Chapter 4 Chapter 1 The Kingdom of Tigers and Wolves

In his later years, King Qin Zhaoxiang launched a series of destructive terrorist wars, especially the Battle of Changping, where he killed 420,000 Zhao's army, which was the most brutal.In the 50 years before and after, the three powers in the Central Plains, Han, Zhao, and Wei, suffered millions of troops, and the number of strong men was reduced by more than half. Salted fish turned over, and a foreigner entered the Qin government Qin Xiaogong's reform made the state of Qin soar. During the reign of King Zhaoxiang of Qin, he made more efforts to expand the policy, so that this sleeping lion, which lived in the Qiyong border area and was abandoned on the international stage of the Central Plains, suddenly roared. Within decades, it became the color of the international princes. It has become a country of tigers and wolves.

From a small and medium-sized enterprise that could not find planning and management talents, so it was on the verge of dissolution, it became an utopia where people with lofty ideals all over the world rushed to join in. The speed of Qin's success is astonishing. The Qin Wangzheng who finally ruled the world is King Qin Zhaoxiang great-grandson. King Qin Zhaoxiang reigned for 56 years. The original prince died before him in the 40th year. Therefore, the second son, An Guojun, was appointed as the successor. An Guojun was originally not the eldest son, and his status was not particularly valued. Therefore, he had a son named Yiren, who was held hostage by Qin's old enemy - Zhao.

An Guojun has more than 20 sons, but none of them are direct descendants. The eldest son and son servant are not favored, so it is impossible to decide the heir for a while.Mrs. Huayang, who is most favored by Mr. An and has the greatest influence in the harem, has no sons, so Mr. An did not actively establish a prince. You can live by looking at the goods, but you don't know the treasures Lu Buwei thought that this was an unprecedented rare commodity, so he decided to make a large investment in Yiren. First of all, he used a silver bullet offensive to let Mrs. Huayang accept Yiren and adopt him as an adopted son, and then bribed the spies sent by the Zhao royal family to monitor Yiren, and assisted Yiren to escape back to Qin without permission, so as to officially become the heir of An Guojun.

Since Mrs. Huayang is from Chu, the other person changed her name to Zichu. When Lu Buwei discovered the identity of the foreigner, he once passed on his most beautiful concubine to the foreigner in order to show his win over.This concubine gave birth to a son when King Zhaoxiang lived in Handan in 48 years, and named him "Zheng, which is Qin Wangzheng who will unify the six countries in the future." According to "Historical Records", when this concubine married a foreigner, she was pregnant and her background was only a singing girl in the mansion. Lu Buwei made this arrangement because he wanted to steal the day and make his offspring a member of the Qin royal family. The heir, Sima Qian speculated that Qin Shihuang should be Lu Buwei's illegitimate son.

Such sayings have been flooded in China's official and unofficial histories in the future, and some historians even believe that this is the main reason for Qin Shihuang's distorted personality and tyranny in the future. But if you look at it from a more objective and pragmatic scientific perspective, this headless case is really puzzling. Even if it is true, it is a bedside secret that only the parties involved may know. How do history writers confirm the evidence? of?According to the author's guess, this statement is more likely to be a rumor deliberately created by the literati of the Han Dynasty to vilify Qin Shihuang.

Because Qin Shihuang's biological mother was of humble background and was a singing girl, her sexual life may not be simple, and she was once Lu Buwei's concubine, and the indecent incident with Miu Ai in the future made the literati of the Han Dynasty judge that Qin Shihuang had It may not be the biological child of a foreigner.However, it is easy to calculate the time of pregnancy, and there must be someone to serve beside the stranger, Lu Buwei should not be so bold. Soft mergers lay the foundation for unity In the early years, King Zhuang Xiang made an appointment with Lu Buwei. If he could become the king of Qin, he would share the power with Lu Buwei. This is also a partnership contract set by Lu Buwei with the investment vision of a businessman. Xinhou owns a food town of 100,000 households in Luoyang area.

In his later years, under the planning and command of Fan Ju and Bai Qi, King Qin Zhaoxiang launched a series of devastating terrorist wars, especially the most brutal battle of Changping, which killed 420,000 Zhao troops.In the years before and after, the three powerhouses in the Central Plains, Han, Zhao, and Wei, suffered damages of up to one million troops, and the number of strong men was reduced by more than half.Therefore, regardless of momentum or strength, at least in the Central Plains, Qin State has gained an absolute advantage. It’s just that since King Qin Hui appointed Zhang Yi, the ruling authorities of the Qin State have used too many deceitful and terrorist methods. Therefore, contemporary literati and future historians generally do not have a high evaluation of the expansion of Qin’s national power during this period. The country calls it."

King Zhuang Xiang ascended the throne, and Lu Buwei presided over the administration. Based on his long-term business experience, he has a better understanding of the political conditions and geography of various countries, so he is more confident in making decisions about international expansion routes.However, Lu Buwei advocated the adoption of a peaceful offensive, opposed to terrorist massacres, and placed more emphasis on land annexation rather than annihilating force warfare, which may have something to do with his businessman character. In the first year of King Zhuangxiang, Lu Buwei took advantage of the rumors that the Eastern Zhou royal family conspired to instigate a coup within the Qin royal family, and took the opportunity to send troops to attack Gongdu, the last stronghold of the Zhou royal family. The Eastern Zhou royal family officially perished Henan, Luoyang, Gucheng, Pingyin, Yanshi, Gongdu, and Gou. Qiyi, including the clan, was incorporated into the territory of the Qin royal family.

The general who commanded this battle, Meng Yu, took advantage of the victory to capture Chenggao and Xingyang, the important military towns of South Korea, and gained attack bases that could directly attack the three princes of the Central Plains in the future. So far, South Korea has existed in name only. The following year, under the instruction of Lu Buwei, Meng Yu greatly expanded the territory of the Qin State. Gaodu of the State of Wei and 37 cities including Yuci, Xincheng, and Langmeng of the State of Zhao fell one after another. In the third year of King Zhuangxiang, Lu Buwei sent General Wang Yan to annex the Shangdang area of ​​South Korea, merged 37 cities including Langmeng, and established Taiyuan County directly under the jurisdiction of the Qin royal family.

King Zhuangxiang passed away after only three years in office, and was succeeded by Prince Zheng as King Qin. Since Zheng was only 13 years old at that time, Lu Buwei was regent and changed his name to prime minister. honorific title). Lu Buwei's internationalism not only tried his best to expand the territory of Qin State, but also introduced a large number of foreign diners, forming an unprecedentedly large foreign political group, making Xianyang a standard international city. It is said that Lu Buwei has more than 10,000 servants and more than 3,000 diners. Among them, there are many ministers who are capable of helping the country and the world, such as Cai Ze, Zhang Tang, Gan Luo, Li Si and other celebrities.

King Qin's coup d'état only changed the soup but not the medicine The nine years from the death of King Zhuang Xiang to the reign of King Qin was the heyday of Lu Buwei's power. Due to the close relationship between Lu Buwei and the Queen Mother (Qin Wangzheng's mother), and the young age of King Qin, many things do not need to go through the King of Qin, so Lu Buwei directly issues orders, and foreign political groups control the operation of the regime. Therefore, many local heavyweight generals in Qin State Very dissatisfied.It's just that Lu Buwei's power is too great, and the Queen Mother is backing him, so the generals of the local faction have no choice but to be angry and dare not speak out. However, when the general Meng Yu conquered Zhao State, Lu Buwei made a mistake in logistics mobilization, and Meng Yu was defeated and died in the line of duty. The local generals were very dissatisfied with the mistakes caused by the interference of military administration by outsiders outside Lu Buwei, so they pinned their future hopes on the young On Qin Wangzheng. Perhaps due to the difficult life experience in childhood, the 13-year-old Qin Wang Zhengdang is particularly mature and dignified. Not only is he majestic, tall, brave and agile, but he is also very kind and polite to his subordinates.Therefore, the leaders of the legions highly respected this "sensible young gentleman, and they all joined him, becoming a huge local faction force." In the ninth year after he ascended the throne, Qin Wangzheng has become a 22-year-old handsome young man. He has an active personality, works hard, and is also very concerned about state affairs. The struggle between the political group faction and the generals and generals also intensified. Soon, the embarrassment between the empress dowager and the fake eunuch Wu Lai finally broke out. Someone reported that Miu Ai was a fake eunuch arranged by Lu Buwei to win over the Queen Mother in the harem, which seriously damaged the ethics of the Qin royal family.Therefore, local generals assembled under the banner of Qin Wangzheng and launched a palace coup. Miu Ai and his sons born to the Queen Mother were all executed, and the Queen Mother was imprisoned in the Fuyang Palace.Lu Buwei was also exempted from his position and relegated to Shu because of this incident, but he committed suicide midway because he was worried about being persecuted.At this time, the local faction regained the power of the royal family, and the huge foreign political group was facing the crisis of total collapse. [The leader of the Tu faction took the opportunity to suggest to Qin Wangzheng: " "Currently important official positions in the Qin government are held by foreigners. The reason why these foreign politicians came to Qin is mainly to try to protect their own interests. They have never regarded Qin as their own country, and often deliberately disrupt our political situation. Therefore, the most important task at present is to deprive them of their positions and expel them from Qin." Remonstrance to drive away guests, Li Sizhan has Hua Li Si, a diner under Lu Buwei, is a native of Shangcai in Chu State. He once worshiped Gou Zi, a great Confucian in Chu State, as his teacher. Interview with Qin Ganyan——The influence of "On a Strong Country" is to stay away from home, go west to Qin State, worship under Lu Buwei's family as a diner, and seek better development opportunities. Shortly after arriving in Qin State, Li Si proposed to Qin Wangzheng a strategy of annexing the six countries through Lu Buwei's recommendation.His method is quite "utilitarian, and belongs to the strategic orientation of the foreign political group that has always adhered to the combination of rigidity and softness:" Conspiracy to send counselors to hold gold and jade to lobby the princes...The princes and celebrities who can give money (accept their bribes) will make a generous legacy; those who refuse to stab them with a sharp sword are far from the plan of their monarchs and ministers, and the king of Qin will send good generals to follow Acting both hard and soft, never giving up until the goal is achieved, this is the essential personality of Li Si who is mainly utilitarian, so Qin Wangzheng was very impressed with him, and he once worshiped him as a guest minister. After the announcement of the "Decree for Expelling Guests", Li Si was naturally unwilling to be excluded from then on, and immediately submitted an urgent letter to Qin Wangzheng. First of all, he thought: When the officials heard that the officials were talking about the passers-by, they thought it was a mistake... Then he listed the contributions of foreign political groups to the development of Qin's national power, from Baili Xi and Jian Shu in the era of Qin Mugong, to Shang Yang in the era of Qin Xiaogong, Zhang Yi and Gan Mao in the era of King Hui of Qin, to Fan Ju in the era of King Zhaoxiang, They are all foreign guests who have made key contributions to the strength of the Qin State and have a huge foreign political group, which is also the main reason why Qin State can become the most powerful country in the contemporary era. Squeezing out foreign guests will make them serve other princes instead, so that the talented people in the world will not dare to go west to Qin. Isn't this the same as sending troops and food to the enemy? Although these foreign guests are not from Qin, they are willing to be loyal to Qin for the sake of practicing their personal political ideas...Isn't it tantamount to compromising one's own strength to help the enemy now that guests are used to capitalize on the enemy's country?It will be very difficult to make one's own talents empty, and to complain to the princes, so that the country will not suffer from crisis! This is the famous "Book of Remonstrance and Chasing Guests" in history. Qin Wangzheng is a strong leader with absolutely rational thinking. After reading Li Si's letter, regardless of the objections of the local army generals who originally supported him, he immediately canceled the "Exit Order", retained all foreign political groups, and reused Li Si. He was promoted to Ting Wei and participated in the discussion of central policy. Accept advice and improve international image When Qin Wangzheng launched a coup, he put the queen mother under house arrest in the Fuyang Palace. In order to show his determination, he ordered those who dared to persuade him with this matter, "kill them, and cut off their limbs. As a result, all 27 ministers around the queen mother were executed. I was so scared that no one dared to mention it again.” Unexpectedly, the guest of Qi nationality, Mao Jiao, boldly wrote a letter expressing his appeal to the Empress Dowager, and Qin Wangzheng sent someone to warn him: "Didn't you see the 27 ministers who have been executed?" Mao Jiao said with a smile: "I heard that there are 28 stars in the sky, and now only 27 people have died. Plus, am I making up the full number? For the future of Qin, I will not care about my own life!" After hearing this, Qin Wangzheng also said stubbornly: "As long as it is a human being, who is not afraid of death? Whoever dares to speak out on this matter again, I will use a cauldron to kill him on the spot!" So he ordered Mao Jiao to be interviewed, and Qin Wangzheng sat in the hall with his sword pressed, ready to embarrass Mao Jiao on the spot. Mao Jiao walked slowly and calmly in front of Qin Wangzheng, knelt down and got up and said: "I heard that those who love life are never taboo about death, and those who love the country should not be taboo about the crisis of subjugation, because those who taboo about death will neglect their health and fail to achieve longevity; those who taboo about the crisis of subjugation will instead It will make the country not last forever, so life and death have always been very concerned about by the wise king, don't you really want to hear about it?" King Qin: "How can this be explained?" Mao Jiao: "Your Majesty has now committed acts of madness and rebellion without knowing it. He has killed his false father (Absurd Ai), slaughtered two ignorant younger brothers, imprisoned his biological mother in Lama Temple, and killed those who came to advise him. Isn't this the same as the evil deeds of King Xia Jie and King Yin Zhou? If Your Majesty does not commit suicide, the image of Qin State will be destroyed overnight. Who else would love Qin State if there are talented people in the world? I'm really worried about His Majesty, I've finished what I want to say now, please execute me quickly!" After speaking, Mao Jiao Dangyan took off his clothes and prepared to be tortured. After Qin Wangzheng heard it, he immediately went down to the hall and helped Mao Jiao up with both hands: "Sir, please put on your clothes! I am willing to accept your advice." And when the court appointed Mao Jiao as Shangqing. Later Qin Wangzheng drove the car himself, vacated the honorable seat on the left, and went to Fuyang Palace to welcome the Empress Dowager back to the inner palace, and still served her as a mother. The enlightened image of Qin Wangzheng immediately spread throughout China. Daliang (Wei State) strategist Wei Liao also arrived in Xianyang after Qin Wangzheng canceled the "Expelling Guest Order". He suggested to Qin Wang: "With Qin's current strength, the other princes have long been comparable to Qin's prefectures and counties. But what we are most afraid of is that our own carelessness will allow other princes to combine their interests, which will instead pose a serious threat to us. "So I suggest that the king should be willing to spend a lot of money to bribe the princes and powerful officials to disrupt his policies. According to my estimates, it only takes about 300,000 gold to wipe out all the princes..." Qin Wangzheng appreciated Wei Liao's knowledge very much, and treated him with special courtesy, and even gave him his own clothes and food (according to the custom at that time, it means that he attaches great importance to it). However, Wei Liao, who was extremely rational and calm, was very uncomfortable with Qin Wangzheng's deliberate enthusiasm. He privately expressed to his friends: "King Qin has a tall nose and long eyes, a chest as straight as an eagle, and a voice as loud as a wolf. This kind of person is usually cruel and ruthless. When he fails, he can force patience. He is a virtuous corporal. Once he achieves his goal, he will devour people. I am just I can't bear this kind of favor. I predict that if the king of Qin really unifies the world one day, everyone will become his slaves..." Wei Liao was afraid that King Qin would be ruthless, so he took the opportunity to flee, but King Qin was not angry, and still found him personally, and specially gave him the heavy responsibility of espionage, intelligence and political warfare. It's hard to say it alone, but scholars are no match for Cetu During this period, although most of the foreign politicians were able to be reused and treated favorably by King Qin, there was one scholar-type politician who most suited King Qin’s taste, but because he was eager to contribute to this wave of unification, he unfortunately fell into personal misery. fate. Han Fei, a young Korean aristocrat, is well-known for his study of criminal names and spells. He has written to the Korean monarch several times, proposing comprehensive reforms to save South Korea's declining national power, but they have not been adopted.So he retreated to write 56 papers, including "Lonely Anger", "Five Beetles", "Internal and External Reserves", "Shuo Lin", and "Shuo Difficult", with a total of more than 100,000 words, which greatly increased his international popularity. . Qin Wangzheng heard his name and wanted to meet him very much, so he sent someone to ask Han Wang to come to see Qin Wang with Han Fei as his special envoy. Han Fei, who was completely disappointed in South Korea, thought that Qin Wangzheng might be the "boss" he was worthy of entrusting his life to, so he took the opportunity of this mission to Qin to take the initiative to put forward a passionate suggestion to Qin Wangzheng: " Today, Thailand has thousands of miles of territory and millions of fighting legions, with strict orders and an orderly system. Such a national strength is unmatched by the princes of the world. Therefore, I took the liberty to seek an audience with the king, and wanted to provide specific suggestions for Zuo Guo to calm the world.If Your Majesty can accept my strategy, I believe he will be able to defeat all the heroes in the world in one fell swoop.I dare to say boldly, if my method cannot immediately surrender Zhao and destroy Han, make Wei Chu become a minister, Qi Yan sue for peace, prevent the king from fulfilling his wish to dominate the world, and the princes do not take the initiative to pay tribute to Qin, then it means that my strategy is wrong for the country , If I fail to fulfill my duties as a minister, the king can kill me immediately to prevent those who are not loyal to the king's plan. Perhaps Han Fei talked too much, and his attitude was too flattering, which made Qin Wangzheng, who was always suspicious and disliked courtiers stealing the limelight, feel uneasy, and seemed hesitant to meet Han Fei. Naturally, this weakness was quickly seen through by Li Si who was beside Qin Wangzheng. Li Si and Han Fei belonged to the family of Gou Zi, a great Confucian in Chu State, Han Fei was not only sharp in thinking, but also more knowledgeable than Li Si. His only disadvantage was that he had a severe stutter and poor language expression ability. Li Si has always been jealous of Han Fei's talent and learning, and he was even more afraid that if King Qin reused Han Fei, his career would be affected, so he took this opportunity to say to Qin Wangzheng: "Han Fei is originally a nobleman in South Korea. He has a high status in the country. It is impossible for him to deviate from South Korea in terms of mentality and actual interests. Therefore, he is by no means like a foreign strategist who was born as a commoner. Although his words of true loyalty to Qin are good, but The ultimate goal is still to try to keep Korea, and it will never really help our work of annexing the six countries. "Now that he has stayed in Qin for so long, he is bound to obtain a lot of internal information from our side. Letting him go back to South Korea may be detrimental to our upcoming annexation operation. Why don't we find an excuse first, so that he can go to Qin to collect Information charges are withheld to avoid unexpected adverse situations..." Qin Wangzheng had always trusted Li Si, and because he was very busy with work, he had no time to learn more about this incident, so he followed Li Si's suggestion and sent law enforcement officials to arrest Han Fei, temporarily detaining him under the pretext of investigating his crime. Li Si was afraid that the night would have long dreams, so he secretly asked someone to give poison to Han Fei in prison, and ordered him to commit suicide so as not to be humiliated.Although Han Fei wanted to defend himself, he was unable to meet the King of Qin. In grief and indignation, he committed suicide in prison. Soon, Qin Wangzheng thought of this incident again and felt that Han Fei was pitiful, so he sent someone to prison to pardon him, but it was a pity that Han Fei had been dead for a long time. King Qin proclaimed himself emperor and completed military unification In the seventeenth year of Qin Wangzheng, South Korea was the first to accept the Dixioxi and became a vassal of Qin State. Qin Wangzheng ordered South Korea to be changed to Yingchuan County. In the nineteenth year, Wang Jian, the chief general of the Qin State, defeated the Zhao army, captured Handan, the capital of Zhao, and captured Zhao Wangqian.Although there are still many surviving Zhao royal nobles who fled to the north, intending to restore the country.However, Zhao, the most powerful military state in the Central Plains, has indeed existed in name only. In the 20th and 12th year, Prince Dan of Yan sent Jing Ke to assassinate King Qin and failed. Wang Jian was ordered to attack Yan from Zhao State through Wei. To Liaodong. However, at this time, it was the Chu State in the south that gave Qin Wangzheng the most headache.Through the use of espionage warfare, although Chu State has fallen into disintegration, its huge combat power makes the brave Qin army not absolutely sure of victory. Qin Wangzheng originally wanted the veteran general Wang Jian to be in charge of the battle of Chu, but Wang Jian insisted on using 600,000 troops. The coalition forces of Li Xin and Meng Tian were defeated unexpectedly, which greatly frustrated Qin's momentum. Qin Wangzheng had no choice but to invite the retired veteran Wang Jian to lead an army of 600,000 to attack Chu. The state of Chu belongs to the tribal alliance of decentralized power. If the troops of each tribe are allowed to gather, the number will be very large. Even Wang Jian's 600,000 army is not his opponent. Therefore, Wang Jian is unwilling to face head-to-head. He defended the fortress, fortified the walls and cleared the field, and refused to fight. Although the Chu army challenged him several times, Wang Jian ignored it accordingly. During this period, Wang Jian and the soldiers lived and ate together to maintain the centripetal force of the Qin army.Over time, the alliance-style Chu army lacked strong command and leadership, and gradually relaxed.Coupled with the large number of people, the difficulty of food supply, the chaotic administrative system, and fragmented governance, the tribal legions had no choice but to retreat eastward.Wang Jian took the opportunity to pursue, the morale of the Chu army was broken, and they were defeated. The commander-in-chief Xiang Yan died in battle, Yingdu was also captured, and the huge and prosperous Chu State perished. In the 22nd year, Wang Ben, the son of Wang Jian, was ordered to attack Wei. In 25 years, Wang Ben aggressively invaded Liaodong, captured King Xi of Yan, and Yan State officially perished. In the 26th year, Qin Wangzheng ordered Wang Ben's army stationed in Liaodong to attack Qi from the south of Yan State. Since King Ping of Zhou moved to the east, the world has been in chaos for more than four hundred years, and another new order has been born since then. This year, Qin Wangzheng was in his prime at the age of 39. After the unification of the six kingdoms, Qin Wangzheng changed his name to the emperor, and took himself as the first first emperor, hoping that the second and third generations would be passed on in order in the future, and history was called Qin Shihuang. 【Chen Wende Commentary】 Laozi's "Tao Te Ching Chapter 40": "The reverse is the movement of the Tao, and the weak is the use of the Tao. Everything in the world is born of being, and being is born of nothing." These 21 short words describe the phenomenon of the interaction and growth of various forces in the world. Similar to the German idealist master Hegel's "dialectical thinking method of pros and cons, Laozi's Tao also hides two levels of "opposites complement each other, and the cycle repeats". The universe is composed of various types of opposites and opposites. Opposite forms are actually complementary to each other.” "Everyone in the world knows that beauty is beautiful, but it is evil, and everyone knows that what is good is good, but it is not good." Beauty and ugliness, good and evil are actually relative and complement each other. If there is surplus, it will be new if it is empty.” This principle of mutual opposition and mutual complementarity is also repeated in cycles. For example, spring, summer, autumn, winter, yin, yang, cold, and heat are all seasonal norms that are interchangeable and naturally run; when applied to life, it is strong and weak. The avenue of seeing each other, good and bad, and changing the situation, is the truth that is said in the words "extremeness must be restored and "no extremeness will come"." Since everything is cyclical, the weak must be born into the strong, and the strong must become weak. Weakness is the foundation for the growth of the strong, and the strong will also become the starting point for the weakening.Therefore, Lao Tzu emphasizes "defending the weak", and the weak move in their ways. The reason why the weak can overcome the strong is that it is easier for the weak to "survive and show their weakness, making it easier to preserve their vitality. This is the so-called principle of "the weak are born, the old guards against the strong." With the development of time, the formerly weak will become strong, but after becoming strong, they may tend to become weak again. How to keep yourself from becoming weak is what Lao Tzu calls "keeping the weak". The key to keeping the weak, Laozi advocates humility, open-mindedness, and always trying to find out your own weaknesses, you can maintain the "turning strong" and not let the strong spirit show, but you can maintain the internal toughness for a long time. "Marketing War" Reiz, the author of the book, suggested to the strong companies in the market that they should constantly ask for trouble to find their own weaknesses or shortcomings, which is the most important magic weapon in the management of strong companies." The weakest thing in the sky is the wind, and it will turn when it encounters the obstruction of thin paper, and bend over even the smallest gap.But when the accumulated force becomes a hurricane, it pulls down trees and houses, and is invincible.It's just that once the hurricane makes landfall from the sea, it's time for it to weaken and disappear. The weakest thing on earth is water, and any slightest obstacle can change its direction and shape. In a circular container, the water is circular, and in a square container, the water becomes square again, which seems to be the least self-assertive Once the east and west pile up into a flood, no matter how huge the rock is, it will be difficult to stop it. However, it is difficult for ordinary weak people to understand this truth.Usually, very few people can hold back their weakness, but are eager to become strong, so that they often take risks and speculate randomly, which leads to the fate of early defeat. Some people can be persevering when they are weak, but once they have accumulated strength and achieved success, they are eager to show their momentum and ignore the crisis that the strong will turn weak, so that they cannot escape the fate of defeat. When the Zhou Dynasty was established, the fate of the Ying family fell into the most tragic dark age, but their descendants could work hard with perseverance, and the new base camp was located in a remote place, so they would not be involved in the struggle for power and profit among the countries in the Central Plains. In the confrontation between the North and the South between Jin and Chu, they are able to accumulate strength and eventually become the real big winner. Yiren and Lu Buwei's party were originally the weakest in the battle for the succession of the Qin royal family, especially Yiren was in the crisis-ridden capital of Zhao, but "the internal tension of being born in distress made them more necessary than others to seize power in order to seek power." Only by protecting ourselves can we turn defeat into victory at critical moments and become a big winner." Even Qin Shihuang himself had a very difficult environment in his early years, but these trials in his growth were also the biggest capital of his success. After Lu Buwei succeeded, he was extravagant and arrogant, which caused his death. On the contrary, after Qin Wangzheng won the power, he still suppressed his original ideas and adopted the suggestions of Li Si and Wei Liao to make his fortune grow further. Finally defeated the six countries and completed the great cause of unifying the world. It's just that greater success often hides greater crises, and Qin Shihuang himself must face a greater and more dangerous challenge.