Chapter 48 Chapter 1 Liu Bang Proclaims Emperor

Liu Bangnai politely expressed humility in accordance with the ancient etiquette, and all the ministers insisted on supporting him.Of course, this is just a model play to show Liu Bang's virtue, and he is eager to ascend the throne as soon as possible in his heart. Master the military power and stabilize the leadership position In the Battle of Gaixia, the main battle army of Liu Bang's camp was Han Xin's 300,000 Qi troops. After Xiang Yu's demise, it was this power that worried Liu Bang the most. Fortunately, the two major teams in Han Xin's army, Guan Ying, commander of the cavalry regiment, and Cao Shen, commander of the infantry regiment, are both members of Liu Bang's direct line.

In particular, Guanying's cavalry regiment contributed the most in the Battle of Gaixia. The five generals who obtained Xiang Yu's corpse all belonged to the Guanying Group. After the war, Liu Bang ordered the princes to return to their fiefdoms first, waiting for further evaluation of merits and distribution of feudal matters. Therefore, everyone returned to the feudal country triumphantly in a very happy atmosphere. Zhang Liang and Chen Ping suggested that Liu Bang use the imperial guards to wait for an opportunity to seize the military power of Han Xin's 300,000 troops, so as to avoid future disasters. Anyway, with the assistance of Guan Ying and Cao Can, as long as Liu Bang is in the army in person, it is not difficult to restrain Han Xin.

Liu Bang learned that Han Xin's headquarters was going to inspect the southwest of Qi before returning to Qi, and temporarily camped in Dingtao City. So Liu Bang led the imperial guards to Dingtao, and entered Hanxin's base camp under the guise of Lao Jun, and seized his 300,000 army command flag. Since both Guan Ying and Cao Shen supported Liu Bang, Han Xin did not dare to protest, and only retained the command of the corps directly under him, and handed over the rest to Liu Bang calmly. Liu Bang promised to take Han Xin as the king of Chu, and Qi would assign another one. Because Liu Bang claimed that this action was only to establish Liu Bang's leadership in the alliance camp, and did not harm Han Xin's rights and interests, but instead gave Han Xin a larger Chu land, so the princes did not panic.Most of them believed that Liu Bang's act of seizing power was well-intentioned, and it was indeed necessary.

After Gong Ao, king of Linjiang, died, he was succeeded by his son Gong Wei.Gongwei did not surrender to Liu Bang, so Liu Bang sent Lu Wan and Liu Jia to attack him, and Gongwei was defeated and captured. Ascended the throne and established the Han regime In the first month of spring, Liu Bang formally granted Han Xin the title of King of Chu, ruled over the Huaibei area, and established his capital in Xiapi City. Peng Yue, who was originally the prime minister of the Wei state and was born a robber, was appointed King of Liang.And ordered amnesty for the world. At this time, Liu Bang had actually officially become the military and political leader of the whole of China. However, except for the leaders of the large armies such as Han Xin, Peng Yue, Zhang Er, and Yingbo, Liu Bang did not immediately do the work of enforcing the world, so as not to fall into the position of Xiang Yu's "killing for the world and not being fair". disaster."

This time, the princes and heroes became even more nervous because their names had not been determined.Liu Bang believed that the situation in the world was not stable, and everything should be considered in the long run. In order to stabilize the regime as soon as possible, the princes and generals of the legions jointly invited Liu Bang to be promoted to the emperor. Liu Bang said: "I heard that the position of emperor should be held by the most capable people in the world, otherwise it is just empty talk, without everyone's sincere support, it is impossible to establish a stable regime, and it will harm the peace of the world, so I really dare not take this responsibility. "

The ministers praised: "Your Majesty was born among the people. Who else could be more talented than you when you rebelled against the Qin Dynasty and pacified the world? Besides, all the meritorious people in the world have been crowned king by you. Doesn't that mean that you are the king of kings? If your majesty does not honor the title of Emperor Let the people of the world have a stable confidence? For the peace of the world, we are willing to follow you and support you to the death." Liu Bangnai politely expressed humility in accordance with the ancient etiquette, and all the ministers insisted on supporting him.Of course, this is just a model play to show Liu Bang's virtue, and he is eager to ascend the throne as soon as possible in his heart.

After the play was over, Liu Bang said to his ministers: "If you think that this must be the case, for the benefit of the people of the world, I have no choice but to resign myself to it." In February, Liu Bang set up an altar on the north bank of the Sishui River in Jiyin County, Caozhou, and officially ascended the throne as emperor. The queen Lu's family was renamed the queen, the prince was renamed the crown prince, and the deceased mother was honored as Mrs. Zhaoling. Except Chu Wang Hanxin, Liang Wang Pengyue, Huainan Wang Yingbu, and Zhao Wang Zhanger, Han Wangxin was formally granted the title of Han Wang, and his capital was Yangzhai. Hengshan Wang Wu Rui moved to Changsha and his capital was Linxiang. Yanwang Zangcha's vassal status, Yuewang Wuzhu was also renamed Minyuewang, and ruled central Fujian.

Liu Bang officially moved his capital to Luoyang (the old city of Luoyang), and beheaded Gongwei, the king of Linjiang who had been captured. In the summer of May, the emperor ordered the princes and legions to carry out disarmament and demobilization work in order to restore people's livelihood and normalize production operations. Self-reported success factors, get rid of the speculative mentality of generals. Soon, Liu Bang held a banquet in Nangong, Luoyang to entertain the heroes and princes. During the meeting, Liu Bang suddenly said to everyone: "All the princes and generals of the legion, I believe that none of you will deliberately conceal me, and I would like to hear your thoughts. Please come and discuss it. What is the main reason why I was able to win the world today, but Xiang Yu lost it? ?."

The bloody man Wang Ling immediately said: "Frankly speaking, His Majesty's attitude towards his subordinates is often casual and indifferent, which makes people feel disrespected. On the contrary, Xiang Yu is more polite and often deliberately shows his love for his subordinates. From this point of view, Your Majesty It would have been less favorable.” Liu Bang only smiled and agreed with Wang Ling. Wang Ling continued: "However, His Majesty's rewards and punishments are clear and straightforward, without selfishness, which Xiang Yu cannot do." "Oh, so what do you say?" Liu Bang asked.

"When His Majesty sent his subordinates to attack the city and plunder the land, all the results of the battle belonged to those who made meritorious deeds, which shows that His Majesty has made great contributions selflessly and shared the interests of the world. "Xiang Yu is jealous of the virtuous and capable, and fears that others will make great contributions. Therefore, those who perform outstandingly are abnormally jealous. Those who win are not given credit. So the main reason why you can’t get support from others and lose the world!” Liu Bang listened, but shook his head and said:

"What you said is only partly correct, and there is a more important reason that you have neglected to use strategic planning in the curtain to win a decisive victory thousands of miles away. I am not as good as Zhang Zifang (Zhang Liang) in controlling the country's resources, appeasing the people, and supplying goods. I am not as good as Xiao He in the ability to keep us from lacking in food during the war. I am not as good as Han Xin in the ability to gather millions of soldiers, win the battle, attack and command the war. "These three people are rare geniuses in the world. Although I am not as good as them, I can use them to serve me. This is why I conquer the world. Xiang Yu only has one Fan Zeng, but he can't use it, so he was defeated by me. of!" Liu Bang's way of speaking is naturally quite recognized by the generals and princes present. The Three Heroes of Prospering the Han Dynasty are certainly important, as Wang Ling said, Liu Bang often used "the strategy of sharing the world with others to win support, which is indeed the most important key factor for Liu Bang's victory in the struggle between Chu and Han." After the failure of the Battle of Pengcheng, the key to Liu Bang's return from the dead was to fight for Peng Yue and Yingbo's preference for the Han camp. Although this was Zhang Liang's idea, the actual chess piece was still the uprising of the two thieves, Peng Yue and Yingbo. Since they were born as thieves, they naturally didn't care about favors and morality, and the most important thing was interests. What Liu Bang promised them at the time was "the concept of sharing the world." In terms of the lethality of strategy, Chen Ping's strategy is better than Zhang Liang's. Zhang Liang really worked for ideas, while Chen Ping's ambitions tended to his own actual interests. Therefore, Liu Bang's concept of sharing also gained a lot for him. Capable of exerting strength. Wang Ling hit the point, but Liu Bang refused to admit it. The most important thing is that the current situation has changed, the world is peaceful, and the imperial power is also unified. Naturally, at this time, we can no longer talk about sharing the world with others and sharing political power. Even if you had to agree in the past, you have to find a way to take it back, so you have to come up with an aboveboard reason. Zhang Liang, Xiao He, and Han Xin are certainly outstanding, but there are only these three people in the world. This factor is irreplaceable, Liu Bang Good luck, destiny, so these three people will come to assist him, it is useless for others to imitate. Liu Bang has always been good at acting, covering up his weaknesses and creating believable situations.So we look at the records in "Historical Records", from the moment he appeared on the stage, there is not a word that is not bluffing.Although his remarks about the reasons for his own success are quite reasonable on the surface, they actually indirectly indicate that the concept of "sharing the world" is outdated. I hope that others will no longer have any delusions about wanting to own the world. Settle accounts after autumn, everyone has their own misfortunes and blessings After Han Xin entered his hometown, Xiaducheng, he immediately carried out two things that he wanted to do a long time ago. One is to summon the Piaomu who gave him food in the early years, and give him a thousand taels of gold according to the oath of the year.Although there have been rumors for a long time, Piaomu is still very surprised by Han Xin's achievements. The other thing is to summon the bad boy leader who forced himself to pass through his crotch on the street in the early years, and take him as a lieutenant. The leader originally thought that Han Xin would take revenge on himself, and now he must die, but unexpectedly he got an official position, and he was so surprised that he was speechless. This incident also shows that although Han Xin has amazing talents, he is very kind and pure in nature. Han Xin explained to his generals: "This guy is a strong man with great courage and straightforward personality. When I insulted me back then, why didn't I draw my sword and kill him? This is because it was just a personal insult, and there was no name for killing him. I had to endure it, and therefore let me There is today!" Han Xin's post-autumn settlements all ended in comedy. But for Tian Heng, the exiled leader of Qi State, it is a bit of a dilemma. When Peng Yue accepted Liu Bangjin as the King of Liang, Tian Heng, who had defected to Peng Yue, was afraid of being killed, so he took refuge with more than 500 subordinates on the island mountain in the East China Sea. Liu Bang knew that Tian Heng had a high reputation in Qi State, and his brother Tian Rong had many connections, so many well-known elders in Qi State respected Tian Heng.If he is allowed to act on the outer islands, it may cause future disasters on the eastern border, so Liu Bangnai sent a special envoy to pardon Tian Heng and call him into Luoyang. Tian Heng resigned and said: "I once killed your majesty's special envoy, Li Sheng. Now Li Shang, Li Sheng's younger brother, is a general in the court. If I go to the capital, I fear that I will be retaliated against. Therefore, I dare not issue an edict to ask you to depose the ministers as ordinary people and guard the court. In the island." The special envoy returned to Liu Bang.Liu Bang immediately summoned Li Shang and ordered: "Qi Wang Tianheng will enter Beijing to show his respect to the imperial court. Although he and you have old grievances, it is a major national event. If any of your people or Li's subordinates dare to take the opportunity to retaliate, they will be sentenced to extermination." Liu Bang then ordered the special envoy to present Tian Heng with this edict to show his sincerity in summoning him, and passed an oral edict saying: "Tian Heng went to Beijing to show obedience. The big one will be the king, and the small one will be made a lord. If he doesn't come, the army will be sent to conquer." Tian Heng was worried that Daoshan would encounter war because of him, so he and two guests took the legendary post car to Luoyang to meet Liu Bang. Before reaching Luoyang City 30 kilometers away, Tian Heng said to Liu Bang's envoy: "When a minister sees the Son of Heaven, he should wash himself first to show his respect." I am going to stay here for a few days. Tian Heng said to the two guests following him: "Tian Heng was originally the leader of the princes with the King of Han, and they are equal. Now the King of Han is the emperor, but Tian Heng is a captive of the subjugated country and must be served by the north. Generals become colleagues and stand side by side in the court, even if there is an imperial edict, they will not do anything to me, but I face General Li every day in the court, don't I feel ashamed in my heart? "Besides, Your Majesty summoned me just to see my face. Now please cut off my head and drive 30 miles into the capital. I believe that the appearance will not change too much, and I can still recognize it very clearly. !" What Tian Heng said meant that Liu Bang wanted to control only himself, as long as he proved that he was dead, there was no need to use force against the soldiers and civilians of Daoshan. After speaking, Tian Heng committed suicide and died.The guests immediately took off Tian Heng's head, put it properly in a wooden box, and then notified the envoy, the envoy was shocked, and quickly accompanied the guests to deliver the head to Luoyang to report to Liu Bang. Liu Bang was moved by Tian Hengzhi's virtuous name, and said sadly: "The three Tian brothers (referring to Tian Heng, Tian Rong, and Tian Dan) all came from the common people, and they became kings one after another. They are quite supported by the people. They are really worthy people." He also worshiped Tian Heng's two guests as captains, formed an honor guard of 2,000 people, and mourned Tian Heng with the royal etiquette. After the funeral, the two guests knelt beside Tian Heng's tomb and killed themselves, expressing that they would follow them underground. Liu Bang was even more surprised when he heard the news. He thought that Tian Heng's guests were all sages, so he ordered people to go to the island to report the bad news and summoned the other 500 people. Ji Bu was loyal and pardoned, and Liao Gong was punished for his two hearts. Talk about interests in war, talk about etiquette in peace. Liu Bang, who unified China, had to rebuild social and political ethics. The special courtesy to Tian Heng shows that Liu Bang, who has always been slovenly, has begun to care about the importance of social ethics. This may not be Liu Bang's nature, but obviously under the guidance of an expert, Liu Bang has begun to study hard to be an emperor. Soon, two more incidents occurred that made Liu Bang more expressive. Ji Bu, a native of Chu, was originally Xiang Yu's army general. He forced Liu Bang to flee several times, but Ji Bu did not relax, and kept a close watch on people, making Liu Bang's teeth itch with hatred. After Xiang Yu's death, Liu Bang's resentment towards Ji Bu couldn't be dissipated, so he offered a reward of a thousand pieces of gold to pursue him, and said that anyone who dared to hide Ji Bu would be punished by the three clans. Ji Shi cut off his hair, became a slave, and sold himself to the Zhu family's mansion in the state of Lu. Zhu's family is the boss of the Lu State. They are loyal and respected by their neighbors. They are also courageous and often solve people's difficulties. They are famous as chivalrous men. The Zhu family recognized Ji Bu quickly, but remained calm, and assigned him to work in the field to avoid being noticed. I heard that among Liu Bang's close ministers, Xia Houying was the most loyal, so Zhu Jianai went to Luoyang alone to meet Xia Houying, who had been named Teng Gong at that time. The Zhu family begged Xia Houying: "What crime did Ji Bu commit? He was King Xiang's general at the time, and he should have done his best in his duty. "Your Majesty rules the world, let alone kill all the ministers of the Xiang family. These people are all talented people! Moreover, the emperor is the most respected in the world, but seeks personal grievances on one person, it seems too immeasurable. "Ji Bu is a rare talent. If he is arrested too quickly, he may surrender to the Hu people in the north, or seek refuge in Baiyue in the south. Isn't this a stupid act of driving a strong man to support the enemy? Wu Zixu was so Isn’t whipping the corpse of King Chuping’s tomb a disaster like this? Since you are His Majesty’s trusted minister, why don’t you admonish this matter to His Majesty, so as not to cause major mistakes!” Xia Houying thought that what the Zhu family said was reasonable, so he readily agreed. Because of the special friendship between Xia Houying and Liu Bang, Xia Houying often had the opportunity to accompany Liu Bang alone. He frankly reported what the Zhu family had said to Liu Bang, and said that the Zhu family had surrendered to hide Ji Bu. Liu Bang was quite moved by the loyalty of the Zhu family, and ordered Ji Bu to be pardoned on the spot, and worshiped him as an official doctor. When Liu Bang wanted to summon the Zhu family, the Zhu family had already abandoned their home and fled, and they were no longer seen. Ding Gong, the younger brother of Ji Bu's mother, is also Xiang Yu's general.During the Battle of Pengcheng, Duke Ding besieged Liu Bang on the west side of Pengcheng. Ding Gong thought that Liu Bang was an old colleague and had generous gifts, so he deliberately let him go. Liu Bang sent Ding Gong to a military trial and said: "When Ding Gong was Xiang Yu's subject, he was disloyal and caused his master to lose the world. He should be executed!" At the moment, Ding Gong was beheaded. "I did this to tell those who will be ministers in the future not to imitate Ding Gong! If you have enemies, forgive them, but if you have favors, you will be executed." However, in the chronicle, Sima Guang praised Liu Bang for this matter: "Since the Han Gaozu rebelled in Feng and Pei, he has recruited heroes from all over the country and recruited desperadoes. Among them, I don't know how many of them who violated morality and abandoned the law. After ascending the throne, they were only punished for the crime of infidelity. Is this really true? What's the point?. "Because there is a big difference between advancing the world and maintaining peace. When the heroes compete for the world, everyone has no fixed master. As long as they come to join, they accept them. Tolerance is great, and one's own efforts can be expanded. "But now that you are the Son of Heaven, there is no one in the world who is not his subject. If the subjects are not required to abide by propriety and righteousness, everyone will have two minds and speculate on luck, and it will be difficult for the country to maintain permanent peace. "Therefore, we must categorically show the great righteousness, so that all the subjects of the world know the truth of being a subject. Heaven and earth will not tolerate those who are not loyal to their duties, and those who are selfish and gracious, even if it is beneficial to themselves, are still against justice. Lou Jing and Zhang Liang discuss moving the capital to Guanshen Lou Jing is a native of Qi, and was later given the surname Liu by Liu Bang because of his meritorious service, so he was also called Liu Jing. When Liu Bang came to the throne, Lou Jing was stationed in the Longxi area and was in charge of trade with foreign races, so he had a lot of experience in frontier defense and diplomatic affairs. He arrived in Luoyang from the frontier (Luoyang was officially renamed Luoyang at that time), and was recommended by General Yu, a native of Qi, to meet Liu Bang Lou Jing, who was wearing a simple sheepskin coat outside the Great Wall. General Yu asked him to change into a gorgeous court dress to enter the palace. Lou Jing said: "I will present you with silk clothes, and brown clothes. I will present you with brown clothes. I will keep my original appearance, and I don't want to deceive the emperor!" General Yu had no choice but to tell Liu Bang this remark. Liu Bang never liked hypocritical people, so he thought Lou Jing was interesting, so he summoned him. Lou Jing asked Liu Bang: "I heard that His Majesty intends to use Luoyang as the capital, presumably to follow the prosperity of the Zhou Dynasty!" Liu Bang also said frankly: "Indeed I have this idea." "Your Majesty's thinking is actually quite dangerous." "Oh! What about that?" "Your Majesty's acquisition of the world is fundamentally different from that of the Zhou Dynasty. Before the establishment of the Zhou Dynasty, its leader, Houji, was entrusted to the Ministry of Tai, accumulating kindness and strength for more than 10 generations, until King Tai, Wang Ji, and King Wen During the time of King Wu and Wu, their power was already very strong, so they were able to take advantage of the chaos of Yin and Shang to defeat King Zhou of Yin and become the emperor, but their capital was still located in Gaojing in Guanzhong. "It was not until King Cheng came to the throne and the Duke of Zhou was the prime minister that there was a plan to manage Luoyang. Luoyang is located in the world, and princes from all directions pay tribute or go to Beijing to report on their duties. The distance is relatively close and the transportation is convenient. "But the most dangerous thing about managing Luoyang is that it is easy to become a king with support, and it is easy to be subjugated when the Zhou Dynasty is not supported. We had to work very hard to wait until the Zhou Dynasty declined, and the princes of the world no longer paid tribute, and the Zhou Dynasty could not ask them. "Your Majesty's uprisings are abundant today. With the Shu Han as the base, he quelled the Three Qin Dynasty and fought with Xiang Yu in Xingyang and Chenggao. There were 70 big battles and 40 small battles. The people of the world were devastated, and the bones of fathers and sons were innumerable in the wilderness. Weeping The voices are endless, and the wounds of the people seem to have not been healed, but they want to imitate the success and prosperity of the Wu Dynasty and establish Luoyang as the capital. I secretly think that it is impossible. "Moreover, in the Guanzhong area of ​​the Qin State, there are steep mountains and dangerous rivers as barriers, and the four gates are as solid as a rock. When there is an emergency, the household registration in Guanzhong can quickly gather millions of soldiers. , and reached an unprecedented powerful state, so it has the reputation of the land of abundance. "If Your Majesty enters Guanzhong and thinks of Kyoto, even if the Shandong (referring to the east of Hangu Pass) area is chaotic, Guanzhong can still maintain peace. "When a husband fights with others, the most beneficial thing is to strangle his throat and press his back, and he can't resist the convenience. "Now if His Majesty can control Guanzhong, he will undoubtedly gain the advantage of holding the throat of the world and subduing the back of the world." Although Liu Bang thought it was reasonable, but because the scope involved was too wide to make a decision, he deliberated with his ministers. Most of the ministers and generals in Liu Bang's camp belong to the east of Hangu Pass, so they don't want to set their capital in Guanzhong. "The Zhou Dynasty was blessed and auspicious for hundreds of years, and Qin II died. The geographical advantage in Guanzhong could not really hold on to the regime. Moreover, Luoyang had the danger of Chenggao in the east, the steep mountains of Mio Mountain and Nichi in the west, the Yellow River in the north, and the east. Yishui and water control are also considered to be sufficient geographically.” Liu Bang hesitated, so he asked Zhang Liang for advice in private. Zhang Liang said with a smile: "Although Luoyang also has a favorable location, its central hinterland is only a hundred miles away, and its productivity is weak. It is surrounded by plains and is easily surrounded. It is indeed not a country of military use. "In Guanzhong, there are Huogu and Hangu Pass on the left, Longzhong and Shuzhong on the right, and fertile fields thousands of miles away. In the south, there are Bazhong and Shuzhong, which are rich in production. In the north, there are Huren borders that can be used for animal husbandry and trade. There are obstacles on three sides, and they are easy to defend. It is difficult to attack, but it can be condescending on the east side, and the east controls the princes. "When the princes are stable, they can take advantage of the Yellow River and the Wei River to provide the world's wealth and tribute to the princes of the capital. If they go down the river, they can conveniently supply the rebellious army. enough resources to fight against Xiang Yu), Lou Jingzhi’s view of the so-called Jincheng Qianli, the Land of Abundance is also very reasonable.” In terms of strategy, Liu Bang had always trusted Zhang Liang very much, so he ordered "the majority obeys the minority, drive westward into Guanzhong today, and decide to use Chang'an as the capital to start planned construction. Lou Jing's view was correct. He worshiped him as a doctor, named Fengchunjun, and gave him the surname Liu. Renamed to Liu Jing "Historical Records" contains "Liu Jing Biography". Zhang Liang's health has always been poor, and with years of hard work, his condition has worsened, and the medicine and stones are not effective.However, he once accepted the guidance of books donated by Mr. Huangshi, and he was quite familiar with the Taoist art of self-cultivation and health preservation. On the way west to Guanzhong, a chronic illness broke out. Zhang Liangnai went on a hunger strike to adjust his body by calming down and promoting Qi, and asked Liu Bang for a long leave to stay out of the house. Many friends advised him that even Liu Bang recognized Zhang Liang's contribution, so he should take this opportunity to get rich. But Zhang Liang said frankly: "My family is the prime minister of South Korea. When South Korea perished, I did not hesitate to spend tens of thousands of dollars, just trying to avenge South Korea, and I was not afraid of trying to assassinate Qin Shihuang so that the world would be shocked. "Now that I only have a three-inch tongue, I have become the emperor's teacher, and I have been granted the title of Marquis of Ten Thousand Households. For me, an ordinary person without a country, this is the highest status and status. I, Zhang Liang, are quite satisfied, so I don't want to compete for fame in the secular world anymore. Duoli, I hope I can follow the Chisongzi to travel to the immortals!" This statement undoubtedly shows that although Zhang Liang is reused by Liu Bang, he has no ambitions at all. Therefore, Zhang Liang is an important cadre that Liu Bang can rest assured from the beginning to the end. 【Chen Wende Commentary】 Laozi's "Tao Te Ching, Chapter 50": "From birth to death, three out of ten people live, three out of ten people die, and three people out of ten live, move and die. If you don’t meet a tiger when traveling on land, if you enter the army, you won’t be armored by soldiers, if you die, you won’t have anything to throw at it, if a tiger doesn’t know what to do with its claws, and if soldiers don’t have anything to tolerate, why is it that you don’t have a blade? It’s because there’s no place to die.” Human beings are born to live and enter the earth to die.But life and death are actually the same thing, and they are all just the function of the four limbs and nine orifices. (Limbs and nine orifices are the center of life that Chinese people have believed since ancient times.) During birth, the limbs and nine orifices are active, and at death, the four limbs and nine orifices return to the stillness of death. Human life, from birth to every moment towards death, is also the work of the four limbs and nine orifices. The more you want to survive, the more you are afraid of death. At this time, the damage to the limbs and the nine orifices will be greater. For example, eating too much and too well will hurt the body, too much fear and anxiety will hurt the heart, eager to survive, and too much ambition will hurt the body. Therefore, those who are good at cultivating health will not encounter ferocious tigers when walking in the wild, and will not be injured by weapons on dangerous battlefields. Therefore, although the ox is fierce, it does not use its horns, the tiger, although fierce, does not use its claws, and the sword, although sharp, does not use its blade. Why is this?Because people who are good at keeping in good health will make sure that any ferocious objects will not hurt their limbs or nine orifices, and will not put them to death. In Lao Tzu's thinking, being weak and not contending is the most important attitude of letting nature take its course.Prudently remove one's own desires and ideas, and throw oneself into nature. The power of nature is incomparably great, and those who put themselves into nature will also show their strength and greatness in it.Worldly interests are as indifferent to him as floating clouds. Zhang Liang's contribution to the establishment is by no means inferior to that of Han Xin and Xiao He. His influence on Liu Bang may be greater than that of the two, but Zhang Liang's performance is soft and soft, weak and weak . Even when it comes to the most basic appetite, he uses non-human food to make himself ascetic, to the point where nothing can lure him or hurt him.In a series of conspiracies and struggles after the founding of the Han Dynasty, even Xiao He, who was cautious and careless, was unavoidably hurt, but Zhang Liang, who had always spoken bluntly and acted boldly, was safe from the beginning to the end, and even gained Liu Bang's trust more and more. It can be said that he is a person who has a deep understanding of nature and life and death.