Chapter 117 love Beijing

Soviet experts came to Beijing. The leader of the Soviet expert group came to the Department of Architecture and Architecture of Tsinghua University for the first time and gave Liang Sicheng a set of teaching plans and syllabus for the Department of Architecture of Moscow University.Liang Sicheng could barely understand his guttural pronunciation, and they could talk and communicate in English.Experts say that the core of Soviet architectural theory is Comrade Stalin's "National Form, Socialist Content".When it comes to the architecture of New China, experts emphasize that it must reflect the national form of China.This is in line with Liang Sicheng's idea of ​​respecting tradition and paying attention to the physical environment of buildings. Of course Sicheng was happy to hear this, and the experts were also very happy.It was not until he shook hands and said goodbye that Sicheng realized that the leader of the expert team was not an expert in architecture.

Then, Academician Ashepkov of the Soviet Academy of Architectural Sciences went to Tsinghua University to give lectures.At that time, Liang Sicheng and Lin Huiyin undertook the architectural design task of the Monument to the People's Heroes, and often had to go to the city for meetings, but they still tried their best to attend the lectures of Academician Ashepkov. Huiyin and Sicheng were puzzled by many problems. First of all, the teaching plan and syllabus of the Department of Architecture of Moscow State University follow the teaching model of the Academy of Fine Arts in Paris, and are almost identical to the curriculum and teaching content of Liang Sicheng and Lin Huiyin when they studied in the Department of Architecture of the University of Pennsylvania in the 1920s. They were surprised.The teaching plan of the Department of Architecture of Tsinghua University is based on the latest achievements of international architecture and architectural education theory that Liang Sicheng studied in the United States in the 1940s.Today, everything in the Soviet Union is regarded as socialist and advanced.Under the situation of learning everything from "Big Brother", the teaching plan and syllabus of the Department of Architecture and Construction of Tsinghua University have made major adjustments.

Huiyin and Sicheng love Beijing deeply. They don't love a certain hall, first floor, or tower in Beijing, but all of Beijing.They love the magnificent palaces in Beijing, the majestic city walls and gates, the peaceful and quiet courtyards in Beijing, and the open and mellow skyline of Beijing's architectural complexes.How to keep Beijing's inherent style from being lost, and also undertake the mission of the capital of the new China?After Huiyin and Sicheng were appointed as members and deputy directors of the Beijing Urban Planning Commission, they devoted themselves to this. They think that the land is privately owned in the country, and urban construction can only follow the will of property owners and real estate developers.However, construction activities in socialist countries can be planned in a unified and rational way.In order to fully state their vision for the overall planning of Beijing's urban construction to the Party Central Committee, the State Council, and the Beijing Municipal Committee, Liang Sicheng and Nanjing architect Chen Zhanxiang jointly drafted the "Proposal on the Location of the Central People's Government's Administrative Center" (later known as as the "Liang Chen Plan").

The core of the plan is to suggest that the central administrative center be located to the west of Yuetan and east of Gongzhufen, so as to fully preserve the ancient buildings in the old city of Beijing. They proposed to choose a moderate location to the east of Gongzhufen and west of Yuetan in the southwestern suburb of the old city, and develop it as the central area of ​​the capital.The southwest of this area is connected to the existing foundation of the new urban area, and the residences of administrative personnel at all levels will be built; the southeast is connected to the cultural scenic area, museum area, Tiananmen celebration center, commercial area and municipal government of the old city by four east-west arterial roads.The new administrative center develops from north to south, forming a new north-south central axis, and to the south is the future railway terminal.

The plan considers that Beijing is a famous historical city, and many ancient buildings have become monumental cultural relics. Not only are they beautiful in shape, but also their orderly layout and the entire cultural relic environment form the magnificent characteristics of the city.The architectural complexes in Beijing should not be demolished at will or destroyed with uncoordinated architectural forms.