Chapter 37 Create a "New Red School"

The textual research of Hu Shi's novels has made the most efforts, the most outstanding achievements, and the greatest influence. ①He created a "New Red School" school based on textual research. original name.Since the publication of manuscripts in the middle of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty (1760s), there have been comments and criticisms from "Zhiyanzhai" ② at the same time as Cao Xueqin. Textual research led to the formation of a special so-called "Redology", which was later called "Old Redology" to distinguish it from the "New Redology" of Hu Shi's school.Some of this kind of old red studies preserved some important materials or clues about the author Cao Xueqin and his creation, and some contained insightful comments and appreciations; but most of them were subjective conjectures and attachments.For example, the Suoyin school, which had a great influence in the old Hongxue, explored who and what was "hidden" by means of penetrating attachments and tedious textual research: some said it was about the story of Emperor Shizu and Concubine Dong E of the Qing Dynasty; Lan Chengde's family affairs; some said it was "a political novel of the Kangxi Dynasty".Although there are different specific versions, they all fall into the maze of subjective idealism.Let’s take Mr. Cai Yuanpei’s ③ as an example, and he said at the beginning of the book:

The author, Qing Kangxi Dynasty political novels also.The author is very nationalistic.The ability in the book lies in the death of the clarification and the loss of the clarification.But especially those who are famous scholars of the Han nationality who are in the Qing Dynasty, they express regret. Therefore, based on this assumption, he compared and extended, thinking that "red" shadows "Zhu" surname, "stone" refers to Jinling, "Jia" denounces the false dynasty, and "Jinling Twelve Hairpins" refers to a famous scholar in the south of the Yangtze River: Lin Daiyu Zhu Yizun, because the "Zhu" and "Zhu" of Crimson Pearl Fairy are homophonic, the Xiaoxiang Pavilion where Daiyu lives is compared with Zhu Yizun's name "Zhu"; Wang Xifeng shadows Yu Guozhu, because "Wang" is the province of "zhu", "" The word is commonly used as "country", so Xifeng's husband called it "Lian", which means that the two "king" characters are connected together; "The borrowed sound of the word "Ling";...and so on.Mr. Cai said that he used the "Three Methods of Deduction" and was "extremely prudent, unlike those who randomly attached." ④In fact, it is exactly as Hu Shi said that it is guessing stupid riddles, but it is just very serious guessing stupid riddles, very serious tedious research and attachment.

Hu Shi’s textual research first challenged the old Hongxue, pointing out that they all took the wrong path: Instead of searching for materials such as authors, eras, editions, etc. that can be verified, they collect many irrelevant fragments of historical events to attach to the plot in the chapter.What they did not do textual research, in fact, only did a lot of conjectures! ⑤ To really understand, you must first break this "far-fetched mysteries"! And the first person to break this kind of mysteries is Hu Shi. He started by investigating the author's life experience.Everyone knows that the author is Cao Xueqin, but Cao Xueqin's life and family background are not very clear to everyone.From Yuan Mei's "Suiyuan Shihua", Xueqin has been mistakenly identified as Cao Yin's son. ⑥ Hu Shi spent a lot of effort on this.

In March 1921, when he wrote the first draft of "A Textual Research on a Dream of Red Mansions", he knew very little about Cao's family background.He also believed Yuan Mei's words and regarded Cao Yin as Cao Xueqin's father. In April, with the help of his students Gu Jiegang and Yu Pingbo, he obtained many materials such as "Jiangnan Tongzhi", "Banqi Clan Genealogy", "Cao Lianting Complete Works", and learned that three generations and four members of the Cao family have done " "Jiangning weaving" has lasted 58 years. During his tenure, he has done four errands to pick up the emperor (entertaining the emperor). .He also began to have doubts about Yuan Mei's words, but he still believed Cao Yin, thinking that Cao Yin was "the son of old age", so he "loved Xueqin very much", and chose a special name. ⑧

One day in May, Hu Shi checked the Bibliography of Neem Pavilion in the Beijing Normal University Library.A Mr. Zhang Zhongfu told him that there were stories about Cao Xueqin in Yang Zhongxi's "Xueqiao Shihua". ⑨Hu Shi borrowed "Xueqiao Shihua" and "Sequel" from Mr. Shan Buguang, and found out: Jingting (according to, Duncheng character of the Qing clan)... It is tasted as a part of "Legend of Pipa Pavilion". Cao Xueqin ()'s inscription says: "Bai Fu Shiling should be very happy, and he will teach barbarian ghosts to show off." The grandson of Ting Tongzheng has been a poem all his life, which is probably the case, but he ended up in a rough end.There is a sentence in Jingting's poem about Xueqin that "the posthumous writings of Niu Gui are sad for Li He, and Liu Ling is buried with deer cart and lotus". ⑩

This piece of material is really important, from which I learned that Cao Xueqin was Cao Yin's grandson.Hu Shi checked this article, denied Yuan Mei's mistaken memory, and also overturned many of his original assumptions, but it made him feel "ecstatic". Later, he got "Eight Banners Poetry Notes" (that is, "Xi Chao Ya Song Collection") and "Eight Banners Wen Jing". From the poems donated by Duncheng Dunmin, he learned about Xueqin's poverty, drinking and singing in his later years, and Many other materials.In November of this year, Hu Shi wrote the revised and finalized version of "A Dream of Red Mansions". It was determined that Cao Xueqin was a member of the Zhengbai Banner of the Han Army, the grandson of Cao Yin, and the son of Cao. "Probably offended by a deficit", his home was confiscated; he did it in a poor situation after bankruptcy and bankruptcy, only 80 times.Based on this, Hu Shi came to the conclusion that "it is Cao Xueqin's autobiography". He said:

It is a self-narrative that hides the true story: the two precious jades of Zhenjia are the incarnation of Cao Xueqin himself; the two residences of Zhenjia are the shadows of Cao's family at that time. This "autobiography" theory is a fundamental concept of the New Red School.When it was first proposed, readers were limited by the old theory, and most of them were not convinced.After painstaking and in-depth research by Hu Shi, Gu Jiegang, and Yu Pingbo, they collected a large amount of practical and reliable materials, and verified that Cao Xueqin's family background and life were indeed "exactly similar" to the treasure jade in Jia's mansion in the book, and also in line with the "author Ziyun" in the opening book. " and what "Stone" said; and the life and characters described in the book do have the shadow of Cao Xueqin and his family.Therefore, it is a heavy blow to the far-fetched speculations of the Sohin School.When Lu Xun lectured on "History of Chinese Fiction" at Peking University, he repeatedly cited Hu Shi's textual research to refute the fallacies of the Suoyin School, and fully affirmed Hu Shi's "self-narrative biography", pointing out:

However, it is said that it is the author's self-narration, and the one that fits with the opening of the book is the first to say the truth, and the definite one is the last. ... Hu Shi's textual research is more obvious. He knows that Cao Xueqin was born in Ronghua, and finally Lingluo. His half-life experience is absolutely like a "stone". Those who carry on. As for the continuation author Gao E, Hu Shi also conducted textual research in combination with the continuation and edition issues.At first, from Yu Yue's "Xiaofumei Gossip", he saw Zhang Wentao's "Chuanshan Poetry and Grass" in the poem "Gift to Gaolanshu Osprey in the Same Year", which has the words "The lover talks about the red building", the title of the poem There is a note below: "After 80 chapters, it will be made up by Julan Villa".He also learned from "Lang Qian's Jiwen Erbi" that Gao E later became a Jinshi.He went to check Gao E's resume.At that time, he didn't know that there was such a book as "Records of Inscriptions of Jinshi" in Li Ke, so he asked Gu Jiegang to go to the Imperial College, and among the many "Steles Inscriptions of Jinshi" as tall as a forest, he actually found it: Gao E is an inlaid Yellow Banner Han soldier, Jinshi in Yimao (1795) in the 60th year of Qianlong's reign, and the third and first place in the imperial examination.Later, he became officials such as "Servant Reading", "Censor", and "Criminal Division Giving Shizhong", which can be regarded as climbing up.

According to Zhou Chun's "Reading Essays on a Dream of Red Mansions" during the Qianlong period, the situation about the spread is described: In the Gengxu Autumn of Qianlong, Yang Wangeng said: "Yanyu bought two manuscripts at a high price, one with 80 chapters and the other with 120 chapters. There are slight similarities and differences. I can't put it down. I will take it with me when I am in the provincial examination. It's a good story." At that time, I heard the name, but I haven't seen it yet.Ren Zidong knew that carvings had begun in Wumen workshops.It is hereby estimated that the newly engraved original can be read in its entirety.

Renzi is the fifty-eighth year of Qianlong (1792), and it has been printed in one hundred and twenty chapters.It is certain that Gao E's sequel was before he became a Jinshi.Hu Shishi did not see Zhou Chun's "Reading Essays on a Dream of Red Mansions" at that time, but Cheng Yi's self-collected version had a preface by Gao E, written in the year of Qianlong and Xinhai (1791).Based on this, Hu Shi concluded that when he continued to make up "the work was completed", he had not yet been awarded a Jinshi, and was in a "leisure and exhausted" situation.Because of this, he roughly shares Cao Xueqin's sense of depression, and the last 40 chapters of the sequel can basically implement Cao Xueqin's creative intentions, writing the end of a great tragedy.Hu Shi greatly appreciated this, saying:

In all fairness, although Gao Ebu's 40 chapters are not as good as the previous 80 chapters, there are indeed benefits that cannot be buried. He wrote about the death of a chess player, the death of a mandarin duck, the robbery of Miaoyu, the death of Sister Feng, and the marriage of Xiren, all of which are wonderful sketches.What is most noticeable is that these people all write tragic endings.There is also the most important case of the "Wooden-Stone Former Alliance", in which Gao E actually had the heart to teach Daiyu to die of illness and teach Baoyu to become a monk, ending a great tragedy and breaking the superstition of reunion in Chinese novels.This tragic vision cannot but be admired. After we tried Gao E, among the many sequels, which one didn't want to help Daiyu Qingwen out of the coffin and re-allocate Baoyu? Didn't that one want to make a "Reunion"? We retreat like this Thinking about it one step further, one cannot help but admire Gao E's supplementary work. However, judging from the content and text of the book, there are many places in the last 40 chapters that do not conform to Cao Xueqin's original ideas.Yu Pingbo once mentioned a few things, such as the chapter 31 "Because of the unicorn lying on the white head and double stars", it is indeed suspicious. It seems that Shi Xiangyun should marry Jia Baoyu later, but there is no response in the next 40 chapters.Hu Shi appreciated Yu Pingbo's opinion very much.He himself also pointed out that Xiaohong's no results, Xiangling's good results, and Sister Feng's end are all inconsistent with the creative intentions hinted by Cao Xueqin in the first 80 chapters.The most prominent is Jia Baoyu's results. The beginning of the book clearly states that "without success in one skill, half a life is down and out", and it also says "puffy thatched rafters, rope bed and tile stove". The reason? And "hanging rocks to let go" is to become a monk? Hu Shi linked the problems in the text of these versions with the life experience of the continuation author Gao E, and pointed out: It doesn't make sense to write that Jia Baoyu is suddenly willing to write stereotyped essays, and suddenly willing to go to the Juren examination.Gao E made up time, just after he was selected as a scholar, but he had not yet been awarded a Jinshi.If he was born after the 60th year of Qianlong, Jia Baoyu would probably have to be a Jinshi! Regarding Gao E’s sequel, Hu Shi not only affirmed the tragic ending preserved in its core part, but also criticized its “Lan Gui Qi Fang” , "Jia Jiayan Shize" and other vulgar views, the analysis is quite insightful; and it coincides with the views of some people such as Lu Xun at that time, or coincides with them. Hu Shi also did some textual research on the correct version.His analysis of the 80 chapters and the 120 chapters, and his judgment on Cheng Weiyuan's second typesetting edition are relatively pertinent.But for the various original manuscripts, he still lacked perceptual knowledge at that time.Therefore, when he saw the "Original Notebook of the Early National Period" (that is, Qi's copy) printed by Zhengshu Bureau in Shanghai, "has a general commentary, a clipping commentary, and a rhyme commentary", he mistakenly thought it was a "very late copy". , is by no means the original."It never occurred to him that there were commentaries in the original text. Because of his ignorance, he almost missed the good opportunity to buy Zhiyanzhai Jiaxuben later on.Hu Shi recorded the incident himself and said: Last year (1927) when I returned from overseas, I followed up with a letter, saying that I would like to give me a manuscript.I thought that the "re-evaluation" was probably worthless, so I didn't reply at that time.Soon, the advertisement of Xinyue Bookstore came out, and the book collectors sent the book to the store and passed it on to me. After reading it, I was convinced that this was the oldest manuscript in China, so I bought it at a high price. Although this Qianlong Jiaxu manuscript is only a fragment of 16 chapters, it is the earliest manuscript discovered so far.Among them, there are many comments in Zhubi, which are not found in other books. For the research of Cao Xueqin's life experience and time of death, the relationship between "Zhiyanzhai" and the author, the process of writing and revision, and the structure or residual manuscripts scheduled after 80 chapters etc., have more important reference value. In the history of editions, the Jiaxu version occupies an even more important position.After sorting out and researching this book, Hu Shi published a long article "New Materials for Textual Research on the Dream of Red Mansions".Other researchers have also used the materials of the Jiaxu version to obtain new results.Since then, researchers have gradually realized the importance of the old manuscripts, and have begun to understand how to identify the "original" of the old manuscripts.Later, the "Gengchen Book" was discovered one after another. , "Jiachen Version", "Jing Zang Version", "Yang Zang Version" and many other manuscripts have opened up a new situation in the study of Chinese editions. Hu Shi once declared that his textual research would "lead future research on the right track: break away from the "red studies" that have been attached to it in the past, and create research with scientific methods!" The advent of the library's new punctuation book marked the official establishment of "New Red Studies". In 1923, Yu Pingbo's "A Dream of Red Mansions" was published, which further strengthened the momentum of the new Hongxue.Therefore, the New Red School launched a comprehensive attack on the old Red School with a new method of focusing on actual materials, a new viewpoint of "author's autobiography", and a new "edited" version of Yadong, breaking all kinds of perplexing mysteries. study.From then on, the new Hongxue of Hu Shi's school replaced the status of the old Hongxue. It has been studied for more than 30 years, and it still has considerable influence at home and abroad. As for whether this new redology is a "scientific method research", it is up to redology experts to comment.It just so happened that Mr. Yu Pingbo, a well-known red scholar and a general of the new red study, once made a comment, he said: In recent years, the textual research has been changed from objective aspects such as the author's life and family background, which is much more realistic than the so-called red studies before, but I have made a little too rigid a problem, which I have committed before.They merged the fake Jia family with the real Cao family, and merged the protagonist Baoyu and the author into one person; in this way, Jia's lineage is equal to Cao's family tree, and Xueqin's autobiography.It is obvious that there are three kinds of inappropriateness.First, the meaning of novels as novels is lost.Second, it is difficult to write a novel, let alone such a good one, if real people and real events are glued together like this.Third, the author clearly stated that the truth is concealed. If it is true everywhere, then there is no such thing as "concealment of the truth". It is just that the truth has been moved to another place and the name of the real person has been replaced. What Mr. Yu said is very reasonable.The so-called "autobiography" theory does have its "much more real" side. It is a conclusion drawn from objective aspects such as life and family background, which basically conforms to the actual situation and roughly conforms to the laws of literary creation.Therefore, it is completely different from the old Red School of Solitude.However, the theory of "autobiography" is biased, that is, "too rigid", so that art and life are confused, obliterating the typical characteristics and significance of art.Therefore, although the New Red School destroyed the labyrinth of the old Red School, it also fell into the new labyrinth of the Cao family's affairs. A quagmire of cumbersome research on subjective idealism.Later, Hu Shi even took the materials of Du Shaoqing's brothers' family background as materials of Wu Jingzi and his family background, and stuffed them into his "Wu Jingzi Biography" and "Wu Jingzi Chronicle", which completely confused the boundaries between artistic models and real people. The theory of "self-narrative biography" has probably been developed to the extreme. ①From the "Research on the Dream of Red Mansions" in 1921 to the "Last Letter on the Problem of the Dream of Red Mansions" written four days before his death in February 1962, Hu Shi wrote a total of about 15 textual research articles and letters in total, totaling 100,000 Yu characters accounted for almost a quarter of the textual textual research in his novels.The status and influence of the New Red School he created in the history of Red Studies is an objective fact that cannot be erased. ②Who is "Zhiyanzhai"? What is the relationship with Cao Xueqin? There are quite a lot of differences in the views of recent people.Hu Shi's statement is also inconsistent, and he is uncertain.At first, he believed that Zhiyanzhai was a "relative of the same clan" or "confidant friend" who was very close to Xueqin; later he said, "Zhiyanzhai is the Baoyu who loves to eat rouge, that is, Cao Xueqin herself" In his later years, Hu Shi returned to his original view, saying that Zhiyanzhai was Cao Xueqin's "most trusted friend". In "Hu Shi's Oral Autobiography" about "The Birth of New Red Studies", there is a note from Mr. Tang Degang, saying that "Mr. Shizhi always believes that 'Zhiyanzhai' is the author Cao Xueqin himself" (Taipei Biographical Literature Publishing House, 1981, page 241 ).This statement is naturally due to the lack of careful examination of Hu Shi's essays. ③, originally published in Novel Monthly, Volume 7, Issues 1 to 6 in 1916, and later published by Shanghai Commercial Press in September 1917. ④Cai Yuanpei mentioned his "Three Ways of Derivation" in "The Preface to the Sixth Edition of Stone Records of Suoyin": ... To know the person whom it entrusts, you can use three methods to deduce it: first, those with similar personalities; second, those with anecdotes;Therefore, Xiangyun's boldness and unrestrainedness are regarded as his year; his spring's desolation is regarded as Sun's friend; the first method is also used.It is accepted when Baoyu encounters a nightmare; when Sister Feng cries to Jinling, it is Yu Guozhu; the second method is also used. The name of Tanchun is related to Tanhua, and it is called Jian'an; the name of Baoqin is related to the story of Confucius learning the piano from Shixiang, so it is called Pijiang; the third method is also used.However, every time one person is cited, the three methods or two methods are used at the same time.Others, such as Xu Yuanwen suspected in Yuanchun, and Weng Baolin suspected in Baochan, are considered to be near isolated evidence, so I will not include them.They think they are prudent, and they are different from those who attach themselves at will. (Volume 3 of "The Complete Works of Cai Yuanpei", Beijing Zhonghua Book Company, September 1, 1984, page 69) ⑤ The first draft of "Dream of Red Mansions" in March 1921, which was published in Shanghai Yadong Library in May of the same year.In November of the same year, it was revised and finalized, and it was republished in May 1922 as the first typesetting edition of Yadong;Citation according to August 9, 1926, Volume 3, p. 185. ⑥ In Volume 2 of Yuan Mei's "Suiyuan Shihua", there is a note: During the reign of Emperor Kangxi, Cao Lian Pavilion (according to, it was regarded as a neem pavilion) was woven for Jiangning. Every time it came out, there would be eight Zou, and they would bring a book with them, and they would not stop watching and playing.People asked: "Why do you like to learn?" He said: "No, I am not a local official, but the people will stand up when they see me. I am uneasy, so I use this to cover my eyes and ears."And when Chen was convicted, Chen was recommended closely. People take this seriously.His son Xueqin wrote a book to record the prosperity of Fengyue.Ming I fast read and envy it.At that time, there was a certain school secretary, You Yan, in the red building.My Zhai question says: Sickness and haggardness are better than peach blossoms, and the heat in the afternoon sweats turns hotter. I'm still afraid that the person I like will see, and I will say that today is worse. The prestige of Di Di is like mountains and rivers, and the wind and flow should be taken away from Qi Luo. Unlike Xiaojia's restrained attitude, he seldom laughs and silents more. (According to People's Literature Publishing House, September 1982, Edition 2) ⑦Hu Shi’s textual research was aided by Gu Jiegang and Yu Pingbo.He also said in his autobiography: In this first step of finding out the author's biography, I have had the help of many of my students.These students later became quite famous in the study of "Red Studies".One of them was the later famous historian Gu Jiegang; the other was Yu Pingbo.Ping Bo later became a professor of literature.These students—especially Gu Jiegang—they helped me find out Cao Xueqin's life experience. ("Hu Shi's Oral Autobiography", Taipei Biographical Literature Publishing House, first edition in March 1981, p. 243) They had frequent correspondence for this reason, and Zhao Xiaofu compiled it into "Research on the Three Letters of the Dream of Red Mansions", which was serialized in the "Academia" magazine published by the cultural circles during the occupation of Shanghai from 1943 to 1944.Divided into 2 parts: the first part is the correspondence between Hu Shi and Gu Jiegang, with a total of 27 letters; the second part is the correspondence between Hu Shi and Yu Pingbo, with a total of 17 letters published, which seems to be unfinished. When "Academia" began publishing these letters in August 1943, there was an editor's note, which is recorded as follows: In the past 20 years of textual research, Hu Shizhi, Gu Jiegang, and Yu Pingbo have held extremely important positions.These three people discussed and discussed with each other very closely during the textual research work.During this period, there are many books and books.In these books, we can see that the methods of the three schools of research and argumentation are more important than the results of textual research.It is my great pleasure that Mr. Zhao Xiaofu collected the letters of the three discussions and submitted them to this publication for the readers. (Academics, Volume 1, Issue 1.) Most of these slips were written between April and September 1921, which fully shows that in the initial stage of the new method of research, the teachers and students cooperated with each other, and Hu Shi received a lot of help from Gu Jiegang. ⑧In May 1921, Hu Shi looked up "The Complete Works of Neem Pavilion" in the Tianjin Library, and obtained many important materials in the "Wenchao" volume, which can be used to determine Cao Yin's life, the location of Cao Jialutian, and Kangxi's southern tour, which are consistent with the description .See also the volume of "Poetry Collection", "Xinmao March 26th when I heard Zhener's death, this book bears grief, and also shows my four nephews to Dongxuan poet friends", the second of the three poems has "Chengjia Wangyouzi" The poem thought that "Cao Yin was old and childless at the time, so Cao Yu succeeded him as the heir; after Cao Yu had been established as the heir, Cao Yin gave birth to a son again, and this son was suspected to be Xueqin. Break the single-name example of the nephew from 'Page', and name it 'God Bless'".See "Hu Shi's Diary", Beijing Zhonghua Book Company, January 1, 1985, Volume 1, pp. 29-34.By the way, Cao Yu is Yin's son, not an heir; his heir is Cao, who is adopted after Cao Yin's death, that is, Xueqin's father.And "Tianyou" should be the son of Cao Yu, not Yinzi, nor Xueqin. (Third edition revised note) ⑨See "Hu Shi's Diary", Volume 1, p. 40. ⑩The material for this article was originally found in Volume 6 of Yang Zhongxi's "Sequel to Xueqiao Poems", page 23.Hu Shi had excerpted it in his diary on May 20, 1912.See "Hu Shi's Diary" Volume 1, page 59; later quoted in the revised version of "A Dream of Red Mansions", see "Hu Shi Wencun" Shanghai Yadong 9th Edition, Volume 3, page 212. Hu Shi's "autobiography" about the author has had a great influence over the years, whether he praises, brags, criticizes, or knocks down, all go to extremes, which are not realistic or fair.We should do a little historical analysis.On the one hand, Hu Shi came to a conclusion only after he obtained Cao Xueqin's "half-life experience, absolutely like a stone" (in Lu Xun's words): It is obviously a self-narrative book that "hides the truth".If the author is Cao Xueqin, then Cao Xueqin is the self-confessed "I" at the beginning! It is the source of the two treasures of Zhen Jia (true and false) in the book! If you understand this truth, you will know the Jia family and Zhen in the book. The capital is just the shadow of Cao Xueqin's family. (Volume 3 of "Hu Shi Wencun", p. 219) The so-called "autobiography" is basically the term "base" and "shadow", which has roughly the same meaning as the "model" and "life prototype" mentioned today, and it is a correct understanding of the relationship between life and art. .Because it is based on solid factual materials, the theory of "self-narrative biography" is by no means comparable to the random affiliation of the Soyin School without factual basis; effect. However, on the other hand, the theory of "autobiography", on the basis of the "base" and "shadow", takes the truth a half step forward, equating artistic models with life prototypes, and equating the characters in the works with Cao Cao. The family compared them one by one and said: Jia Zheng in the village is also the second son.These three levels are all compatible with Cao.Therefore, we can recognize that Jia Zheng is Cao; therefore, Jia Baoyu is Cao Xueqin, the son of Cao, which is easier to understand. ("Hu Shi Wencun" Volume 3, p. 224) This confuses the boundary between art and life, negates the significance of art typification, and thus negates art itself.In his later years, Hu Shi said some very incomprehensible things about the value of thought and art, which may be inseparable from this point. Lu Xun's "Chapter 24, Novel of Human Love in the Qing Dynasty", see "The Complete Works of Lu Xun", Beijing People's Literature Publishing House, 1981 edition, Volume 9, pp. 235-236. This poem can be found in "Chuanshan Poetry Grass" Volume 16 Xingui Collection.It was copied by Gu Jiegang and sent to Hu Shi, that is, the "Book of Materials about Gao E and Cao Yin found in the Three Answers" (April 4, 1921), compiled in "Research on the Three Books of the Dream of Red Mansions" (April 4, 1921), published in Shanghai "Academia" Volume 1 No. 1, published August 1943. Zhang Wentao (Chuanshan) wrote a poem "Gift to Gaolanshu Osprey in the Same Year", written in September of the sixth year of Jiaqing (Xinyou, 1801), and there is a note under the title: "After the 80th chapter of the legend, Julanshu added it. "The poem goes: No flowers, no wine, late autumn, sweeping the clouds and singing. The chivalrous gentleman can empty the purple plug, and the erotic lover talks about the red building. It's raining now, and the gains and losses are concerned about this old tour. Thirteen years have passed with the flick of a finger, and Zhu Yilian is also looking back outside. Quoting from Guo Yushi's "A Brief History of the Study of the Dream of Red Mansions", Shanghai Literature and Art Publishing House, January 1980, p. 45. (Third Edition Note) When Lu Xun was there, when he talked about Gao E's continuation, he also said: Its supplement was in the Qianlong Xinhai period, when he was not a Jinshi, "leisure and exhausted", so Xueqin's feeling of depression is occasionally connected.However, the ambition is not discouraged, and it is completely different from the so-called "old people, poor and sick, gradually revealing their next world" (Qi Ben's first chapter).Therefore, although the continuation book is also sad, Jia's family finally "Lan Gui Qi Fang" , The family business has recovered, it is different from the vast white land, it is really a clean one. (The Complete Works of Lu Xun, Volume 9, Page 237) In the article "On Opening the Eyes and Seeing", he also said: The small tragedies in the book are common occurrences in society, and the author is more daring to write them realistically, and the result is not bad.Regardless of whether Jia's family business revives again, Langui Qifang, that is, Baoyu herself, has become a monk wearing a gorilla felt cloak.There are many monks, but how many of them can wear such a wide cloak, it is already "holy and extraordinary" No doubt about it.As for the others, they were all doomed in the booklet. The end is just a conclusion: it is the end of the problem, not the beginning.Even if the readers feel a little uneasy, they finally have nothing to do.However, it was either continued or changed later, if it was not a resurrection of the dead, that is, another marriage in the dark, it would make "Shengdan reunite on the spot" before letting go, but the addiction to self-deception is too great, so I am still not reconciled after seeing a small deception, and I will definitely You must close your eyes and talk nonsense and then hurry up.E. Haeckel said: The difference between human beings is sometimes farther than the difference between apes and hominids.When we compare the continuation author with the original author, we will admit that this statement is probably true. (The Complete Works of Lu Xun, Volume 1, Page 239) These views of Lu Xun can be compared with those of Hu Shi. "New Materials for Research on the Dream of Red Mansions", see "Three Collections of Hu Shi's Essays", Shanghai Yadong Library, June 1931, 3rd Edition, Volume 5, p. 565. Qianlong Jiaxu, 16 volumes preserved, thread-bound in four volumes, the first chapter has the words "Zhiyanzhai Jiaxu copied and commented".Jiaxu is the nineteenth year of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty (1754).This book was previously collected by Liu Quanfu in Daxing, and it was returned to Hu Shi in 1927. In April 1949, Hu Shi fled to the United States and brought the Jiaxu version to the United States. In 1951, Hu Shi asked the library of Columbia University to make three sets of microfilm; in May 1961, Hu Shi self-printed at the "Central Printing Factory" in Taipei, photocopied in two colors with red and ink, in four volumes, with the frontispiece written by Hu Shi "Photocopying Origin" and Postscript. This article was originally published in Volume 1, No. 1 of Shanghai "New Moon" magazine, published on March 10, 1928; it was later included in "Three Collections of Hu Shi's Essays", first published in September 1930 by Shanghai Yadong Library. Wei Shaochang's "Review of the Edition of A Dream of Red Mansions" (published by Beijing China Social Sciences Press in September 1982) has a "version brief table", a total of three tables, and Table 1 is "fat editions", which list 12 fat editions discovered so far. kind.Readers can refer to it. Yu Pingbo's "Reading Essays on a Dream of Red Mansions", originally published in Hong Kong's "Ta Kung Pao", from January 1 to April 25, 1954; quoted from "Reference Materials for the Study of a Dream of Red Mansions" (published in December 1954) No. 1 Editorial, p. 27.