Chapter 33 the beginning of a new life

The road of light spreads from one end of history. This season has given it the most exciting chromatogram, and every small place it has painted wantonly, the moss of the years will peel off one after another. Beiping - a city of embryonic turmoil. No one will doubt the existence of the germ, and no one will doubt the power of the germ. This germ, sprouted from a thousand-year-old lotus seed, unfolds its landscape on the bright, ethereal and fragrant. An unprecedented miracle also appeared in Lin Huiyin's life. In the wrestling with the god of death, she became the winner again. In 1949, she served as a first-level professor in the Department of Architecture in the new Tsinghua University, where she gave lectures on urban design.

The Department of Architecture of Tsinghua University is located on the second floor of the old Water Conservancy Building. There were only 20 people when it first opened, and now there are only 30 to 50 people.Since 1948, the Department of Architecture has set up a town group and opened a municipal design course, which can be said to be the earliest prototype of urban planning and design in China. Lin Huiyin's lecture on residential design focused on adapting to the needs of post-war recovery of urban construction. She talked about people's needs for sunshine, water, greenery, flowers, forest stones, and the emotions between people, people and buildings, and people and nature.From the spatial relationship of garden art, to the structural language of courtyard houses, from Su Shi's "Eastern wind curls up the Chongguang, the fragrant mist is empty and the moon turns to the corridor, and I am afraid that the flowers will fall asleep late at night, so I burn high candles to illuminate the red makeup", and talk about the style of folk houses. The role of fate, spiritual function and emotional color, and then from the development of Beijing city, to the basis of town planning, urban transportation, municipal engineering and urban green space.

After liberation, Liang Sicheng served as the deputy director of the Beijing Urban Planning Commission.He was entrusted by the leaders of the central government to be in charge of the planning of the Beijing urban area, and his work became busy accordingly.The war was over, and the people needed to heal the wounds of the war. The central leaders commissioned him to organize personnel to study the planning of Beijing City, and set up a research group. The Lin family's tea party had many new guests, most of them were for the urban planning of Beijing. Liang Sicheng transferred young architects from other places, including Chen Zhanxiang, Cheng Yingquan, Zhu Changzhong, Hu Yunjing, Wang Guoyu, Dai Nianci, etc.During these days, everyone got together every day, sometimes from the afternoon until late at night, and the most talked about was the planning of the new Beijing.

At that time, Liang Sicheng and Chen Zhanxiang had already come up with a planning plan for a new city in Beijing.They advocated moving the new urban area outside Fuxingmen, extending the west end of Chang'an Avenue to Gongzhufen, using the Sanli River in the western suburbs as the new administrative center, and organizing Diaoyutai and nearby lakes into new green spaces and parks.This plan was jointly written by Liang Sicheng and Chen Zhanxiang as an article "Suggestions for the Construction of the Capital", which was published by Liang Sicheng at his own expense and submitted to the central leadership comrades for review.

At the tea party, everyone also had a heated discussion on this plan.Lin Huiyin, as always, became the protagonist of the tea party. She talked about "multi-core concentric circle" cities, "potential belt" cities, "integrated" cities, "constellation urban agglomerations", as well as Le Corbusier and Nemea.She advocated that a city should be a beautiful whole, and the ideas expressed in its image language are very clear. Architecture is not just the beauty of form, but its ideological, ethical and emotional colors are important for artistic appreciation. It is an overwhelming spiritual force.This kind of spiritual power is no less than material function. It has an aggressive spirit and greater vitality.A great era has begun, and this era should have works that embody the spirit of the times.As the material object of people's life and activities, architecture should obviously change with the changes of society and people's life and activities.Architecture is an aesthetic object. With the advent of the new era, people's understanding of architectural art and aesthetic requirements will also change.

Lin Huiyin believed that many scenic spots and historic sites in Beijing, such as the Forbidden City, Temple of Heaven, Zhonghai, South China Sea, Beihai, Summer Palace, Yuquan Mountain, and the scenic spots and recuperation areas around Xishan, should be connected by some rivers and boulevards. To become a continuous park system, every street and every river in this city should be part of the park. When everyone talked about the ancient city wall in Beijing, many people in the society advocated tearing it down, but Lin Huiyin was not.She said: "Why don't we build roads and parks on the city walls? This protects the ancient buildings and makes use of the ancient buildings. Isn't this the best of both worlds? Beauty comes from social reality. Without beauty, social reality cannot develop harmoniously." , so it is the soul of social civilization. It educates people vividly and makes mankind progress."

When everyone was arguing very heatedly, there was a quiet girl who sat silently in the corner and listened carefully to everyone's argument.Lin Huiyin turned around and called her name: "Lin Zhu, come and talk about your views." Lin Zhu blushed a little, and said shyly, "I think what you said makes sense." Lin Huiyin said: "You can talk about your views boldly, don't you usually talk about it very well." This girl named Lin Zhu, originally from Minhou, Fujian Province, grew up in Yunnan. She finished middle school in Shanghai. In 1948, she and her elder brother came to Beiping to apply for the preparatory class of Tsinghua University. Three years later, she started working in Beijing. Liang Sicheng got married and became his right-hand man in life and career.

The rebirth of the Republic made Lin Huiyin feel like a spring breeze.She feels that there are many things waiting for her to do, the most important thing is to dedicate her knowledge and wisdom to the upcoming construction climax of New China.She always complained that the time was too short, she couldn't lie down on the hospital bed, and immediately collected relevant information. In the process of collecting materials, she accidentally discovered the book "Reconstruction of the Destroyed Areas of the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union" written by Professor N. Voronin of the Soviet Union, and she was ecstatic.She wants to translate this book with Liang Sicheng as soon as possible, which is exactly what China needs at present.

She wrote in the translator's experience: From this book, we are angry to see the German fascists' destruction of human nature in the People's Soviet Union several times, which is even worse than the Japanese atrocities in China. Once upon a time, German, Japanese and American fascist bandits and their gangs Brothers again carried out the same inhumane destruction and massacres in all the cities, villages and the peace-loving, heroic and unyielding Korean people in our country of brothers and sisters.What the people of the Soviet Union and China faced eight or nine years ago, or more than ten years ago, is exactly the same enemy as the people of the DPRK and China are facing today.Moreover, today's robbers have absorbed the experience of yesterday's robbers, and they are "green out of blue" and intensified.Comrade Kim Jong-hee, the North Korean architect in charge of redesigning Pyongyang, told us that Pyongyang has truly become "Pyongyang" today; rebuilding Pyongyang in the future will be as difficult as rebuilding Stalingrad.

When a whole region undergoes major changes in politics, economy, and geography due to the devastation of war, they plan to relocate entire villages and even towns, making this arrangement within the scope of regional urban and rural regulations more reasonable.After the entire city was looted, they rebuilt the entire city in a planned way, and corrected the shortcomings of the past during the construction.Not to mention individual buildings.All these plans not only divide and build roads on the plane, but also give the same careful consideration on the three-dimensional; not only about economy, production, and residence, but also about culture, entertainment and rest; not only about housing construction, streets, etc. Bridges and public facilities engineering, but also about the deployment of mountains, gardens, ponds, streams, trees, flowers and plants; not only blueprints and construction instructions, but also the production, distribution and transportation of materials, and the organization and distribution of manpower efforts in all aspects.This comprehensive planning and organization is the most important work during the preparation period.

"Reconstruction must take into account the national tradition, integrate it into the new plan; reconcile it with the emerging, modern standards required in all aspects of the building...". "The architect must take into account the historical and architectural traditions of the particular district, and preserve in his designs all that is reasonable and historically valuable. . . part" (Chapter II). "Plans must take into account both the habits of the inhabitants and the cultural and aesthetic requirements of the Soviet people... Architects are required to produce drawings of high artistic value, and the city as a whole must be in harmony with the local topography and landscape" (Chapter IV ).In the many examples cited by the author, we can see how the architects of the Soviet Union carefully developed from the original foundation when rebuilding a town, and at the same time, they had the foresight to correct the original irrational and wrong ones. "modernization". Our China is a country with a splendid cultural history of five thousand years.Almost any Chinese town has cultural relics hundreds or even thousands of years old.We have a great tradition of urban planning and architecture; except for a few large cities, all the towns and cities in the country are where more than 90 percent of the working people in the country are currently living and are continuing to build. It is in this great and fine tradition that towns and houses are built.But today's Chinese architects, without exception (translators included), are directly or indirectly learned from foreign countries.The older ones started by studying ancient Greece, Rome, and the Renaissance, and the younger generation studied the crystallization of the capitalist theory system, which is the so-called "functionalism" (mechanical materialism) of "modernization" or "internationalism" (cosmopolitanism). style) genre.We have been drunk for decades on these two toxins. The difficulty of translating this book is greater. It has been 7 years since this book was published in London, and they translated it from English. At the same time, Lin Huiyin's condition continued to worsen with the weather. When winter came, Tsinghua Park had no heating supply. The house they lived in was tall and large, with ventilation on all sides. Liang Sicheng had to find some kraft paper to paste the entire ceiling and walls. . In order to keep warm, there are two or three stoves burning in the house, and it takes a lot of physical strength and energy to serve these stoves.When the translation work was tense, Lin Huiyin often had to stay up late, and his body couldn't support it anymore.Therefore, the temperature is even more important for such a patient. Sometimes the stove is not well piped, and when it is about to go out, a battle of "rescue the fire" will be launched. His face was covered in ashes. When all the translation work is over, another new spring has begun.