Chapter 10 Section 6 The beauty of anti-Yuan plundering people

After the 26-year-old Chiang Kai-shek murdered Tao Chengzhang, he fled to Japan and started a magazine "Military Voice"... Chiang Kai-shek returned to China in less than a year in Japan. Although he avoided the limelight, it was still difficult for him to gain a foothold in Shanghai, so he returned to his hometown in Xikou and lived idle temporarily.However, the second anti-Yuan revolution soon occurred. Sun, Huang, Chen and other revolutionaries actively prepared for armed activities and no longer avoided being suspected of the Tao case. In July 1913, Chiang Kai-shek once again participated in the "revolutionary ", to help the eldest brother Chen Qimei against Yuan.However, the second revolution was not popular, and Chen and Jiang fought in Shanghai. Because the Yuan government was in a hurry to pursue them, they also fled to Japan one after another.Chiang arrived in Nagasaki on September 1st.

In Japan, Sun Yat-sen summoned party members in exile to reorganize the Chinese Revolutionary Party, and required those who joined the party to press their fingerprints, make an oath, and swear to obey Sun Yat-sen personally.Its purpose is obviously due to the lack of strict party discipline in the past, but this kind of personal allegiance and secret society style is difficult to be accepted by revolutionaries with a little self-respect and independent personality, so Huang Xing refused to join.But Chen Qimei had been Sun Yat-sen's best friend for a long time, so of course he readily joined.Because Chen Qimei tried his best to support Sun and attacked those who opposed Sun, he won Sun's heart and was naturally appointed as the Minister of General Affairs of the newly established Chinese Revolutionary Party.Chiang Kai-shek, on October 29, 1913, had Chen Qimei's sworn brother Zhang Renjie (Jing Jiang) as the oath supervisor, filled out the oath, and joined the Chinese Revolutionary Party.

At the most unlucky moment for Sun Yat-sen, when many old comrades begged to leave, Chiang Kai-shek met Sun Yat-sen alone for the first time. It was in October of the second year of the Republic of China (1913).The relationship between Jiang and Sun is due to Chen Qimei's subduing line.In the following year, Jiang was ordered by Sun and Chen to go on a mission, traveling from Shanghai to Harbin with great effort.Although Sun has long had an impression of Jiang, because he was the favorite general of his confidant Chen Qimei, the case of Jiang Jietao must have a deeper impression, but after all, after Jiang joined the Chinese Revolutionary Party, he and Sun first got in touch with each other directly.After Chen Qimei's death, Chiang Kai-shek said that Sun Yat-sen "expects me to inherit the career of a hero" (Chinese language in Jiang's "Memory to the Prime Minister" on March 30, 1925), which can tell the relationship between Sun, Chen, and Chiang.

After the founding of the Chinese Revolutionary Party, the main task was still to oppose Yuan. In the summer of 1914, Jiang arrived in Shanghai to engage in military operations to attack Shanghai.As for the theory that Chiang was betrayed by his comrade Wang Jinfa and luckily escaped, this is not true.However, there was a reason for the incident. Wang Jinfa tried to use Yuan Shikai's surrender order to obtain the consent of Xie Feilin and Chen Qimei, and went to Beijing to pretend to surrender. Dabei, Chiang Kai-shek, Xia Zhilin, Xia Eryu, Lu Huisheng, Yao Yongchen and others redeemed themselves."Therefore, Wang Jinfa returned to Shanghai after only staying in Beijing for a week, and continued to communicate with the revolutionaries. These facts can be fully verified in Yuan Shikai's telegram to kill Wang Jinfa.The telegram said: "In the winter of last year, in order to eliminate the chaos, we were temporarily exempted from arrest, and sent personnel to Shanghai to monitor, but it was delayed for several months, and no bandit was caught yet. Instead, we will communicate with the rebellious party at any time. Lu Huisheng and others returned to Shanghai from day one and hid in his home; Yao Yongchen, the assassin who was arrested several times, also got together day and night; Chen Qimei often corresponded and discussed chaos." From this we can see that Wang Jinfa did not betray his comrades, nor did he betray the revolution . (See Zhang Nianchi's "Chiang Kai-shek's Early Years and Wang Jinfa") However, Furuya Kuiji's "Secret Records of President Chiang" still spread rumors, saying that Yuan Shikai "bought Wang Jinfa who knew the inside information of the revolutionary army".If Wang Jinfa was really bought, I am afraid that Chiang Kai-shek would not be able to escape.

After the failure of this military operation, Chiang Kai-shek was summoned by Chen Qimei to go to Japan again. At that time, it was heard that there was an army in the Northeast that was inclined to revolution, so Chiang Kai-shek was sent to the Northeast from Japan, but he spent two months in Changchun and Harbin without success. , nothing to do.It was not until the autumn of 1915 that Chen Qimei was appointed by Sun Yat-sen as the commander-in-chief of Songhu, and then engaged in anti-Yuan military operations, and Chiang Kai-shek was called to Shanghai to help.This time, the so-called "Zhaohe Uprising" was the most popular among the Kuomintang.

In the history textbook of Taiwan National High School, there is such a passage: After Yuan Shikai accepted the imperial system in the fourth year of the Republic of China, the father of the country ordered Chen Qimei to instigate the Zhaohe warship uprising in Shanghai to challenge Yuan. Although it failed unfortunately, it did arouse the revolutionary spirit. Immediately behind is the Yunnan Uprising.In terms of connection, it seems that the Yunnan Uprising was "awakened" by the Zhaohe Uprising, and Xiong Shiyi's English Jiang Chuan also said the same, but both the Zhaohe Uprising and the Yunnan Uprising happened in December 1915. When Cai Eqian, the leader of the Yunnan Uprising, left Beijing in November, the Zhaohe Uprising had not yet been decided! Because according to Chiang Kai-shek’s 1916 article "Mr. : The original date of the Zhaohe uprising was "an incident at the end of the year". Because I suddenly heard that the Zhaohe warship was going to leave Guangdong on December 13, the incident was held on the fifth day in advance.Otherwise, since it would be a "year-end incident", the date would of course be after the Yunnan Uprising on December 25, so how could we "wake up" the Yunnan Uprising?

In terms of the historical positioning of the Zhaohe Uprising, the Kuomintang has obviously led to two mistakes: first, its history has been magnified to the extent of "awakening" the Yunnan Uprising. In fact, its status is not so proportional The history textbook of the senior high school is slightly better than that of the national middle school. It says: "On December 5th of the fourth year, Chen Qimei raised a righteous cause in Shanghai. And rise up." Not mentioning the name of the Zhaohe uprising at all, and putting this matter under the item of "National Defense Army Uprising" in Yunnan, in proportion, it is less misleading).Second, its characters are also magnified to the point where the first and second are reversed. In fact, the status of some people is not so great in proportion.

For example, in the "Collection of Images and Ink Stains of the Father of the Nation" published by the Kuomintang, in the caption of the picture, next to "Jiang Gong Zhongzheng in the Yuan Dynasty", there is "Wu Zhongxin who followed Jiang Gong in Shanghai and fought side by side". Wu Zhongxin's word is Liqing, which is A native of Hefei, Anhui.Born in 1884, at the age of seventeen, he entered the Jiangnan Armed Forces School.After graduating at the age of 22 (1905), he became an officer at the level of Guandai (battalion commander).At the age of 23 (1906), introduced by Yang Zhuolin, he secretly joined the Tongmenghui; engaged in revolution.In the second year (1907), Yang Zhuolin failed to assassinate Duan Fang, the governor of Liangjiang in the Qing Dynasty, and was killed. Wu Zhongxin's plot became more urgent and Duan Fang suspected him. Law enforcement officer.During the Wuchang Uprising in 1911, Wu Zhongxin participated in the recovery of Nanjing and served as the chief law enforcement officer of the general headquarters and the director of the military station.In 1912, Sun Wen served as the interim president, and Wu Zhong trusted the capital police chief.After the failure of the Second Revolution, he fled to Japan.On December 5, 1915, he participated in the Zhaohe Uprising.From 19-7 to 1918, when Chen Jiongming was the commander of the First Army and Xu Chongzhi was the commander of the Second Army, Wu Zhong trusted the commander of the Seventh Detachment and the director of Tingzhou Appeasement. Chiang Kai-shek was the commander of the Second Detachment at that time official.Judging from these records of Wu Zhongxin, his early years were obviously superior to that of Chiang Kai-shek. Wu Zhongxin had all the deeds of Chiang Kai-shek participating in the Zhaohe uprising, and Wu Zhongxin had been the police chief of the capital as early as the first year of the Republic of China. Its long history of revolution is even more impressive.Zhaohe Uprising, according to Shao Yuanchong's "Records of the Battle of Zhaohe", the commander-in-chief was Chen Yingshi, the chief of staff was Wu Zhongxin, and Wu Zhongxin was above Chiang Kai-shek.This can still be confirmed from the ranking in the joint letter by Yang Shukan and others in 1916.Now the Kuomintang rewrites history and has become a boss who "follows" his subordinates. (Refer to Shao Yuanchong's "Journey of Chen Gongying, Governor of the Shanghai Army" and Shao Yuanchong's "Records of the Battle of Zhaohe")

What is more noteworthy is that in the "War Launch and Attack Plan" mentioned by Shao Yuanchong, in the list of persons in charge of the Eleven Banks, the names mentioned are Chen Yingshi, Wu Zhongxin, Huang Mingqiu, Yang Hu, Sun Xiangfu, and Xia Eryu , Bo Ziming, Kan Jun, Shen Xiamin, Zhu Xia, Tan Bin, Lu Xuewen, Jiang Huiqing, Cao Shushi, Yang Jingbo, Yu Jianguang, Yang Lunbai, Zhou Danyou, and Shao Yuanchong, but Chiang Kai-shek was the only one. In fact, the importance of Chiang Kai-shek is only "instigating" and proposing plans.However, a closer look at the original text of the plan he drew up revealed that the implementation of the Zhaohe Uprising was completely different from the plan.There is clearly such a conclusion in the plan:

Yesterday's plan to use the Navy as a base, after careful consideration, was not a complete strategy.In the future, the navy will be under martial law, and the enemy will pay more attention to guarding against the navy than before, which is nothing more than several times.Moreover, Huangpu is under martial law, and it is extremely difficult to move across the strait; what's more, the movement of water police cannot be effective in a few days.If our army devotes all its strength to the navy, it will be very difficult and the effect will not be easy.For the current plan, it is better to abandon this and plan elsewhere, or not to emphasize the navy and pay equal attention to the army, or to plan the army first and follow the navy.Each plan is hereby described as follows:

The navy can't defend the manufacturing bureau, but the momentum of the strong manufacturing bureau, and the land artillery and defense pavilions it holds.What our army lacks is the artillery team.Since there is no artillery, it is impossible to destroy its defense pavilions, that is to say, it is impossible to capture the fortress of its manufacturing bureau.If there is a fort as the basis, then there is no reason to make a mess, and the navy also strengthens its prestige.However, there are not many field artillery in the artillery battalion near the manufacturing bureau, and the enemy's defenses are serious, and the terrain is surrounded by the enemy. and also.It is contemptuous to think that occupying two-thirds of the artillery teams near Shanghai, that is, occupying two places where the artillery teams are stationed, will be able to run amok in Songhu even without subsidies from the navy... But in fact?The Zhaohe uprising obviously started with the navy first.It can be seen that the statement in "President Chiang's Secret Records" that "the plan was adopted by Chen Qimei. The one-page historical site later called the 'Zhaohe Uprising' was carried out according to this plan" is completely groundless.Shao Yuanchong's "Records of the Battle of Zhaohe" mentioned "the truth and failure of the battle", and mentioned Chiang Kai-shek twice, but they both ranked after Wu Zhongxin and Yang Cangbai, and did not mention at all that the Zhaohe uprising was carried out according to Chiang Kai-shek's plan. Shao Yuanchong also revealed that the real hero of the Zhaohe Uprising was Yang Hu.He said that Yang Hu was the one who really went to the front line and captured the Zhaohe warship.In the end, due to other reasons, he could not cooperate, "Yang Jun knew that he had nothing to do, so he had to disguise himself and swim away." After the Zhaohe Uprising, Yang Hu joined the army as the base camp under Sun Yat-sen in 1918, and later served as the commander-in-chief of the Hubei Army. commander.In 1922, he served as the Presidential Palace of Sun Yat-sen and joined the army.This year, Chen Jiongming bombarded the presidential palace, Sun Yat-sen fled to the warship, and Yang Hu was always his guardian.Sun Yat-sen transferred from the Chuyu ship to the Yongfeng ship on June 23, and Chiang Kai-shek did not arrive until the 29th. Yang Hu was out of the game in the ruthless political arena, so he was also out of the game in history. It is really inexplicable, and he must return to his original position in history.The truth of the Zhaohe Uprising is: Yang Hu is the protagonist, and Chiang Kai-shek is only a supporting role. In April 1916, Chiang Kai-shek assisted Yang Hu in attacking the Jiangyin fortress. The fourth volume of "President Chiang's Secret Records" has a section "The President Leads the Attack on Jiangyin Fortress", which writes that "the Chinese Revolutionary Party with Jiangsu Province as the focus of its activities, under the command of Chen Qimei, is striving for an opportunity to launch an attack." "The first target is the 'Jiangyin Fortress' about 130 kilometers northwest of Shanghai. Jiangyin is located in a geographical location where the Yangtze River flows east into the sea and the river is steeply wide: to seize the fortress that stands there is a Strategies that strangled Yuan Shikai's naval activities." The "Secret Records" quote is based on Chiang Kai-shek's speech to the students of the second phase of the Lushan Officer Training Camp on August 27, 1933-"The Essential Elements of a Revolutionary Officer", It said that in the battle to capture the Jiangyin fortress, at the end of the attack, the comrades "all fled away, leaving me alone on the Jiangyin fort." This statement is similar to Mao Sicheng's book "Mr. The record in the book is inconsistent, and it is also different from what Yang Hu described in his article "Records of the Zhaohe Warship Uprising".Yang Hu made it clear that he left Jiangyin Fortress together with Chiang Kai-shek, and saved Chiang Kai-shek's life before leaving.At the end of Yang Hu's article, Yin Yin said that people should be "loyalty and enthusiasm" and "rather a little emphasis on affection" as their promises, which seems to have a deep meaning.He said that after the success of the Revolutionary Party, "the speculators tried their best to join in", obviously out of emotion.