American named Jim Thorpe.Thorpe won gold medals in the decathlon and pentathlon at the Olympics.King Gustav V of Sweden said to him when presenting the award: "Sir, you are the greatest athlete in the world." In Stockholm, 24-year-old Thorpe broke the decathlon world record with 998 points.He finished first in four of the pentathlons.In addition, he also participated in individual events, ranking fourth in the high jump and seventh in the long jump.After returning home, he was greeted warmly on Broadway in New York. But in January 1913, Thorpe's medal was taken away.A Massachusetts newspaper reported that Thorpe took money — perhaps as little as $2 a game — during his early years playing semi-professional baseball in North Carolina.In this way, the gold medal instead fell to the two Olympic runner-ups - the Swede Hugo Weisland (decathlon) and the Norwegian Fernand Beer (pentathlon).But neither of these two people felt happy about it.Beay told his friends: "It's not a real gold medal. I don't think it's a first prize." Weisslander also often said: "Thorpe is the best, and I am not, he deserves this gold medal. " In 1950, Associated Press sports reporters voted Thorpe the greatest athlete of the first half of the 20th century. In the mid-1960s, the aged Weisland decided to find Thorp to return the gold medal to him, but failed.He told friends: "No one knows where Thorpe is, so I just have to keep the gold medal." In a simple house in Lomita, he died penniless.The two gold medals that were once unreasonably deprived were returned to his descendants by Samaranch in January 1983. The outbreak of World War I in 1914 forced the cancellation of the Sixth Olympic Games originally scheduled to be held in Berlin in 1916. The seventh Olympic Games was held in Antwerp, Belgium from August 14 to 29, 1920. 2,543 male athletes and 64 female athletes from 29 countries (regions) participated.The United States won 96 medals (41 golds), Sweden 63 (19 golds), Great Britain 43 (15 golds) and Belgium 35 (14 golds).Germany, Austria, Hungary and Bulgaria, the defeated countries of World War I, were not invited. Finland became independent in 1917 and used its own national flag to participate in the Olympic Games for the first time. In 1912, the long-distance running superstar Koller Hermainen made a comeback and won the marathon championship, but his brilliance was overshadowed by another Finnish runner, Rumi. At the beginning of the first Olympic Games, he won 12 Olympic medals, 9 of which were gold medals.To date, no one has come close to the superhuman record he set - rewriting the world record in every event he participated in, from 1500 meters to 20000 meters, setting a total of 22 world records. Swimming is the world of American athletes. Blebtree, who suffered from polio, won the only three gold medals for all women. It is ridiculous that she was arrested by the police a year ago for "disturbing public morality". Her The daring act is "swimming naked", all she does is take off her stockings. In the past, women had to swim like wearing wetsuits. Without socks, it was the same as being naked. The men's doubles champion is Kate of the United States. A year ago, he was rejected by the British "Hanley Cup" because of his identity as a bricklayer, "so as not to be unfair to other gentlemen."The most ironic thing is that Kate later became a millionaire, his son won the "Hanley Cup" in 1947, his daughter Grace became a big star, and became the princess of Monaco. The eighth Olympic Games was held in Paris, France from July 5 to 27, 1924. 2,956 male athletes and 136 female athletes from 44 countries (regions) participated.The United States won 99 medals (45 gold), France 38 (13 gold) and Finland an astonishing 37 medals (14 gold).Nurmi and Ritola won a total of 9 gold medals. Coubertin asked Paris to host the 1924 Olympic Games because of his decision to retire from the IOC presidency.Despite a few hiccups (some frenetic French audience booing another country's national anthem; the British team threatening to withdraw from the race after a blowout victory by the American "pros"), the Olympic Games Still the best ever, with an enthusiastic audience of 64,000 a day.At the end of the sports meeting, Coubertin said with relief: "My work has been done." Of particular note are the two American winners.Garmin Spock, then 21 and later a prominent pediatrician, represented Yale in eight-man rowing and won a gold medal.At the age of 20, William Hart Hubbard, a student from the University of Michigan born in Cincinnati, won the first place in the long jump, thus becoming the first black athlete in the history of the Olympic Games to win a single championship. The Ninth Olympic Games was held in Amsterdam, Netherlands from July 28 to August 12, 1928. 2,724 men and 290 women from 46 countries (regions) participated.The leader of the U.S. team was later the famous five-star general MacArthur.Results of the competition The United States won 56 medals (22 gold), Germany 31 (10 gold), and the Netherlands 19 (6 gold).The display boards used for the first time in this Olympic Games, the release of peace doves at the opening ceremony, and the 400-meter lap of the track and field track all became the model of the subsequent Olympic Games. More women athletes competed in Amsterdam than at any previous Olympic Games.In previous editions, they only participated in golf, swimming, diving and tennis.But in this Olympic Games, they have been able to compete in major events such as track and field.Coubertin once led the movement against women's participation for many years. He said: "Women's participation in the Olympic Games is impractical, meaningless, and has no sense of beauty." People eventually prevailed. At that time, female players could only participate in 5 events, while male players could participate in 22 events.The first Olympic women's field event was the discus, won by Poland's Halina Konopaca.The first track event was the 100-meter sprint, and the gold medal went to American Elizabeth Robinson.Interestingly enough, the 16-year-old high school student from Illinois' sprinting talent was discovered by a teacher who saw Robinson running to catch the school bus and concluded that the teenage girl was later on track and field. The future is bright.The best performer in Amsterdam was the tall and handsome American swimmer Johnny Weissmuller.He won two gold medals at the Paris Olympics, and now has two more.Johnny's father was a poor coal miner who died when Johnny was 14 years old.But Johnny, who lost his father's love, became the greatest swimmer of that era, and used his fame to become an actor. He became a millionaire by playing the protagonist in the movie "Tarzan". The Tenth Olympic Games was held in Los Angeles, USA from July 30 to August 14, 1932. 1,281 male athletes and 127 female athletes from 37 countries (regions) participated.The United States won 104 medals (41 gold), Italy 36 (1 gold), and France 19 (10 gold).Japan's unknown young men's swimming team won 11 medals in 18 events, including four golds. Due to the Great Depression and the long journey across the ocean, the number of participants in the Los Angeles Olympics was the smallest since 1904.Six months before the opening of the Games, no country has agreed to participate. The Los Angeles Organizing Committee has made several reforms for this Olympic Games, including setting up a podium, playing the national anthem, raising the national flag at the award ceremony, and allowing players who won gold, silver, and bronze medals to stand on the stage; Impressive Olympian Village. The heroine of the 1932 Olympic Games was Mildred Didrikson, a feisty Texas girl.She eventually became the leading lady of the Los Angeles Olympics, winning two gold medals (80m hurdles, javelin throw) and a silver medal (tied for first place in the high jump at the start, but was dropped to second place).She also broke two world records in the hurdles and high jump. The Japanese "occupied" the pool at this Olympics, winning 11 of 16 medals, including five golds.Kitamura, a 14-year-old middle school student, won the 1,500-meter freestyle championship with a time of 19:12.4 and broke the Olympic record. His record lasted for 20 years before being refreshed.The 35-year-old Finnish long-distance running superstar Nurmi has competed in the Olympics in four times and hopes to win another marathon gold medal. This time, although the number of participants was small, the number of spectators exceeded 1.25 million, and the revenue was as high as 1 million US dollars. For the first time, my country sent players to participate in the competition, and the process was difficult and tortuous.当时我国虽已参加并办过远东运动会，表现最佳，但因国内正值九·一八事件之后，动乱不安，经济拮据，因此虽然受邀，却决定不参加奥运会，日本伪满政府不久即声明，将派出满洲国代表参赛。中央政府决定不计困难，派员参赛，以正国人视听，体协兼奥委会董事赫更生到处奔走募款，凑得华银八千元，约1500美元，选派在华北及全国运动会表现最佳的刘长春参加短跑角逐。可惜他在经过25天的海上航行之后立即投入了比赛，未能发挥他的水准。刘长春的奥运之行，是四亿五千万中国人参加奥运的第一人，虽未获得名次，但其影响却是巨大的。 第十一届奥运会于1936年8月1日至16日在德国柏林举办，来自49个国家（地区）的3738名男选手和328名女选手参赛，德国获89枚奖牌（33金）、美国56枚（24金）。为了举办这届奥运会，德国政府投入了3000万美元，大大超过以往任何一届奥运会的总投资。 1931年，国际奥委会选择柏林作为1936年奥运会的主办城市。但是当阿道夫·希特勒1933年初控制了德国政府后，许多人猜想这位元首会拒绝与奥运会发生任何关系，因为他的纳粹青年和体育组织认定奥运会是“劣等民族之间的比赛”，纳粹报纸也把奥运会描绘成一个“由犹太人支配的臭名昭著的节日”。 但希特勒有他自己的想法，他决定将柏林奥运会变成某种宣传工具，用它来展示自己的纳粹种族和工业技术的优越；同时也给世人造成假象，使人们认为他是热爱和平的。为此，组委会开了联通41个国家的电台网络，并引进了电传设备来传送新闻报道和Z服务网来传送新闻影片。这其中不可告人的秘密是，奥运会期间接纳3700名男选手的奥运村当初在设计时就已考虑到运动会后能立即将它转变成军事设施。 希特勒利用奥运会来提高第三帝国的世界形象的计划获得了成功，尤其当德国队在金牌榜上遥遥领先时更是如此。然而，他的那些有关雅利安人至高无上的种族偏见被一位美国黑人超级明星的巨大成功完全淹没了。 詹姆斯·杰西·欧文斯出生于亚拉巴马州一位目不识丁的伯农家庭。他在柏林取得了100米、200米、4×100米接力和跳远四枚金牌，这一骄人成绩使他在德国也成为一名英雄。尽管希特勒本人从未与这位黑人明星握手，但大多数德国运动员对欧文斯都很友好，尤其是他最强硬的跳远对手卢兹·朗。朗不仅待他亲如挚友，而且还在比赛中帮欧文斯改进起跳技术，使这位美国黑人最终赢得了有可能属于朗自己的金牌。 当时为日本殖民地的韩国，选手也以日本名义出战，孙基祯获得马拉松冠军，但升的是日本国旗，他心中非常悲愤，韩国国内《东亚日报》刊出孙基祯颁奖照片时，也把他身上的太阳旗涂掉，日本统治者将八名“涉案”者送进监狱。韩国独立后，金牌国籍更正为韩国。在1988年汉城奥运会开幕式上，孙基祯代表东道主手持圣火跑步进场，当最后跑到点火台上时，他的眼中盈满了骄傲的泪水，在场的无数韩国观众也流下了激动的泪水。 1939年9月1日爆发的第二次世界大战，把全人类卷入到史无空前的灾难中，奥林匹克运动也蒙受了巨大的损失，原定在1940年和1944年举办的第十二和第十三届奥运会被迫取消。 战争结束后，第十四届奥运会于1948年7月29日至8月14日在英国伦敦举行，来自59个国家（地区）的3714名男选手和385名女选手参赛。德、意等战败国不在被邀请之列。此次比赛，美国获54枚奖牌（38金）、英国23枚（3金）。 尽管战争已结束了三年之久，粮食还是实行定量供应。瓦砾废墟在伦敦这个遭受过炸弹袭击的城市仍随处可见。由于经费紧缺，奥运主会场只能将就设在英国皇家空军的一座军营内。 本届奥运会上最风光的明星是荷兰的弗兰西娜·埃尔斯耶·布兰克尔斯科恩。这位两个孩子的母亲赢得了女子100米、200米、80米栏和4×100米接力4枚金牌。如果不是因为比赛时间有冲突，她很有可能还会赢得跳远比赛金牌，因为当时她是女子跳远世界纪录的保持者。 4407名男选手和518名女选手参加了这次比赛。地球上第一个社会主义国家苏联首次派团参加奥运会。比赛结果，美国获76枚奖牌（40金）、苏联71枚（22金）、芬兰22枚（6金）。 当隐退多年的长跑巨星鲁米在开幕式上手持圣火跑进场内并点燃奥林匹克圣火时，全场观众惊喜交加，群情振奋。 这届奥运会的风云人物是捷克的扎托皮克，他获得了5000米、10000米及马拉松三枚金牌，他同年同日生的妻子丹娜在他赢得5000米比赛的金牌之后的一小时内，赢得女子标枪冠军。 苏联的罗玛柯娃赢得了女子铁饼冠军，为苏联夺取了第一枚奥运金牌。这届比赛，苏联在体操项目上也大丰收，男子4金2银、女子2金5银。 本届奥运会最伟大的运动员是匈牙利的塔卡斯。在大战之前，他已是欧洲最佳快速手枪选手，但在1938年大战之中，被炸断右手，他改用左手射击，并且连得1948、1952两届奥运手枪射击金牌。 经过半个多世纪的发展，现代奥林匹克运动的规模越来越大，章程越来越完善，逐步成为全球影响最大的体育盛会。国际奥委会也成为各界名流争相加入的组织。正是在这个时候，萨马兰奇提出了加入国际奥委会的申请。 1952年的赫尔辛基奥运会是萨马兰奇第一次正式参加的奥运会，他的身份是西班牙代表团团长。在本届奥运会结束后几个月，萨马兰奇第一次提出加入国际奥委会的请求。 1947年，刚组建一年的西班牙旱冰球队参加了一年一度在瑞士蒙特勒举行的国际旱冰球锦标赛。当时西班牙代表团领队只有两人。一位是团长赛恩斯·德罗斯特雷罗斯，另一位就是萨马兰奇。在赛前领队会议上，赛恩斯·德罗斯特雷罗斯以他自认为是法语的法语念了一篇书面发言。结果念完后，在场的人还在目瞪口呆，以为他使用的是巴斯克语、芬兰语或是爱尔兰和苏格兰方言盖尔语。而萨马兰奇对这些小事情都很注意，他使用了自己已熟练掌握的英语，并且用红笔在发言稿上应当升降语调的地方做了记号。他的发言字句清楚、铿锵有力，一下子就引起了在场的瑞士籍国际奥委会委员奥托·迈耶尔的注意。 奥托·迈耶尔早听说过萨马兰奇的大名。为了把西班牙旱冰球运动开展起来，每次西班牙代表队参加国际比赛，基本上都是萨马兰奇个人出资解决全部费用。因此当时在西班牙旱冰球也叫“萨马兰奇球”。这次亲自见到朝气蓬勃、风流倜傥的萨马兰奇，更让迈耶尔感到人才难得。 锦标赛结束前一天，迈耶尔写信给国际奥委会主席埃德斯特伦说： “我发现了一颗新星，一颗罕见的新星。他应该进入国际奥委会。” 这次规模不大的锦标赛，年轻的西班牙队获得了第二名的好成绩。赛后，萨马兰奇开始与迈耶尔频繁书信来往。也正是通过迈耶尔，萨马兰奇同国际奥委会有了更多的接触，对奥林匹克运动也有了更多的了解。 1952年7月19日，刚进入西班牙体育运动委员会还不到一年的萨马兰奇受命率领西班牙代表队参加在芬兰首都赫尔辛基举办的第15届奥运会。此时萨马兰奇已是国际旱冰球协会的副主席了。这是萨马兰奇第一次正式与奥运会接触，从此他与奥运会结下了不解之缘，并且成为奥运会上一面不倒的旗帜。在这届奥运会上，萨马兰奇除了担任西班牙代表团团长，安排运动员的生活起居外，还重新操起笔笺，为《新闻报》撰写新闻和体育评论。7月19日的《新闻报》为此发表了编者按： “前国家旱冰球队教练、国际旱冰球联合会副主席、享誉国内外的体坛专家萨马兰奇将专为本报撰稿。萨马兰奇一直是我报旱冰球运动特约通讯员，现在，他一改以往风格，以轻松谐滤的笔调，向我们介绍他在赫尔辛基奥运会上的所见所闻。” 这个编者按并没有夸张，8月2日萨马兰奇的文章中就有这样一段： “苏联篮球队有位优秀队员古拉姆，他身高两米，动作敏捷灵巧，担任中锋。古拉姆属错落谢顶，就是说，他的头发这一撮，那儿一绪。另外他还是……斜眼。众所周知，声东击西和假动作是篮球运动的基本手段，而古拉姆在这方面独占优势。谁也弄不清他到底在看哪儿以及要向哪儿投球。” 除了体育报道，萨马兰奇也向西班牙读者介绍发生在奥运会期间一些轶闻趣事。8月2日他的文章中有一段美丽的描写，原文如下： “巴科那是赫尔辛基一个饭店的名称。有一天，饭店门前挤满了人，门卫几乎都抵挡不住了。我对此莫名其妙。一打听才知道，世界第一美女、19岁的芬兰小姐阿尔米·库谢拉翩然将至。库谢拉小姐实在是太美了。亲爱的读者，你们大概会问，世界上最漂亮的小姐究竟是什么样子？告诉你们，她美得使巴科那饭店门前的交通为之堵塞！” 8月3日，赫尔辛基奥运会在一片欢呼声中举行了闭幕仪式。闭幕仪式的壮观场面令萨马兰奇激动不已。他在1952年8月4日发给《新闻报》的一篇报道中写道： “看到昨天第15届现代奥运会闭幕式的壮观场面，我觉得喉咙仿佛被一块东西堵住了。这个场面比开幕式更伟大、更富有意义、更激动人心。7万人唱着芬兰国歌，旗手们在主席台前举起了各国的旗帜。全世界人民都在这里，在奥林匹克精神的感召下按甲寝兵，和睦相处。赫尔辛基奥运会将作为当代最伟大的体育盛会而载入史册，也将以各国之间最诚挚的兄弟之情而流芳千古。” 从这时起，萨马兰奇决心投入到更广阔的体育领域——奥林匹克运动中去。 1953年，萨马兰奇第一次正式提出了加入国际奥委会的申请。 1894年通过的《奥林匹克宪章》第2章第20条规定：“一个国家当选的委员不能多于一人。但是国际奥委会可以在那些举办奥林匹克夏季运动会或奥林匹克冬季运动会的国家再选一名委员。” “凡是为国际奥委会服务满10年，并由于年龄、健康或其它为国际奥委会执委会接受的理由退休的委员应成为名誉委员。名誉委员……除了不再拥有投票权外，他们的地位保持不变；他们被邀请参加奥林匹克运动会、奥林匹克代表大会和国际奥委会全会，这里为他们每个人保留席位；如果国际奥委会主席要求，他们可以提出自己的建议。他们可以被授予奥林匹克勋章。” 1894年，国际奥委会在墨西哥城举行的会议上对《奥林匹克宪章》补充了一条规定，即自该年起，只有地域辽阔、具有奥林匹克光荣传统或者主办过奥运会的国家才能至多同时有两名委员。当时符合“地域辽阔、具有奥林匹克光荣传统”条件的国家只有印度、巴西和希腊三国。1898年，国际奥委会在东京修改了《奥林匹克宪章》，规定“国际奥委会可以在那些举办奥林匹克夏季运动会或奥林匹克冬季运动会的国家再选一名委员”。 西班牙历史上一共产生过九位国际奥委会委员。他们是：梅霍拉达·德尔坎波伯爵（1902——1921）、埃切韦里亚（1921——1923）、顾埃里男爵（1922——1954）、阿尔瓦公爵（1924——1927）、庞斯公爵（1927——1930）、巴列利亚诺伯爵（1931——1952）、佩德罗·伊瓦拉·麦克马洪公爵（1953——1985，后任终生荣誉委员）、胡安·安东尼奥·萨马兰奇（1966——）和卡洛斯·费雷尔·萨拉特（1965——）。 萨马兰奇正式提出申请是在1953年国际奥委会在墨西哥城举行全体会议期间。当时萨马兰奇已经有了几分把握，因为事先他已经同顾埃里男爵进行了接触，顾埃里男爵答应萨马兰奇，在这一年帮助他进入国际奥委会，并在适当的时候让他接替自己的位置。而且，顾埃里男爵自1922年起就开始担任国际奥委会委员，到1953年已30余载，早已转为国际奥委会的荣誉委员。虽然西班牙从未举办过夏季奥运会和冬季奥运会，而且也不符合“地域辽阔、具有奥林匹克光荣传统”的条件，但按照《奥林匹克宪章》的关于荣誉委员的规定，西班牙完全有可能增加一个正式名额。加之顾埃里男爵已届古稀之年，1952年就曾向新上任的国际奥委会主席布伦戴奇递交了退休报告，西班牙也应该推荐一位年富力强的人选接替顾埃里男爵的位置。 但是顾埃里男爵出尔反尔，利用自己的影响，把他的女婿佩德罗·伊瓦拉弄进了国际奥委会。消息传来，萨马兰奇备感震惊，顾埃里的做法使他产生了被欺骗、被愚弄的感觉。同时他也知道，只要伊瓦拉还在国际奥委会，自己就只能被拒之门外了。萨马兰奇没有想到，他的宏图伟愿一开始便碰了个硬钉子。 西班牙报界对顾埃里男爵任人惟亲的做法提出了批评。而伊瓦拉不仅不对自己进入国际奥委会的方式感到羞耻，反而认为是萨马兰奇由于自己不能成为国际奥委会委员不满而利用报纸兴风作浪，逼迫自己辞职。俩人的关系一度趋于紧张。恼羞成怒的伊瓦拉有一次竟当面对萨马兰奇说： “没有我的支持，你休想进入国际奥委会！” 萨马兰奇此时的心情可想而知。他相信伊瓦拉的这句话并不仅仅是一句口头威胁。 赫尔辛基奥运会结束后，1955年在巴塞罗那举行的地中海运动会又为萨马兰奇提供了新的机会。萨马兰奇是这届地中海运动会委员会的副主席，前不久还被西班牙议会体育运动委员会提升为西班牙奥委会副主席。由于工作的原因，他频繁接触了国际奥委会成员，而国际奥委会成员也逐步了解了萨马兰奇。1956年，萨马兰奇作为团长率领西班牙代表队参加了在意大利科蒂纳丹佩往举行的第7届冬季奥运会。1960年他又以同样身份率团参加了在罗马举行的第17届夏季奥运会。1961年，萨马兰奇在雅典再次提出了加入国际奥委会的申请，但由于名额限制，仍未获得通过。 1964年，萨马兰奇三度出任团长，率领西班牙体育代表队飞赴东京，参加第18届奥运会。作为领队，他在这次奥运会上结识了国际奥委会的许多委员。他出色的组织才能和对体育事业执着的追求给当时的国际奥委会主席布伦戴奇和其他许多委员再次留下了深刻印象。 1965年，在洛桑，国际奥委会的信箱里又出现了萨马兰奇热情洋溢、言辞诚恳的申请书。 如果没有艾弗里·布伦戴奇的支持，萨马兰奇也许不会在这条路上走到底。 布伦戴奇原是获奥运会撑竿跳金牌的美国运动员，是芝加哥的百万富翁。后担任国际奥委会第5任主席，从1952年至1972年，整整任职20载。1956年，布伦戴奇在科蒂纳丹佩佐举行的冬季奥运会上初识萨马兰奇，对他留下了深刻印象。 第二年，布伦戴奇在瑞士埃维昂国际奥委会与各国家奥委会的会议上再次注意到了萨马兰奇。以后在1960年罗马奥运会和1964年东京奥运会上，布伦戴奇发现萨马兰奇有种特殊的组织才能，更使他下决心要让萨马兰奇进入国际奥委会——因为国际奥委会需要有一个“具有体育头脑而脚踏实地的人”。许多年之后，萨马兰奇问布伦戴奇为什么把自己选人国际奥委会？布伦戴奇的回答不无幽默：“因为我知道，你总有一天会成为主席。” 西班牙的马德里和巴塞罗那曾共同申办1972年第20届奥运会，并且为此做了大量准备工作。但由于后来内阁意见不统一和马德里市长阿里亚斯·纳瓦罗的反对，西班牙奥申办小组直到国际奥委会定于1966年4月20日在罗马召开竞办大会的前一天才抵达会场，而且纳瓦罗拒绝率队前往。在这种情况下，萨马兰奇只好出面带领申办小组前往，虽然他明白，西班牙这次已经不可能得到主办权。 但是对于萨马兰奇来说，此行不虚。竟办大会后，国际奥委会紧接着举行了第65次全体委员会议。在这次会议上，萨马兰奇终于被选为国际奥委会委员。 这是萨马兰奇期待多年的一天。然而这一天的来到又显得那么平淡自然。萨马兰奇正在大街上行走，迎面碰上了他的朋友、记者梅尔塞·巴雷拉。梅尔塞·巴雷拉喜气洋洋地告诉萨马兰奇，他已经当选为国际奥委会委员。虽然当时国际奥委会的秘密会议还未结束，梅尔塞却已经知道了这个消息。为了抢发新闻，他悄悄把一条会议同声传译的线路接到了自己房间里，所以会议的过程他一清二楚。 “布伦戴奇做了不少工作，有不少人反对。不管怎么说，你已经是国际奥委会委员了。”梅尔塞喜洋洋地告诉自己的好友。 其实萨马兰奇已经猜到了三分。一方面，他了解布伦戴奇对自己的赏识以及布伦戴奇凡事不达目的不罢休的性格。另一方面，那一天正好是4月27日，是圣女蒙特塞拉特节。圣女蒙特塞拉特是卡塔卢尼亚的守护神。他相信，有圣女的保护，他会成功的。 由于国际奥委会已经有了一名西班牙籍委员，许多委员反对萨马兰奇加入国际奥委会。但布伦戴奇力执己见，坚持要给西班牙增加一个名额。在4月26日的会议上，布伦戴奇说1894年制订的《奥林匹克宪章》已不适应二十世纪60年代世界体育事业发展的形势，而且国际奥委会第62、第63次会议都曾讨论过修改《宪章》第20条的规定，现在已到了必须修改的时候了。布伦戴奇随后列举了萨马兰奇的众多优点及他为发展西班牙的体育运动所做的杰出贡献，希望各委员认真考虑萨马兰奇的加入将给国际奥委会带来什么样的利益。委员们各抒己见，最后同意了布伦戴奇的提议，在第二天的会议上进行一次全体委员的投票。 4月27日上午，投票结果终于出来了。布伦戴奇的提名以3票的多数获得通过。 自1953年萨马兰奇申请加入国际奥委会，到1966年国际奥委会最终批准，已经过去了13个年头。在13年时间里，萨马兰奇一直关注着国际奥委会和奥林匹克运动的发展，尤其是在这期间举行的3届奥运会，虽然他没有带队参加这3届体育盛会。 1956年11月22日至12月8日，第十六届奥运会在澳大利亚墨尔本举行。来自67个国家和地区的2958名男子运动员和384名女子运动员参加了首次在南半球进行的这次体育盛会。苏联运动员显示了他们强劲的实力，共获98枚奖牌（37金），美国代表队屈居第二，获74枚奖牌（32金），紧随其后的是澳大利亚35枚（13金）。由于当时马匹检疫原因，马术项目的比赛，移至瑞典的斯德哥尔摩举行。 这届奥运会总的来看比较成功，唯一美中不足的是在男子水球决赛中，匈牙利队与苏联队发生了冲突并导致流血事件。最后匈牙利队在这场因暴力而被中止的决赛中以4：0击败苏联队夺得金牌。 澳大利亚18岁的短跑名将贝蒂·卡恩伯特是本届奥运会的风云人物，她在短跑项目中一人独得3枚金牌。 第十七届奥运会于1960年8月25日至9月11日在意大利首都罗马举行，来自83个国家和地区的4738名男选手和610名女选手参赛。苏联再次荣登奖牌榜首，共获103枚（其中金牌43枚）、美国获74枚（34金）、意大利36枚（13金）。这届运动会上最引人注目的是意大利国家电视台对比赛进程进行了国际性电视转播，使地球其他地方的体育迷们坐在家里就能欣赏各国运动员高水平的角逐。美国哥伦比亚广播公司则用5万美元买断了美国国内的电视转播权。 从小就患小儿麻痹症的美国黑人女选手威尔玛·鲁道夫因获得女子100米、200米和4×100米接力3枚金牌而成为当时的新闻人物。拳王阿里第一次参加奥林匹克重量级拳击比赛，就获得了冠军。 第十八届奥运会于1964年10月10日在日本东京拉开战幕，这是奥林匹克运动会首次在一个亚洲国家举行。来自93个国家和地区的4457名男选手和683名女选手参赛。比赛结果，美国获90枚奖牌（36金）、苏联86枚（30金）、日本29枚（16金）。美国人唐·斯科兰德在100米和400米自由泳、400米和800米自由泳接力中的胜利使他成为第一位在一届奥运会上获得4枚金牌的游泳选手。 东道主日本为本届奥运会花费了近20亿美元，比以往任何一届都多。但这些钱并没有白花，因为这是历史上最成功的一届奥运会，而且还给日本带来了国际声誉，提高了其在世界上的经济地位。 这届奥运会上最引起轰动的人物是澳大利亚的唐·弗雷泽。她在连续第三次获得女子100米自由泳冠军后，以自己独特的方式庆祝胜利，结果引发了一场国际官司。弗雷泽先是喝了些啤酒，然后率一小伙人半夜去毁坏东京皇宫门前的一面日本旗帜。日本警方逮捕了她，但经澳大利亚使馆的交涉，很快此案就撤诉了。东京警视厅还将一面日本国旗送给弗雷泽作为礼物。 1966年罗马竞办大会上，萨马兰奇虽然获得了成功，但他所代表的西班牙申奥小组却失败了，尽管失败早在人们的意料之中。 《奥林匹克宪章》第5章第37条规定：“如果在一个国家中有几个城市要求举办同一届奥林匹克运动会，则由国家奥委会决定其中一个城市申办。” 由于西班牙向国际奥委会提出由马德里和巴塞罗那共同主办奥运会，违背了《奥林匹克宪章》规定原则，再加上马德里并未就申办奥运会进行认真准备，国际奥委会决定由慕尼黑主办第20届奥运会。当选国际奥委会委员的第二年，萨马兰奇接替埃洛拉，担任了西班牙奥委会主席。 西班牙在罗马痛失奥运会主办权，舆论界纷纷指责埃洛拉工作不利。萨马兰奇同年却加入了国际奥委会，并接替了埃洛拉的职务。埃洛拉从此对萨马兰奇耿耿于怀。 1970年的一天，萨马兰奇在对新闻界的一次谈话中谈到，根据他个人的亲身了解，他认为西班牙还不具备举办奥运会的能力。此语一出，埃洛拉勃然大怒。同时他认为抨击萨马兰奇的机会已到。于是埃洛拉在报纸上发表了一封给萨马兰奇的公开信，公开指责萨马兰奇利用到罗马争办奥动会的机会为自己加入国际奥委会游说活动。 公开信说，萨马兰奇认为西班牙不具备举办奥运会能力的言论“有悖于你4年前的看法。当时你不仅认为西班牙的某个城市应该争办1972年奥运会，而且还同你在国际奥委会里的朋友一起积极活动。”公开信别有用心地说，“与此同时，你还为自己能够成为国际奥委会成员而奔波游说。你坚持不懈，结果本来只能有一名委员的西班牙现在有了两名委员，而且一些真正有水平的人并没有当选。” 公开信企图把争办1972年奥运会失败的原因归咎于萨马兰奇，同时也是为自己开脱。埃洛拉在信中说，在申办小组去罗马之前，他已经对布伦戴奇和其他几位委员，特别是拉美国家的委员做了不少工作，萨马兰奇也参加了整个申办过程，应该对申办进展情况了如指掌。“但是1966年在罗马递交了申办报告之后，却发生了许多'巧合'。我们的申办工作由于非西班牙体育运动委员会和西班牙奥委会的原因失败了。” 公开信还质问，“究竟为什么，你的态度发生了180度的变化？”信的结尾说，“我要控告你。” 后来埃洛拉并没有象公开信中所叫嚷的那样，向司法部门提出控告，也许连他自己心里也清楚：没有站得住脚的理由，控告的结果除了自己要掏出巨额的诉讼费外，其它将一无所获。 面对这种恶意中伤，萨马兰奇采取的策略就是置之不理，他知道这种为开脱自己的责任而谴责他人的公开信不会引起太大的波澜。但这次风波也向萨马兰奇预示：他在国际奥委会的道路绝不会是一帆风顺。