Chapter 20 In the fourth quarter, going to the wild is the basis of promotion

The split between Ning and Han, Chiang Kai-shek is undoubtedly the "culprit", because it is dominated by one hand, the two sides are at war, and there is a tendency of close combat. Fortunately, the Beiyang warlords have not been eliminated. If the fire and the wall are combined, they are bound to perish together.As a result, the two sides were forced by the situation to make their own Northern Expeditions, sharing the same hatred with the enemy, and put the internal fighting on hold for the time being.The Ningfang Northern Expedition was divided into three groups by He Yingqin, Bai Chongxi, and Li Zongren and advanced towards Longhai Road in May 1927. They won consecutive battles and conquered Xuzhou on June 2.Around the same time, the division of the Wuhan Northern Expedition, commanded by Tang Shengzhi and Zhang Fakui, also arrived at the front line of Longhai and stationed in Zhengzhou.Feng Yuxiang captured Luoyang from Tongguan, forcing the Feng army to retreat northward, prompting Yan Xishan in Shanxi to respond.In this situation and situation, we could have worked together to attack Yanjing, but the pain of Ninghan splitting the "party" has not disappeared.

Wuhan initially united with the Communist Party due to Chiang’s anti-Communism. However, because the mass movement organized by the Communist Party was in full swing, conflicts of interest between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party were unavoidable. At this time, the Communist International passed the "Resolution on China Questions", emphasizing land The revolution wants to mobilize the CCP to carry out the agrarian revolution and prepare for the establishment of the red armed force.Roy, the representative of the Communist International, sent a copy of the resolution to Chairman Wang Jingwei. Wang felt that it violated the 1923 Sun Yue Declaration, and the Communist Party intended to replace it, so he decided to "split the Communist Party" and dismiss Borodin from his position. On June 6th, he led a delegation to the north and met with Feng Yuxiang in Zhengzhou. After discussing the "partition of the Communist Party" against Chiang Kai-shek, the team returned to Han, went south to defend against the Communist Party, and deployed the Eastern Expedition. It is necessary to sanction the Nanjing puppet government by force and condemn the traitor Chiang Kai-shek.

However, Chiang Kai-shek took the bottom line and met with Feng Yuxiang in Xuzhou on June 17. He had a feast and hospitality, became Jinlan, and offered a lot of lures. He called Feng Yuxiang at 10 am on June 21, "Please send troops to Wuhan. ", which was rejected by Feng. (See Volume 2 of "Feng Yuxiang's Diary", page 337) Feng advocated mediation between Ning and Han, and sent a telegram to Wuhan to promote the confluence of Ning and Han (see "Telegram to Wuhan Wang Tan and Others", June 21, 1927) , to complete the Northern Expedition.Feng Yuxiang's attitude at least did not help Wuhan's eastward expedition, and was more or less beneficial to Jiang. Jiang still wanted to return to the west to attack Wuhan, but he gave up because of Li Zongren's opposition and insisted on the Northern Expedition. (See "Li Zongren's Memoirs", p. 315) However, although Ning Fang did not attack westward, Han Fang still wanted to march eastward. Although the division was delayed, the elite had indeed moved downstream, so Chiang Kai-shek recalled Li and Bai Lunan's divisions.The Zhilu army took the opportunity to attack southward and captured the important town of Xuzhou on July 24. Nanjing was shaken. Chiang Kai-shek personally commanded and counterattacked Xuzhou.On the 25th, he made a special trip to the north, personally led the five armies and two divisions, together with Bai Chongxi's troops, fought against the Zhilu army between the Huaihe River and Xubeng. After the defeat, the enemy army took advantage of the victory and pursued them. They were defeated and lost, and they returned to Ning in a hurry on August 6th.With such a disastrous defeat, shame and indignation can be seen, not to mention that the oath is in the ear, it is really difficult to step down, and the former enemy commander-in-chief Wang Tianpei was shot dead to vent his anger and shame.

Chiang Kai-shek originally wanted to recapture Xuzhou in one fell swoop, annihilate the remnants of Sun Chuanfang, and then solve Wuhan.Unexpectedly, Xuzhou was not won, but it was defeated. Fortunately, Bai Chongxi's formation was well organized and his command was determined, so that the entire army could not be wiped out.However, the division of Wuhan's Eastern Expedition has already moved down the river, advancing step by step. It can be said that it is attacked by enemies from left and right, and attacked from inside and outside.As early as July 23, Wang Jingwei, chairman of the Wuhan government, publicly declared that Chiang Kai-shek "is the only enemy of the party-state, the only enemy of the National Revolutionary Army, and the only enemy of the Kuomintang"! , published in "Republic of China Daily") Wuhan had already been divided into the Communist Party, and Jiang was brought down not because of his anti-communism, but because of his violation of discipline.

When Chiang Kai-shek returned from Xuzhou's defeat, he told Li Zongren that his resignation was inevitable, and he entrusted him with military affairs, so his retirement was not sudden. The "Declaration of Resignation" was drafted by Chen Bulei, and it did not appear in the newspapers until after Jiang Lining on August 13. During the two months, preparations for his comeback and revision of the manuscript were still needed.Undoubtedly, this manifesto has been carefully packaged by Chen Bulei, and we must take it apart to see the truth.Chiang Kai-shek first said: Chung Cheng's lesson from Prime Minister Xun Mu is to use two meanings: 1. The party is above all else. Under the party's interests, individual party members have absolutely no room for being subjective, using emotions, and calculating interests.2. Recognize that defending the party base is the greatest duty of a party member.If there is any one who plays tricks on one's wits, professes others and violates them, usurps the foundation of our party, plagiarizes our party's principles, and makes our party exist in name but dies in reality, we will do our best to eradicate them ("President Chiang Kai-shek's Thoughts and Speeches Collection", Volume 30, page 52, see also "National News Weekly", Volume 4, Issue 33)

He must step down because since Nanchang, he has resisted the Party Central Committee and even set up the Central Committee with his personal "subjectivity", "feelings" and "interests".The Wuhan Central Committee called for "restoring the party's power", which was aimed at him.He originally wanted to use force to solve the Wuhan Party Central Committee, but he was defeated and faced enemies on both sides, so he had to retreat to relieve the difficulties. Instead, he used the excuse of "recognizing the party above everything else", obviously intending to confuse the public with "black and white talks".As for his provocative words in the manifesto to protect the party, since he repeatedly "eradicated" dissidents in the future, he equated his personal power base with "our party's foundation" and ordered party members to be personally loyal to him. Its machine.

In his "Resignation Declaration" released in Shanghai on August 14th, he also said: "Those who were forced to advance under the orders of the party in the past, if they now accept Zhongzheng and retreat, they can resolve disputes. Zhongzheng will always forget to go back to seclusion... Now that you have all the blame and evil in one body, you should impeach yourself and go back, remove your power, and thank the world." (Ibid., pp. 52, 57) This remark reveals a little secret, and it is no longer a hypothetical request for him retreat. After Jiang left the field, Li Zongren went to Lushan to meet with the Han Fang, and he realized that Tang Shengzhi wanted to send his troops to Wuhu. As Wu Zhihui said: "According to Tang Shengzhi's menacing momentum, we can't face the enemy on both sides. It's better for Mr. Jiang to take a rest for a while." (Li Yunhan's "Calmly to the Qing Party", p. 762) Because of Jiang's "rest", the Han side was willing to send Sun Ke and Tan Yan as representatives to return to Ning to negotiate peace with Li Zongren. It is imperative to step down.Therefore, Li also realized that Jiang Xiaye's move was brilliant, because he lost the excuse of Wuhan's Eastern Expedition (see "Li Zongren's Memoirs", pages 325 to 327), at least it can be used as a way to delay the army.Li Zongren also mentioned in his memoirs that Jiang deliberately spread rumors that the Gui family "forced the palace", and later, regardless of official history or unofficial history, most of them believed in the truth of the rumors.Li once asked Jiang to refute the rumors, but Jiang laughed and ignored it. Li suspected that Jiang would use this to attack the Guangxi faction. (See "Li Zongren's Memoirs", pp. 320-321) In fact, the rumor of "forced palace" is nothing more than trying to describe Jiang as a "victim" and confuse the real reason for his resignation.

Then Chiang Kai-shek said in the manifesto: Fortunately, thanks to the presence of the doctrine and the dedication of comrades, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, and Fujian were all restored within a few months. Unite internally, not be restrained, and achieve success with Ke Zuosi.He Tu included the communists of his own party. He followed Borodin's instructions to create all kinds of rumors and put forward slogans such as warlords and dictatorships, hoping to directly overthrow Zhongzheng and indirectly overthrow the national revolution.However, some comrades in our party and army were not aware of their treachery, and were deceived, thinking that Zhongzheng had a tendency to attempt warlords and personal dictatorship. ("Collection of President Chiang Kai-shek's Thoughts and Speeches) Volume Thirty, Page 53)

It can be seen from this that he wanted to rewrite history on the eve of his resignation.He said that "it is not the merit of daring to covet the heavens", and he actually attributed the military exploits of "Kezuo Siji" to himself.In fact, in the battle between Hunan and Hubei, the military exploits belonged to Li Zongren and Tang Shengzhi, and Bai Chongxi was the first to determine Jiangnan. Jiang only had the name of commander-in-chief and had no direct relationship. The two most disastrous defeats in the Northern Expedition.His resignation was due to the sequelae of the death of his teacher in Xuzhou, and he used "Kezuo Siji" to cover it up.At this time, Wuhan has been divided into the Communist Party, and he still uses anti-communism to divert the audience.He scolded Borodin, but if Bao hadn't helped Sun Yat-sen to reorganize, and if there hadn't been Russian aid, how could the Guangzhou revolutionary base be established?Where did the Northern Expedition begin?If it weren't for the CCP's massive mass movement, how could it respond everywhere and reach Beijing and Shanghai within a few months?In order to cover up the fact that "a rabbit is a dead dog", he actually bit the Communist Party, rationalized its purge, and confused "overthrowing Zhongzheng" with "overthrowing the National Revolution", and deliberately reversed the causal relationship of "overthrowing Zhongzheng".As for his "inclination to personal dictatorship", it was not obvious at the time, and it was confirmed by his later actions. It is not just a "inclination", but is increasingly seen in concrete actions.

He finally demanded that "Wuhan comrades join hands to move to Ning for a short period of time, and gather together in Nanjing, so as to carry out the great government of the party and the country" (ibid., p. 56). He had to admit that the Wuhan Central Committee was orthodox, moved from Han to Ning, and it was self-reliant. The Nanjing government was merged after it had to be abolished.After he issued this declaration, he resigned as Commander-in-Chief by telegram on August 19.But he did not really return to his hometown, but continued to instigate behind the scenes. Before he left Ning, he had arranged for Yao Cong's guards and Sun Xinghuan's military police to garrison Nanjing City, and secretly ordered He Yingqin to control his direct troops. His intention was to wait for an opportunity to revive Already very obvious.Since they want to make a comeback, the current situation can't be too corrupt, otherwise there will be no eggs under the overturned nest.Li Zongren finally won the battle of Qixia Longtan in late August and early September, defeating Sun Chuanfang's army who intended to cross to the south.But the battle of Longtan was narrowly won.If it fails, Nanjing will not defend, and the whole of Jiangnan will be difficult to protect, and the whole situation will be defeated.Li Zongren pointed out that at the critical moment, He Yingqin accidentally discovered that He Yingqin wanted to withdraw troops to preserve his strength, but fortunately he stopped in time. (See "Memoirs of Li Zongren", pages 335 to 336) If there is no Jiang Ming, how can this happen?But at the same time, Jiang Yiya didn't want the situation to be too stable, and let Wang Jingwei succeed in moving the capital and unifying the party power, otherwise it would kill the worth of the next one.In short, Chiang Kai-shek's wishful thinking is to use the golden cicada to get rid of his shell, and then see the opportunity to "Nezha makes trouble in the sea", stand out in the political tide, and create a situation where "there is no help for the world", so as to achieve the power of one person. Target.

After Chiang Kai-shek stepped down, Li Zongren sent a telegram to Wang Jingwei on August 16, 1927, requesting that the Central Government of Wuhan be moved to Nanjing as soon as possible. Wang declared at the 47th meeting of the Central Political Committee of the Kuomintang the next day: Moving the capital to Nanjing was a resolution decided by the central government in early April, not to mention that the Nanjing government has no one in charge now.According to the report received today, it is also said that the Nanjing government has ceased operations, and in fact it no longer exists, so we should decide how to go to Nanjing. (see speed record of the meeting) Then he called Li Zongren and decided to move to Ningxia.It can be seen from this that the two sides agreed to move the capital to Nanjing, indicating that the independent central government on the Nanjing side had been abolished, and that the Wuhan Central Committee was the only Kuomintang Central Committee.On September 5, Wang Nai led Gu Mengyu, Xu Qian, Chen Gongbo, Zhu Peide and other members of the Central Committee to arrive in Nanjing by ship.As soon as Wang arrived, he strongly stated that in order to cooperate between Ning and Han and unite the party, the Fourth Plenary Session of the Second Central Committee must be held to continue the Third Plenary Session held in Wuhan, and also to demonstrate the orthodoxy and legitimacy of the Wuhan Central Committee.But after Wang arrived, he discovered that members of the Ningfang Central Committee, such as Hu Hanmin, Wu Zhihui, Zhang Jingjiang, Cai Yuanpei, and Li Shizeng, had already fled to Shanghai.In order to show the spirit of cooperation, Wang sent Tan Yankai and Sun Ke to Shanghai for communication.But it was rejected by Hu et al.Wang Sui, Tan, Sun and Zhu Peide, Li Zongren, Li Liejun, Cheng Qian, Yu Youren and other important officials went to Shanghai to persuade him to drive.Unexpectedly, not only Hu Hanmin and others were unwilling to cooperate, but the extreme right Xishan Conference in Shanghai sent the old KMT to disrupt the situation.After Chiang Kai-shek slaughtered the CCP in Shanghai on April 12, he restored the party membership of Lin Sen, Zou Lu, Zhang Ji and other party members of the Xishan Conference, and secretly discussed the unification of party affairs.Therefore, Shanghai and Nanjing worked together to deliberately make a big fuss about the legal system and boycott the Fourth Plenary Session that Wang insisted on calling.For example, Zhang Jingjiang claimed that the Wuhan government was not an orthodox government, and that the Third Plenary Session held earlier was a meeting of the Communist Party of China, which was also illegal. Therefore, he was not qualified to convene the Fourth Central Committee at all, and advocated reconvening the Third Central Committee to link up the second session of the Second Central Committee .Regardless of the violation of the premise of the Ninghan-Han cooperation, if the alliance with the Communist Party is illegal, Sun Yat-sen's alliance with the Russian Communist Party should be denied immediately, and the stove must be restarted.Given the close relationship between Zhang and Jiang, it is clear that this outrageous and difficult language was ordered by Jiang.What's more noteworthy is that later, when Jiang succeeded in seizing power, he convened the Fourth Plenary Session, regardless of whether it was legal or not.It can also be seen that Zhang Zhi's purpose is to make trouble, so that the conversation cannot continue and communication cannot be communicated. All parties of the Kuomintang gathered again on September 11th. Wang Jingwei once again proposed the need to hold the Fourth Plenum of the Central Committee. However, Zhang Jingjiang, Cai Yuanpei, Li Shizeng and others opposed it. The Xishan Conference faction even made noise.Under such circumstances, Sun Ke, who was originally at the Central Committee of Wuhan, proposed a compromise solution. Shanghai, Nanjing, and Han would form a special committee of the Central Committee to temporarily exercise the authority of the Central Committee in order to prepare for the convening of the Three Congresses, which was approved by most people (see "KMT The original minutes of the first meeting of the Special Committee of the Central Committee), Wang had no choice but to acquiesce.Wang Zhi insisted on convening the Fourth Plenary Session of the Central Committee, and he had his own principled position. He said: "The defeat of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Central Committee and the establishment of the special committee are indeed the most painful things after the cooperation between Ning and Han, and the most painful thing for our party. It is a sad thing." (Wang Jingwei's "Letter from the General Branch of the Reconstruction") Li Yunhan used this to accuse "Wang Zhaoming of repeating" (see his book "Calmly to the Qing Party", page 772), which is totally unfair.Although the special committee was formally established in Nanjing on September 15th, and Wang was also elected as one of the Standing Committee members of the National Government, Wang Zhi retired due to his passivity.The so-called confluence has no real meaning at all, and it must be laughed at by Chiang Kai-shek, who lives in the Fenghua cemetery in the wild! After the Wuhan government moved to Ningxia, the two lakes were under the control of the military strongman Tang Shengzhi.Tang Yuan opposed the merger and wanted to go east to seize power. He had his own personal ambitions, so he encouraged Wang to set up a Wuhan political branch to fight against the special committee.Tang Geng publicly declared his opposition to the special committee, and Zhang Fakui of Guangzhou sent a telegram to support it, and the Kuomintang became a confrontation again.The Nanjing Special Committee then sent Sun Ke, Wu Chaoshu, Juzheng and others to meet Wang on Lushan Mountain, and agreed to hold the Fourth Plenary Session of the Second Central Committee in Nanjing on November 1, and obtained an agreement to restore the central government. Only this end.However, on October 20, the Nanjing Special Committee suddenly ordered a crusade against Tang Shengzhi, triggering a war, and the Fourth Plenary Session was aborted for some reason.Around this time, Chiang Kai-shek returned to Shanghai from Japan ahead of schedule and telegraphed Wang on November 10, agreeing to hold the Fourth Plenary Session of the Central Committee, and invited Wang to Shanghai to meet with businessmen and participate in the preparatory meeting.More than two months ago, when Jiang Chu left the field, he still refused to see Wang. In view of this kindness, Wang set off for Shanghai via Hong Kong on November 15th in Guangzhou with Li Jishen.Unexpectedly, there was another accident. On the night of the 16th, an incident occurred in Guangzhou. Zhang Fakui and Huang Qixiang used force to expel Huang Shaohong, who was acting as Li Jishen to preside over the Cantonese government.Therefore, when Wang arrived in Shanghai on the 18th, he was attacked by Li Zongren, Wu Zhihui, Cai Yuanpei, etc., which made it impossible for Wang to argue.Wu Zhihui even joined forces with Zhang Jingjiang and others to propose the impeachment of Wang Jingwei, Gu Mengyu, and Chen Gongbo on December 5.Wu Zhihui and Zhang Jingjiang are playing tricks again, can you not suspect the "black hands" behind the scenes?In this situation, Wang Nai followed suit and urged Chiang Kai-shek to reinstate himself and retire (see "Mr. Wang Jingwei's Recent Speeches", p. 179), hoping to slow down the attack.However, another Guangzhou riot broke out on December 11. The Communist Party rose up and organized a commune. Wu Zhihui and others took advantage of this to intensify their accusations against Wang Jingwei, falsely accusing him of "causing this great change."Although Wang argued, the Nanjing government still decided on the 16th to crusade against Zhang and Huang, and wanted to arrest Wang, Chen, and Gu.Now that the matter had developed to such a point, Wang Jingwei had no choice but to board the ship to France again that night with his secretary Zeng Zhongming, full of anger.We have to suspect that Chiang Kai-shek colluded with members of the special committee to lure Wang out of Guangdong, and when Wang arrived in Shanghai, he attacked with pretexts, spared no effort, and made him unable to gain a foothold and was expelled from the country.Wang Jingwei's departure from the country this time is "different" from the last time he went abroad due to the Zhongshan Ship Incident, but to Chiang Kai-shek, it is "the same work". After Wang left the country, the special committee ended on December 28th. In addition to ordering party departments at all levels to clean up the party and re-register party members (see "The Fourth Meeting of the Special Committee of the Kuomintang Central Committee Records, September 27, 1927, p. 6), it seems that it was set up especially because of difficulties with Wang.With the emptiness of the central government, the time is ripe for Chiang Kai-shek to come back.At the beginning of 1928, he was restored to the post of commander-in-chief of the National Revolutionary Army, and the Fourth Plenary Session of the Second Central Committee was held in Nanjing on February 2. What Wang insisted on but could not do, Jiang Yu succeeded in retreating and advancing, and seized the Supreme power of the Kuomintang.For a while, there was no shadow of Wang Jingwei, the shadow of the Communist Party, or the shadow of Tang Shengzhi.With the power almost monopolized, the Fourth Plenary Session of the Central Committee appointed him as a party member, organization minister, and chairman of the Military Commission of the Central Executive Committee. By sorting out party affairs cases in various places and reducing the power of factions, he has basically integrated party, government, and military power in one person.