Chapter 6 Part 1: The day and night of the "No. 1 Case in Guangzhou", which is full of dangers, sinks and floats

——Film Grand Ceremony: Jianguo The Origin of the 10th Anniversary Gift Film On the film front in New China, 1959 was a year worthy of special mention.In this year, taking the opportunity of presenting a gift to the 10th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China, under the personal intervention of Premier Zhou Enlai, the majority of film workers corrected the deviation in the creative thinking, and released a total of "Five Golden Flowers" in one go. The 18 domestic feature films represented have achieved remarkable results. However, searching the history, we found that the formation of this peak can not but start from 1957 when the extreme "left" trend of thought was rampant...

"A Little Story in the Big Storm" in the Anti-"Right" Movement On April 27, 1957, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the "Instructions Concerning the Rectification Movement". People's Daily co-published an editorial titled "Why? ", and a large-scale anti-"rightist" struggle was launched across the country. When the situation suddenly rose, the crowd responded. In August and September of 1957, the "anti-rightist" struggle in the film industry reached a climax.The China Film Federation held 15 conferences in Beijing to criticize Zhong Dian, and film studios in Shanghai, Changchun, and Beijing also successively held conferences to criticize their own "rightist speeches". In November, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the "Notice on the Criteria for Classifying "Rightists". Due to the expansion of the anti-"Rightists" struggle, many seniors, leaders, and famous actors in the film industry became enemies of the people overnight. "Rightists", Zhong Lian, Sha Meng, Guo Wei, Lu Ban, Wang Zhenzhi, Wu Yonggang, Shi Hui, Fang Hua, Bai Chen, Wu Yin, Xiang, Dai Hao, Li Jingbo, Guo Yuntai, etc. were classified as "rightists", famous The famous playwrights Wu Zuguang, Bai Hua, Mo Mojun, Zhang Xian, etc., as well as a large number of film artists were criticized and impacted.

In order to keep up with the times and film art to take on the sacred mission of historical focus, Shanghai Film Studio started shooting and completed a feature film centered on anti-"rightists" in early 1958. A film with the theme of anti-"rightists", "A Little Story in the Big Storm" produced by Shanghai Tianma Factory.This film is divided into three short stories, that is, it is composed of 3 short films: "This Road Is No Way", "Old Hatred and New Enmity", and "Great Wind and Strong Grass". Right" theme. "This Road Is No Way" reflects the capitalist Wang Hexing's attempt to implement the "20-year fixed term" and cancel the "public representative", which was severely criticized in the anti-"rightist" struggle.The director is Sang Hu, and the actors include Li Shoucheng, Jiang Tianliu, Zhang Yan, Yu Fei, Zhang Hui, etc.; "Old Hatred and New Enmity" depicts "rightist" Zhang Dongxi attacking the party, and advanced worker Zhao Yushan accused Zhang of killing his father before liberation crime.Original work: Liu Canglang, adaptation, director: Ye Ming, main actors include Feng, Li Ming, Shu Yi, Zheng Min, Yang Mengchang, etc.; Party member Yang Wenying fought against him resolutely.The director is Xie Jin, and Yin Weihui, Yang Zaibao, Jiao Huang, Li Jiayao, Qi Heng, Gao Bo, Cheng Zhi and other actors participated in the filming.This is the only anti-"rightist" theme film that came on stage in a hurry, and in response to the situation, it also ended hastily and ended without a problem.

The unique "artistic documentary" in the "Great Leap Forward" movement On February 3, 1958, the "People's Daily" published an editorial "Go all out and strive for the top", which set off a vigorous "Great Leap Forward" wave across the country. On March 9th of the same year, the Ministry of Culture held a "Comprehensive Leap Forward Conference" for film workers attended by more than 1,800 people. On May 1, Premier Zhou Enlai convened a meeting of heads of film bureaus and studios, instructing creative personnel to quickly organize creative personnel to go deep into life during the fierce struggle of the "Great Leap Forward", and proposed to capture new people, new things and new styles in real life , to release the film as soon as possible in the form of an "artistic documentary" to quickly reflect the triumphant song under the new situation. From May 5th to 23rd, the Second Session of the Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China formulated the general line of "go all out, strive for the top, and build socialism more quickly, better and more economically", and pointed out that the contradiction between the socialist road and the capitalist road is a current domestic problem. main contradiction. From May 9th to 19th, the Cultural and Film Bureau held a conference on the leap forward in creative thinking between Changchun Film Studio, Beijing Film Studio and Bayi Film Factory in Changchun. The meeting believed that many films produced in 1957 exposed serious bourgeois tendencies and proposed Carry out the campaign of "pulling the white flag" on the film front.At the same time, Shanghai also held a meeting with the same content, which conducted a profound inspection and criticism of Shanghai's film works. From May 25th to 31st, the Ministry of Culture held the "National Film Industry Leap Forward Work Conference". The meeting decided that the goal of the film industry's leap forward is "provincial studios, counties with movie theaters, and townships with projection teams."It was also decided that all provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions will start producing films within this year, and demonstrate the "film leap forward" with practical actions.For a time, film studios bloomed all over the country.

In June 1958, Changchun Film Studio completed the production of "Singing on the Reservoir", which was rated as a "new model" and "new style" in the "Great Leap Forward" that combined documentary and feature film themes, and was strongly advocated , starting with this film, and then this type of film was officially named "Artistic Documentary", and there were a flood of it all at once.In September of that year, "Huang Baomei" filmed by Shanghai Film Tianma Factory was completed and released, and was called a masterpiece of "artistic documentary" by the film industry.All of a sudden, Shanghai Film Studio, Bayi Film Studio, Beijing Film Studio, and the "Four Major Film Studios" of Changying Film Studio, which came from behind, bid for such "artistic documentaries" one after another, forming the national film industry from 1958 to the first half of 1959. The "main theme" played by the film accounted for more than half of the country's total production value of feature films.This situation continued until around September 1959, when it was replaced by 18 excellent gift films celebrating the 10th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China and 35 "new film exhibition months".