Chapter 26 Lizhuang deep in the bamboo forest

The bamboo forest of the stick bird, the bamboo forest of the sun. Thousands of poles are repaired, surrounded by a bay of clear water. In the bamboo forest in November, the frosty leaves are already a vast color, and when the wind blows, the leaves are swaying and there is a sound of water.The sunlight crawls lazily on the joints of Mengzong bamboo, and the indigo bird's voice jumps from one bamboo tip to another. The small village deep in the bamboo forest is called Shangba. This village of dozens of families is only two miles away from Lizhuang Town, and it is under the jurisdiction of Nanxi County.

In the early winter of 1940, after the Southwest Team of the China Institute of Construction resumed work in Kunming, they also joined the Institute of History and Philology in order to facilitate the use of books and materials of the Institute of History and Philology of the Academia Sinica (at this time Liang Siyong was working in the Institute).Lin Huiyin's family and colleagues from the construction company took a truck, passed Qujing, Liupanshui, passed Xuyong and went straight to Luzhou, and set up camp in Shangba Village, Lizhuang Town, Nanxi County, 60 miles away from Yibin. Lin Huiyin's family rented two low shabby rooms. The walls were made of bamboo strips and covered with mud. The large gaps in the walls allowed you to climb into the bleak moonlight. Leaning out half of his body ferociously.Bedbugs swarmed on the bed, and the drinking water had to be picked from the pond at the edge of the village. At night, they could only rely on one or two vegetable oil lamps for lighting.

The living conditions here are very difficult. Even Lizhuang Town, which is two miles away, is only a town of ten thousand people. There is no food and vegetable supply. The living conditions are even worse than in Kunming.Lin Huiyin had to devote a lot of energy to housework, which was the most distressing thing for her. Whenever a long period of time passed in boring housework, she wanted to get angry for no reason.But she had to do housework again, so she wrote to Fei Weimei about her difficulties: Whenever I do some household chores, I always feel that it is a pity, that I am neglecting some more interesting and important people whom I have never met before.So, I quickly finished the work at hand in order to "talk" with them.I get irritable when there are endless chores and new ones are added one after another.So I've always had a hard time with housework, because my mind was always halfway there, and cursing the job I was doing along the way--and yet I loved doing it, and sometimes it was exceptionally good.On the other hand, whenever I'm seriously writing something or doing something of the sort, I'm not at all disturbed by the realization that I'm neglecting my chores.To be honest, I was quite happy, I felt that I was very sensible, that I was doing a more meaningful thing.I only get upset when the kids are sick or lose weight.Sometimes I ask myself in the middle of the night and feel that I have been unfair to them.

Lin Huiyin hoped that the ordinary life would be colorful. The two simple houses were always neatly tidied up. The windows were pasted with pink and white continuous history paper. The glass bottles on the window sills were often filled with flowers she picked from the fields. . The hut here has also attracted the folks of Shangba Village. Lin Huiyin has a hearty personality, and everyone likes to get in touch with her.Girls and young daughters-in-law are the ones who come the most, and they are always willing to talk to her about any private matters.When any girl gets married to do the dowry, she will come to her door to ask her for advice.When a daughter-in-law gives birth to a baby, she will never forget to send her a few red eggs to announce the good news.

Gradually, Lin Huiyin fell in love with this small village.She likes the bamboo forest outside the village, the ponds around the village, the orange trees on the hillside, and the fields with large golden rapeseed flowers. The days of living in the country always bring some unexpected joys to her. After settling down, Lin Huiyin, Liang Sicheng and others started intense inspection work again. Xingwen, not far from Nanxi County, has a concentrated area of ​​hanging coffins of Jianwu Bo people, so it became the first target of their investigation. They put the boat down from the Caoyun Dengjia River, and they could see the hanging coffins of the Bo people on the cliff of Sumawan.There are more than 50 hanging coffins at a height of more than 100 meters. They are shaped like a long box. There are two coffins side by side or two or three coffins overlapping. Strange mountains and strange rocks are in various poses and with different expressions.

The Bo people are an ancient nation who lived around the Spring and Autumn Period in southern Sichuan and eastern Yunnan centered on Bo Dao.Chubo is the name of an ancient county, the seat of the Han Dynasty, and it is located in Anbian Town, southwest of Yibin, Sichuan.The Bo people are a powerful nation, they had their own golden age and created their own splendid culture, but they seem to have mysteriously disappeared in a dream of history, and have disappeared without a trace since then, leaving only this cliff The hanging coffin on the cliff also hangs an eternal mystery on the cliff, allowing later generations to interpret and guess. Like the Mayans, they disappeared in their own splendor, as if they came from another planet.

Everyone was amazed. Mo Zongjiang said: "There was no hoisting equipment in ancient times. How did you get the coffin weighing several hundred catties up?" Chen Mingda said: "It may have been suspended from the top of the cliff with ropes." Liang Sicheng said: "That requires very rigorous geometric calculations, and how can a coffin weighing several hundred kilograms be brought to the top of the cliff?" Liu Dunzhen said: "I think we can use the method of connecting piles to pave the road, and use the plank road to send the coffin to the top of the cliff."

Chen Mingda said: "I think it's near the ground, a wooden ladder is built, and then the coffin is delivered to the ladder." Everyone held their own opinions, and the discussion was very heated. Liu Dunzhen said: "Let's listen to Huiyin's opinion." "I don't think about how the coffin was hung up." Lin Huiyin said, "This mystery can only be explained by the Bo people. What I see here is another world of early human culture and art. A powerful nation has disappeared. Except for the hanging coffin on the cliff, they did not leave any information about cultural and artistic images, and the obscurity of history shows its magical charm."

There were several mournful cries of apes in the distance. Lin Huiyin looked up at the cliff, her heart was deeply moved.That distant nation hangs the flag of death high here, letting his soul roar and fly, just like Jiang Tao hitting the sky and rocks, all the mysteries of life no longer need to be deciphered, time will eventually weather with the stones, life is going to eternity Only those who praise life will regard death as a celebration.They did not engrave prominent inscriptions, left no soul-stirring chant, and left no stories of broken halberds and heavy sands. These are nothing, as long as their souls are always attached to the cliffs of this homeland, as long as they are here to guard a country. A distant dream, that's enough.

This is what life is all about. They went upstream along the Minjiang River. The river in the gorge area was winding, the river was blue, and the scenery on both sides was beautiful. The majestic Chuanjiang chant stirred up waves all day long. "Hey Zuo, Hey Zuo", "Hey Zuo, Hey Zuo", the sound of the bronze chant echoed in all directions on the cliff.As the ships passed by, the sailors were all covered with bare heads and bare arms, exposing their dark backs. The boat passed Wuyou Mountain, which is the confluence of Moshui, Qingyi River and Minjiang River.During the Warring States period, Li Bing, governor of Shu County, king of Qin Zhao, controlled the water. He dug a channel between Lingyun Mountain and Wuyou Mountain to divide the water potential.Wuyou Mountain, also known as Tsing Yi Island, has a solitary peak and is surrounded by mountains and rivers.The poet Zhang Chuanshan once wrote a poem: "In the ancient Jiazhou on the west bank of Lingyun, the river gurgles around Guoliu. A bunch of green shadows can't go away. Push the boat to see Wuyou from three sides."

They went ashore at Mahao Bay, where there was a cliff tomb of the Eastern Han Dynasty, which was the target of their investigation.This cliff tomb has a distinct Eastern Han tomb style. The coffin chamber, coffin hall, and tomb passage are nearly 30 meters deep, the widest part is nearly 11 meters, and the highest point is 2.8 meters. The four Chinese characters "Deng Jingda Tomb" are engraved on the inner door frame , vigorous and unrestrained. Lin Huiyin was attracted by the relief pictures in the outer coffin hall, such as "Chariot Picture", "Horse Picture", "Feast Picture", "Jing Ke Assassinates the King of Qin" and so on.On the archway outside the entrance of the tomb, there is a relief Buddha statue, sitting in lotus, with a high meat bun, wearing a top light, with the right hand as a demon seal, the left hand on the knee, holding a lapel belt, and the body protruding from the forehead. Early Buddhist statuette model.Lin Huiyin and Mo Zongjiang carefully copied the image of the cliff tomb, Liang Sicheng was busy taking photos, and Chen Mingda was busy calculating the data. This is the first-hand material for their future writing of "History of Chinese Architecture". After that, they took Dazu to climb Gulonggang Mountain to inspect the cliff statues. Gulonggang Mountain is also known as Beishan Mountain. At the end of Tang Dynasty, the governor of Changzhou, Wei Jing, commander of Changzhou, Puzhou, Chongqing and Hezhou, built Yongchang Village here.Later, in the first year of Tang Jingfu, statues were made here, and it took more than 250 years to complete from the Five Dynasties to the Shaoxing period of the Southern Song Dynasty.The stone carvings are distributed in Fowan, Baita Temple, Yingpanpo, Guanyinpo, Fo'er Rock and so on.There are 264 caves in Fowan, the rock is 7 meters high and 500 meters long. The southern section is mostly carved in the late Tang and Five Dynasties, and the northern section is mostly carved in the Song Dynasty.What Lin Huiyin sighed most was the Panlong "Xin Shen Chariot" in the Shenche Grotto, with a Buddha on the front wall, Avalokitesvara Guanyin on the left and Doro on the right.On the left wall are Manjusri, Yuyin Guanyin and Ruyizhu Guanyin.On the right wall are Samantabhadra, Sun and Moon Avalokitesvara, and Avalokitesvara of Counting Beads.Lin Huiyin was fascinated by the symmetrical carvings, which were so strict and orderly, and integrated into one.The eight bodhisattva statues are plump, round, elegant and generous, which is really the essence of stone carvings. Looking at the Jingbian Niche again, the characters are vivid and lively, Qionglouyuyu, landscapes and trees, birds and animals are carved so meticulously and realistically.Lin Huiyin found the names of ancient craftsmen on the stone carvings. The cliff statues of Beishan opened their eyes, and Baodingshan attracted them with another kind of charm. Baoding Mountain is located 30 miles northeast of Dazu County. It is a famous mountain where faithful men and women worship and offer incense. It is known as "go up to Emei, and down to Baoding".This day happened to be the day of heading towards the mountain. The mountain road was crowded with groups of pilgrims, pious old ladies with small feet, leaning on crutches, struggling to climb the stone road, and there were also Mrs. Kuo and Miss Jiao who went up the mountain with sliding poles, and younger students who carried sliding poles. They are wearing green cloth Baotou, wearing panlong shirts, and wide-legged bloomers underneath. They are chic and neat. Bamboo sliding poles are trembling on their shoulders. The man in front sings: star in the sky, Knock off the four nails on the table. The person behind should: Four platforms and four horizontal lines, Four horizontal heads and four nails. The man in front sings: star in the sky, Knock off the four nails on the table. The person behind should: Four gate towers face the big house, Four countertops face the hall. The man in front sings: star in the sky, Knock off the four nails on the table. The person behind should: A big ship travels thousands of miles without feet, Beidou can also do the moon. The man in front sings: star in the sky, Knock off the four nails on the table. The person behind should: The seven stars originally accompanied the Big Dipper, Elder brother originally accompanied his sister. The skaters on the opposite hillside also sang enthusiastically: The sugarcane crosses the fence at twelve festivals, I don't know which section is real sugar. The sliders here should agree with: The sugarcane crosses the fence at twelve festivals, The center section is real sugar. The skater on the opposite side sang: Upstairs there are twelve Jiao'e, I don't know which one is true. Sliders here should: Upstairs there are twelve Jiao'e, The center one is a true double. Lin Huiyin listened fascinated.Liang Sicheng said: "When we were investigating in Mianyang, the antiphonal songs of the sliders were also very interesting. For example, if there is a pile of cow dung on the road, the people in front will sing "Kites Flying in the Sky", and the people behind will immediately answer, "There is a pile of cow dung on the ground, and the people behind will sing that there is a pile of cow dung on the ground." People who live there will know how to avoid cow dung carefully. If the stone slabs on the road move, the people in front will sing and sing live, and the people behind will respond, and don’t step on horns when you step on them. If a girl comes across, It just so happens that this girl has pockmarks on her face, so she sings at the front, and there is a branch of flowers on the left, and the ones behind are immediately connected, and only those with pockmarks can get home." Liu Dunzhen took it over and said: "If you are a powerful girl, you will immediately retort that she is your mother." Lin Huiyin couldn't straighten up from laughing.She said, "Old Liang, why don't you write these down for me, I can make a book of slide tunes." There are tens of thousands of cliff statues in Baoding Mountain, and the largest ones are Dafowan and Xiaofowan. Dafo Bay is a deep horseshoe-shaped mountain bay with a length of 500 meters and steep cliffs. The carvings are distributed on the east, south and north sides. There are more than 30 giant carvings. ", "Huayan Three Holy Statues", "Thousand-Handed Avalokitesvara", "Nine Dragons Bathing Prince", "Ten Kings of Ming Dynasty" and so on. Lin Huiyin said: "The statues here are different from those in Beishan. They are all very interesting Buddhist stories, and they have a touch of human fireworks." Liu Dunzhen said: "Most of the stone carvings here are the subjects of Tantric statues, reflecting the power of Tantric Buddhism and the scene that was once very prosperous in the late Tang Dynasty." On the west side of Shengshou Temple in Baoding Mountain, there is the famous Dabao Pavilion, with more than 600 existing statues, spread all over the four walls of the stone wall, and there is a small room in the middle, named Pilu Nunnery. The picture is majestic and majestic. The square stone tower in front has 3 floors and is engraved with 12 Tripitaka catalogs. In Nanyan of Dafo Bay, there is Baoding Yuanjue Cave, which is excavated for the whole stone. There are windows on the top of the cave for lighting. The sound of ding dong, harmonious and pleasant, further enhances the artistic realm, like poetry and dreams, adding a lot of natural interest to this solemn Buddhaland. There are 3 Buddha statues carved on the front wall of the cave, and 12 Yuanjue Bodhisattvas sitting on the lotus platform on the left and right walls. They are beautiful and solemn, with different postures.The walls are carved with towers, pavilions, figures, birds and animals, flowers and trees, secluded springs and strange rocks, which are similar to realistic works. Lin Huiyin copied it with forgetfulness. After everyone urged her again and again, she reluctantly left. On the way down the mountain, Lin Huiyin talked about the feelings of the investigation. What she saw here was a kind of epiphany and poetic artistic conception. The appeal is more of the humanistic spirit. Flowers are not flowers, and people can see their own lights in their hearts. .