Chapter 43 "Don't want to defend imperialism"?

The 22nd issue of "Efforts" weekly published the article "International China" written by Hu Shi. ① He himself said: "We don't want to defend foreign 'capitalist imperialists'", but he came to sing a counterplay because he really couldn't see the "nonsense theory of the international situation" of the Chinese Communist Party. It turned out that in July 1922, the Communist Party of China held the Second National Congress in Shanghai.The declaration of the Congress analyzed the social, political and economic situation in China since the international imperialists invaded China in 1840, and pointed out that "China has in fact become their common colony"; Analyzing the Chinese warlord wars under the control of the imperialist powers, it is concluded that:

If the oppression of the great powers and the influence of the warlords are not eliminated, it will be extremely difficult for China to achieve reunification, and the civil strife will continue!... The real unified nationalist country and domestic peace must be overthrown by the warlords and the oppression of international imperialism. The build was unsuccessful. ② Therefore, the manifesto put forward the battle cry of "Down with imperialism" and "Down with warlords".Of course, some mistakes in the analysis are inevitable in some places, and some specific conclusions are inevitably naive; but in general, it is in line with China's national conditions.Moreover, these views have almost become common sense in modern Chinese history.

Hu Shi has his own opinion.He believes that the unification of China, and the solution of all problems, must start from within the country, and he hopes that the people of the country will reflect and realize it. He does not approve of it but blames others and "puts all the crimes on the foreign devils."He also agreed with "resisting the aggression of international imperialism" and believed that it should be included in the democratic revolution. "After the democratic revolution is successful, politics is on the track, and a large part of the aggression of international imperialism can be lifted naturally." , so "political transformation is a prerequisite for resisting imperial aggression."Therefore, disregarding common sense, he ridiculed the CCP's statement as "very naive and very strange", "very much like a countryman talking about overseas anecdotes, almost without factual basis", thus slandering it as "nonsense international situation theory". ".Although Hu Shi also admitted that ten years ago, "the big powers naturally wanted to take the first way to China (according to: conquering and ruling China), so there were proposals to divide the spheres of influence and carve up the map."But what about ten years later? In Hu Shi's eyes, imperialism seemed wonderful.

We need to know: the hope of foreign investors for China's peace and reunification is no less than the hope of Chinese people for peace and reunification. ...Besides, most of the investors' psychology is to hope that the country where the investment is located enjoys peace and unity. ... To be honest, China is no longer in great danger of international aggression. ...so we can now avoid even the nightmare of international aggression.The most important thing is to work together to put our country on the political track. These words are emphasized and circled densely in Hu Shi's article, which shows that they are very important.But he probably felt that it was a bit too explicit, and in order to avoid suspicion, he made a special statement: He "does not want to defend foreign capitalist imperialists."

Not long after the "Second National Congress" of the Communist Party of China closed, its first official publication, "Guidance" weekly, was launched in Shanghai. ③The "Manifesto of Our Newspaper" was published in the first issue, which further exposed various criminal facts of international imperialist aggression against China, listing seven aspects: 1. The Beijing Dongjiaominxiang Mission is simply the supreme government of China; 2. Most of the financial power of the central government is not in the hands of the Chief Financial Officer, but in the hands of the General Taxation Department of the Keqing;

3. Consular jurisdiction and garrison troops run rampant in the capital and major treaty ports; 4. Foreign currencies circulate throughout the country; 5. Customs, postal services and most of the railway management rights are in the hands of outsiders; 6. Bank syndicates and various entrepreneurs will collude with domestic traitorous parties and absorb as much of China's economic life as possible, such as railways, mines and the cheapest industrial raw materials; 7. Utilize the agreement tariff system that deceives the Chinese, restrain China's manufacturing industry from competing with cheap foreign products, make foreign products monopolize the Chinese market, destroy China's handicraft industry day by day, make China a consumer country forever, and make their entrepreneurs try their best Absorb China's cash and raw materials to satisfy their endless desire for plunder.

These seven items are all concrete facts that can be seen by all, and it is natural for Hu Shi to deny them; but he said that these "are all closely related to domestic political issues", no wonder imperialism, only China's own politics is not on the right track.He even defended one by one, describing the many crimes of imperialist aggression against China as good things.He said: In times of political turmoil, when the whole country falls into anarchy, or when the political power is in the hands of warriors and treacherous people, the people only think that the concession and Dongjiaomin Lane are blessed places, foreign currency is money that cannot be exchanged for gold, the general tax department is a god, and the customs and postal rights are outside. It is a blessing for China in the hands of people! As for the tariff system, countless merchants and ordinary people in the country are trapped under the abominable lijin system. Seeing that the cost of a Jiangxi porcelain bowl to Beijing has to be ten times or twenty times that of Europe. Porcelain bowls from Japan; the object of their complaints is naturally not some international imperialism but those card players.

This is simply writing aggression as friendship, and dressing robbers as saviors! In the end, Hu Shi actually persuaded others, "There is no need to get involved in the issue of international imperialism at this time"! After reading these, how can people believe that he is not Are you defending imperialism? Hu Shi told others not to get involved in the issue of imperialism, but imperialism always wants to "involve" the Chinese. In 1925, the British and Japanese imperialists shot and killed Chinese people in Shanghai, creating the May 30th tragedy that shocked China and the world.Massacres of the Chinese people by the imperialists also took place in Guangzhou, Nanjing, Hankou, and Qingdao.The bloody massacre aroused a great revolutionary storm of the Chinese people against imperialism.Even some of Hu Shi's friends were outraged. Zhu Jingnong said:

The above incident is extremely hateful, the British people shoot people at will every day, it is cruel and inhumane, in the eyes of the younger generation, the life of the Chinese is not worth a penny.Hateful to the extreme. ④ Driven by the national anti-imperialist fury, Hu Shi also felt that the stimulation was too strong and he could not restrain his sense of responsibility to the country. Therefore, he and Luo Wenqian jointly signed a letter to the Beiyang government, proposing punishment, compensation, apology, the abolition of the joint trial office and the revision of "80 "All treaties in the past few years" and other negotiation conditions to eliminate "hidden dangers in the future" and "absolutely avoid future conflicts", which shows his positive request to oppose foreign aggression and abolish unequal treaties. ⑤However, Hu Shi only placed his hopes on the negotiations and negotiations between the warlord government and the imperialists, but he did not support the patriotic and anti-imperialist movement of the masses, especially the students who went on strike to participate in the struggle.He wrote an article "Patriotic Movement and Studying" specifically for this purpose, in which he said:

The turmoil of the country and the stimulation of the outside world should only increase your enthusiasm and interest in studying, and should not lure you to follow everyone.Crying will not save the country.Even if shouting is a part of the national salvation movement, you must not forget that your career is ten or a hundred times more important than shouting.Your business is to make yourself a talented person with vision and ability. ⑥ In September of this year, Hu Shi went to Wuchang University to give a lecture, and openly asked the students to "study behind closed doors and ignore their business".Immediately he was questioned by the teachers and students of Wuchang University, and he was denounced as a "foreign imperialist propagandist". ⑦Although the words were harsh, there was a reason for the incident, so how can we blame others?

① "International China", written on September 27 and 28, 1922, published in the 22nd issue of "Efforts" weekly report; later included in "Hu Shi Wencun Two Collections", Shanghai Yadong Library, March 6, 1929, volume Three, pp. 128a~128i.In 1953, Taipei Far East Book Company rearranged the edition, and Hu Shi himself edited it, and the full text of "International China" was deleted. ② "Manifesto of the Second National Congress of the Communist Party of China", consisting of three parts: 1. China under the domination of international imperialism; 2. China's political and economic status quo and the oppressed toiling masses; . ③ "Guide" weekly newspaper, founded in Shanghai on September 13, 1922, moved to Wuhan later, and ceased publication on July 18, 1927, with a total of 201 issues. ④ Zhu Jingnong wrote a letter to Hu Shi on June 12, 1925, see "Selected Letters from Hu Shi", Beijing Zhonghua Book Company, May 1979 edition, Volume 1, p. 334. ⑤ Refer to the letter Hu Shi, Luo Wenqian jointly wrote to Shen Ruilin, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Beiyang Government on June 21, 1925, see "Hu Shi's Correspondence and Correspondence", Volume 1, pp. 335-336. ⑥ "Patriotic Movement and Studying", originally published in "Modern Review", Volume 2, Issue 39, published on September 5, 1925; It was later included in "Three Collections of Hu Shi's Essays", Shanghai Yadong Library, June 1931, Edition 3, Volume 9, p. 1151. ⑦Refer to Li Yidong’s letter to Hu Shi on September 29, 1925, see Selected Letters from Hu Shi, Volume 1, pp. 345-347.