Chapter 21 married a lady with little feet

When Hu Shi was under 26 years old, he became a professor at Peking University, which can be regarded as a wunderkind.After half a year, he went back to his hometown in Shangzhuang, Jixi to hold a wedding and married Ms. Jiang Dongxiu. Jiang Dongxiu is also from Anhui. He lives in Jiangcun, Jingde County, north of Jixi County, about 40 miles away from Shangzhuang. ①As early as 1904, that is, in the spring of the year when Hu Shi went to Shanghai to enter Meixi Academy, it was Hu's mother who made the decisions for the two of them.In the autumn of 1908, Jiang's family arranged a dowry, Hu's family prepared a new house, and wrote to Hu Shi to go home and get married.Hu Shi's family was in decline, his store went bankrupt, and he failed in his studies, making it difficult to support his family, so he "struggled to stop him".

Later, when I went to study in the United States, the marriage dragged on for more than ten years. Their marriage also had some twists and turns.Although Jiang Dongxiu is a daughter of a famous family, but because of her father's early death, the old family favored sons over daughters. She only studied in a private school with her elder brother for a year or two. Afterwards, she was desolate, with little literacy, and her feet were bound since she was a child. She is completely an old-fashioned country girl. .She and Hu Shi, who called himself a "new figure" and was well-known among his classmates, were not a good match.When Hu Shi went abroad to study and gained fame abroad, there were even rumors in the village that Hu Shi got married in a foreign country, gave birth to a child, and wanted to break off the engagement with Jiang Dongxiu.Hu Shi's mother didn't believe it at first, but there were many rumors, and she was inevitably suspicious and worried, so she asked Hu Shi's childhood friend Hu Jinren to write a family letter on her behalf, telling her son not to disobey his mother's order.

As for Hu Shi himself, he was also very contradictory.Jiang Dongxiu has no culture, can't write love letters, and has a pair of tiny feet.Hu Shi was naturally very dissatisfied, and he also revealed it in his family letters. ②Under the influence of the free atmosphere of life in the United States, he also had a little deviant behavior and fell in love.There was an American girl named Edith Williams, the daughter of a university professor. She was very knowledgeable and free-spirited. She had a lot of contact with Hu Shi, and her thoughts and feelings were very agreeable.When Hu Shi met this young woman, he couldn't escape his love. He used to walk with Ms. Wei by the lake day and night, talk with her under the moonlight, and wrote more than one hundred love letters to her in two years. ③ Hu Shi also has a deep affection for Chen Hengzhe (Shafei), a talented Chinese girl who is also studying in the United States; their intimate and humorous correspondence clearly reveals their mutual admiration. ④ But Hu Shi is a "cowardly gentleman" after all, bound by the old ethics and traditions, he dare not accept Wei Liansi's love, and he only has selfish admiration for Chen Hengzhe.Hu Shi was very filial to his mother. He had been studying abroad for many years and was unable to support his mother, so his return date was repeatedly delayed. Coupled with the family's financial difficulties, his mother even "used jewelry to pay for the New Year's Eve".All these made Hu Shi feel guilty. How dare he disobeyed his widowed mother's order on the issue of marriage, and failed Jiang Dongxiu, whom his mother liked? What's more, the old-style marriage contract, whose "name" has been determined, made Hu Shi feel "unsympathetic" to Jiang Dongxiu. Affection arises from division, which creates a sense of responsibility and sympathy.He once wrote in his diary:

Dongxiu was several months older than Yu, and she had been engaged to Yu for nine years. She died in personnel affairs, and the period of setting up a car was never fulfilled.During Dongxiu, I went to and from my house to share the housework for my mother. My mother thought of relying on Lu, because she was less comforted.Nineteen ancient poems say: "Marriage thousands of miles away, leisurely across the hills; thinking about the king makes people old, how late is the car coming? Hurting the other orchids and flowers, containing the glory; out of date and not picking, eventually withering with the autumn grass." Wu Every time I recite this poem, I feel guilty. ⑤

Therefore, when he received a photo of his home and saw Dongxiu standing beside his mother, he wrote a poem on the photo.The second half of the poem is dedicated to Jiang Dongxiu: On the left of the picture is Li Dongxiu, a plain and true wife.How late is the Xuan car, please wait for a long time.Ten years of long-distance travel has made this intention negative.There will be a period when I come back, and I will be with you and your old mother.Build a house in Yanglin Bridge, and open an account with the back of the mountain.The garden can be built for ten feet, and the vegetables and leeks can be grown.I will teach you to read, and you will have wine for me.Why do you need Zhao Nvse, don't use Qin people's fou.There is real interest in it, and it can live up to my mother. ⑥

Hu Shi vowed that he would grow old together with Dongxiu.And imagine their married life: He built a house by the Yanglin bridge and planted a garden to grow vegetables. He taught Dongxiu to read, and Dongxiu provided him with wine. Be happy and prolong your life.This is Hu Shi's rather romantic Capriccio about their love life.Therefore, Hu Shi wrote to Dongxiu on the one hand, encouraging her to read and write more.On the other hand, I also find some other reasons for self-excusement, thinking that the "fate" of the old marriage contract has been fixed, and "it can often grow into true love."He wrote in his poem "Dongxiu Shu in Illness":

Don't you love freedom? No one knows what this means: Willing not to be free is also free. ⑦ This can be said to express very accurately his extremely contradictory and helpless state of mind wandering between Western freedom and Eastern ethics. In November 1914, Hu Shi discussed "the way to choose a spouse" with the assistant professor of law who lived with him. Bugot believed that "intellectual equality" should be used as the standard for finding a partner.Hu Shi believes that: In the way of choosing a wife, apart from knowledge, there are still many problems, such as physical health, appearance is not ugly, sexual behavior is not surly, all of which must be paid attention to.An intellectual partner, an unavailable family, but an available friend.That's why I don't object to my marriage.From what I have seen of the people and families here, it is rare to find people who are really able to match the wisdom of their husbands and wives, even among famous university teachers. ⑧

This view is naturally reasonable; but "you can still get friends" is a bit helpless.But as long as Jiang Dongxiu makes some sizeable progress, Hu Shi will be really happy.When he received a letter from his family, he said that "Dongxiu no longer binds her feet", so she immediately wrote a letter to encourage her, hoping that she would "advocate letting go of feet in her hometown and get rid of this bad habit for the whole town". ⑨It's a pity that Jiang's family is already 20 years old, and the bones of the feet have already been wrapped and deformed. It is too late to change the appearance of the little feet.This is the evil of old customs and ethics, and Jiang Dongxiu is also one of the innocent victims of millions of women.Later, Hu Shi criticized the old Chinese culture all his life, especially hated the "little feet", and feared that his attacks would be ineffective, which probably had something to do with Jiang Dongxiu's direct victimization experience.

Before Hu Shi got married, he had never seen Jiang Dongxiu except for the photos. When he returned to China in the summer of 1917, he went to Jiangcun to see Dongxiu.Dongxiu hid in the mosquito net and refused to see her because of the customs of the old family.Hu Shi recalled later and said, "It was indeed a time of crisis." Fortunately, he was good at understanding people, and thought, "This must not be the fault of Dongxiu, but the fault of the old family and old habits. Why should I fight for this minimum?" If I make trouble, they can certainly force him to see me, but if I have my face, what is the face of others?" Therefore, Hu Shi wrote to comfort Dongxiu, saying that he would never mind, and she would not take this matter. Take things to heart, and agreed to come back and get married this winter vacation. ⑩

Sure enough, Hu Shi returned home as scheduled.The wedding date is set on December 30, which coincides with the 17th day of the lunar calendar, which is Hu Shi's 27th (actual age is 26) birthday.On this day, there were a lot of guests in the Hu family, and the door was full of joy.Hu Shi is a new person, and he wants to reform the old wedding ceremony and hold civilized weddings in the countryside, so there are only a lot of people who come to see the excitement.On both sides of the gate, there is a red wedding couplet written by Hu Shi himself, the word cloud: Thirty nights of the big moon, read the seven-year-old groom.

In fact, the bride is one year older than the groom, so she was considered an old bride back then.Therefore, the fourth of five poems in Hu Shi's "Newly Married Miscellaneous Poems" wrote: I remember that year, your family had a dowry, and my family prepared a new house, but I, the groom, was never caught! In the past ten years, I have changed several emperors, seen how many rises and falls, rusted the knives and scissors in your dowry, changed many new styles of your wedding dress, and got older, you and I are a pair!—— Only those ten-year-old firecrackers get louder with age! Amidst the sound of firecrackers, the bride and groom pay their respects to their mothers and bow three times to their mother instead of kowtow.At this time, Brother Feng Shun was so happy that he could not close his mouth from ear to ear. Seeing his beautiful daughter and daughter-in-law standing in front of the hall, her 10-year long-cherished wish came true, and a stone in her heart finally fell to the ground. Now she is only looking forward to hugging her grandson. After marriage, Hu Shi lived at home for less than a month. On January 11, 1918, I went with a group of friends to visit the Shangxi Mountain Pass in the west of Shangzhuang to pay tribute to the tomb of "Caiweizi", a survivor of the late Ming Dynasty.Hu Shi wrote a five-character poem, which says: Wild bamboos cover barren tombs, and remnants of steles recognize old ministers. How many weed pickers were there on the Day of the Dead? In late January, Hu Shi left Dongxiu at home to serve his mother, and went back to Beijing alone. This summer, Jiang Dongxiu also came to Beijing.In winter, Hu Shi's mother died.Hu Shi and Jiang Dongxiu hurried back to Shangzhuang for the funeral.At this time, Jiang Dongxiu was pregnant. Although Hu's mother did not have a grandson, the eldest grandson was born in March of the following year.Hu Shi named his son "Zuwang", which means that the grandmother looks forward to the grandson, expressing his remembrance and filial piety to his mother. Hu Shi and Jiang Dongxiu rely entirely on the words of the matchmaker and the orders of their parents. It is an out-and-out old-fashioned marriage.As a famous new figure in the May Fourth era, Hu Shi did not abandon his old marriage contract, but his heart was by no means peaceful.In recent years, it has been discovered that in the letter he wrote to his friend Hu Jinren shortly after his marriage, he confided a little truth: My reason for this marriage is all for my mother's sake, so I have never been picky or embarrassing. (If it wasn't for this, I would never have married just like this. This idea can be regarded as a low-level statement, but it is not enough for outsiders to say.) Now that I am married, I will try my best to accommodate, so as to win my mother's favor. The reason why I try my best to express my love in the boudoir is also to make my mother happy. It is precisely because of his filial piety to his mother that Hu Shi struggled in the ten years before his marriage, but he finally did not break the old covenant; After marriage, he "strives to be accommodating", tries his best to show the love in the boudoir, and uses a happy and loving appearance to cover up his loveless heart. How contradictory and miserable his state of mind must be! Later, he lasted for more than 40 years, accompanied by each other, It's been a lifetime.Among the ups and downs, Hu Shi is "not enough to speak for outsiders", and outsiders have different opinions, and who can guess it. However, whether out of filial piety to his mother or sympathy for Dongxiu, Hu Shi did not turn his back on Jiang Dongxiu, who was not well-educated but had small feet.Their marriage, during the May 4th Movement, had won the approval of various figures in society, especially the compliments of many old figures.At that time, it was rumored that Chen Duxiu's personal behavior was indiscreet. As the dean of liberal arts at Peking University, he went to Beijing to search for flowers and women, and because of the wind, he scratched a prostitute's lower body in a brothel.This kind of thing is a suitable pretext for the attack of the old school.Hu Shi, on the other hand, was in stark contrast to Chen's. Not only was his speech more gentle than Chen Duxiu's, but he also took advantage of many surprises by not reneging on his old engagement.Therefore, people of the old school, regardless of the true Taoism or false Taoism, despised Chen Duxiu and praised Hu Shizhi.Even some decent literati such as Cai Yuanpei and Gao Mengdan admired Hu Shi more than they were dissatisfied with Chen Duxiu.The Chen family was finally forced to leave Peking University because of being attacked for his private behavior and indiscretion; rumors were even fabricated to contrast Hu Shi's refusal to break the old marriage contract.Hu Shi recorded such a thing in his diary: The strangest thing is that it was rumored that Duxiu tried to persuade me to divorce, and even slapped the table and scolded me, but I finally refused.This is really thick to frame Chen Duxiu and praise Hu Shizhi too much.Probably human love suppresses one another and promotes this, and they want to criticize Duxiu, so they unknowingly create this big lie. From this incident, we can also get a glimpse of some characteristics of the conflict between old and new ideas and new and old ethics and morals during the May Fourth Movement.At that time, Hu Shizheng was a successful young man, famous for a while, and a representative of the new culture admired by the whole country.Hu Shi, who cherishes his reputation very much, in this era of conflict between old and new ideas and morals, how could he use his marriage to violate public opinion and damage his already high reputation? Hu Shi himself said: "I follow the Easterners when it comes to family matters; I follow the Westerners when it comes to society, state and politics." This in itself is a contradiction.Hu Shi, who was deeply nourished by Western democracy and free culture, "doesn't he love freedom" when it comes to family matters? He was very contradictory about this authentic old marriage and this rather vulgar lady with little feet, and he was never willing of.However, he was quite restrained in his life and was good at covering up and hiding. Even in the above-mentioned letter to Hu Jinren who revealed his true feelings, he was also worried about leaking secrets, and repeatedly told Jinren: "After reading this book, beggars and burn it, and don't behave like outsiders. I hope, I hope, I hope!" If Jinren really burned this letter and did not explain it to outsiders, how could outsiders know Hu Shi's inner contradictions and misery, struggles and groans? However, no matter how filial piety to his mother, no matter how understanding and sympathy towards Dongxiu, no matter how much he cherishes his own reputation, it is not love.Hu Shi, as a well-known representative of the Westernization School, has realized that marriage should be based on love. He once correctly pointed out: "The relationship between husband and wife without love is not a legitimate relationship between husband and wife, it can only be said to be forced cohabitation of the opposite sex." His relationship with Jiang Dongxiu Isn’t marriage the same-sex cohabitation under the compulsion of the old ethics and traditional customs represented by his mother? For his mother, Hu Shi could only tolerate accommodating, preferring not to be free; after his mother passed away, he inevitably struggled and resisted.The only play he wrote, "Lifetime Events", the main purpose is to resist the old-fashioned arranged marriages, and finally shouted: "This is a child's life event, and the child should decide for himself!" Hu Shi's own voice of unspeakable pain.In the poem "Farewell Fu", he sang affectionately: We love each other like honey, and our hearts are very satisfied. When we think of it, when we mention parting, we cuddle up and cry. What a stark contrast this kind of "love infatuation" feeling forms with the loveless state of mind of "willing not to be free"! Facing his loveless marriage with Jiang Dongxiu, Hu Shi had no choice but to pursue his own "love like honey" in his poems, expressing his inner distress and hope, and pouring out his deep grievances and lovesickness.However, it is difficult to dispel the pain of lack of love after all.So, in Hu Shi's world of emotional hunger, a lady Cao Yusheng bumped into him. During the summer and autumn of 1923, Hu Shi went to Yanxia Cave in Hangzhou to recuperate.At that time, the married cousin of Cao Yusheng (named Chengying) was studying at Zhejiang Women's Normal School.They lived in the same hostel. Instead of boating on the West Lake, they went to the mountains to enjoy the osmanthus. Sometimes they climbed the South Peak to watch the sunrise, and sometimes went to Haining to watch the tide of the Qiantang River, or tasted algae poetry, or watched the moon and played chess.Hu Shi was immersed in a passionate love affair.Three months passed quickly, and Cao Feisheng was going back to the female teacher. One night before parting, Hu Shi wrote in his diary: The waning moon at the end of its first string is so miserable; besides, I have spent the happiest days of my life under the moonlight in these three months! Now I am parting, and the moon comes to shine on me again.After the farewell, I don’t know when I can continue the “fairy life” of the misty mountains and moons for the past three months! Looking at the moon slowly moving across the corner of the room from my pillow, I can’t help feeling sad. Not long after, sheng divorced her husband, but because Hu Shi worried about Jiang Dongxiu, his children, and his career, he did not dare to pursue this "fairy life" any longer. As a result, sheng lived alone all his life. manual labor" Hu Shi had no choice but to sing "The mountain wind messed up the pine marks on the window paper, and couldn't blow away the figure in my heart" with infinite sentimentality and sorrow. From then on, although Hu Shi still had a slight emotional connection, he generally tended to be calm, and he had been with Prime Minister Jiang Dong Xiubai for 40 years.In the family life of the two of them for more than 40 years, there were ups and downs, and few outsiders knew about it.But Jiang Dongxiu has always been loyal to her doctoral husband. Inspired and encouraged by Hu Shi, she has worked hard to study culture, and she has been able to read Jin Yong's novels and write half-understood letters; Courage is a very capable internal helper; what is especially commendable is that Jiang Dongxiu, who has little culture and does not know what academics are, can trust and support the academic path chosen by Hu Shi, and has a good understanding of the corrupt political circles. He did not want Hu Shi to become an official and embark on the road of politics.However, Dongxiu's culture is too low after all, and this gap is always inevitable in their common life.Dongxiu often grasped Hu Shi's weakness of cherishing his reputation, "When something happened, he was not begging for mercy, but making a lot of noise, which forced Hu Shi to retreat step by step, and forced him to sever ties with Cao Yusheng."Also due to cultural constraints, Dongxiu does not believe in new medical techniques and lacks modern medical knowledge. There are patients in Hu's family, and Hu Shih "cannot have new treatments" at home.When educating children, Dongxiu also adopts the traditional rural model, "always blames her son" and "always scolds him", Hu Shi has persuaded her many times, saying: In the future, both you and I have to change our attitude, and we should both regard our son as a friend.They are all grown up, and they are not good at scolding anymore.Think about it, am I right? The different attitudes of the two of them are the fundamental difference between the old-style traditional family education and the new-style democratic family education, and also reflect the difficult-to-bridge gap in their thinking, culture and lifestyle. These are things for later.Hu Shi finally did not abandon his little-footed wife Jiang Dongxiu, and respected and loved each other, even if he pretended on the surface or had no love in his heart, after all, Prime Minister Bai depended on him for the rest of his life.On Jiang Dongxiu's side, she may be "lucky", but she also revealed more or less injustice and resentment in her "quarreling"; As for Hu Shi, it is even more bittersweet, full of contradictions, struggles, tolerance, accommodation, and full of unspeakable pain and bitterness.How should we evaluate this abnormal marriage under the conflict between old and new ideology and culture and morals in the "May Fourth" era? How can the author give a simple answer here? ①Jiang Dongxiu, born in 1890 (Gengyin, the 16th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty), was born on the eighth day of the eleventh month of the lunar calendar.A native of Jiangcun, Jingde County, Anhui Province.According to Shi Yuangao's "Gossip about Hu Shi": "Jiangcun is a giant family in Jingde County. She is the tyrant of the county. She is also the daughter of a famous family. Her father's name is Shixian and she died young. Her mother, Lu's family name, was also named Xianying. The famous family is the descendant of Lu Tanhua, the head of Jingde Temple. Lu Chaorui Tanhua is Dongxiu’s great-grandfather, and Lu Peifang Hanlin is her maternal grandfather. Jiang Dongxiu’s aunt is Hu Shi’s aunt, so they are related.” (Anhui People’s Publishing House, June 1985 1st edition, p. 45) married and had two boys and one girl.The eldest son, Zuwang, is now in the United States; the second son, Sidu, stayed in the mainland, was wrongly classified as a rightist in 1957, committed suicide, and was rehabilitated in 1980; daughter Sufei died early. After Hu Shi fled to the United States in 1949, Jiang Dongxiu went to New York in June 1950. Returned to Taiwan Province in October 1961. Died on August 22, 1975.86 years old.He and Hu Shi were buried in Jiuzhuang Cemetery in Nangang, Taipei. ② "Letter from Home No. 58 No. 9" (May 19, 1915) in Volume 9 of "Zanghui Room Notes" says: Dongxiu's educational sections mentioned in the third letter are just words from my son's temporary feelings, and I don't mean to blame Dongxiu, especially I dare not blame my mother.The son-to-son marriage didn't have the slightest resentment.Gail knows very well that my mother has done everything in her power to provide her son with a happy family for her marriage; ...The above sections are based on the words in my mother's book that "the situation is dictated by the current situation, but I hope you can forgive me for this painstaking effort", so the book has been learned in recent years to explain my mother's doubts. (Shanghai Yadong Library, 1936 edition, pages 647-648) It can be seen that there must be dissatisfaction in the No. 3 family letter, which aroused Hu's mother's doubts, so that Hu Shi had to explain it in No. 9 family letter.The third family letter is not found in "Zanghui Room Notes". ③ "The Notes of the Zanghui Room" Volume 16 "Old Letter to Ms. Wei after 18 Readings" (May 4, 1917) said: "I saw at Ms. Wei's place yesterday. I sent a bunch of books to her in the past two or three years. Re-examining and reading it is like reading a novel, but refuses to let it go. Most of the books in 1915 and 1916 are mostly books, and the book in 1915 is the most important. My thoughts and feelings in these two years The changes are mostly contained in these more than a hundred books, and he will never be able to obtain the truth of the true self." (Shanghai Yadong Edition, p. 1137) ④ In "Zanghui Room Notes", there are many correspondences and meetings between Hu Shi and Chen Hengzhe. On October 23, 1916, the diary "Answer to Ms. Chen Hengzhe" said: The lady asked me to ask for documents: "'I am invincible in both poetry and literature' (this is a gift from Shu Yong's poems), how can I give up the invincible and ask for it?" words.The lady replied, "Sir, please don't 'read the incoming book carefully' again, otherwise the 'invention' will prosper day by day, just smile." I sent it accordingly. Don't "read the book carefully", for fear of losing the taste of the book. If you "read the book carefully", you are afraid of committing crimes. It's really hard to offend the sender. Please also ask the sender, when you send a letter next time, how often should you read the statement? (Shanghai Yadong Edition, pp. 1037-1038) On November 1 of the same year, due to the problem of addressing each other, they "sent to Ms. Chen Hengzhe" again, saying: If you "Mr." me, I will "Mr." you too. It's better to avoid both, so how much trouble can be saved. On November 3, the record "Ms. Chen's reply" said: The so-called "sir" is Mister Yun. If you don't call you "Mr.", what do you call you? But if it is done, the name will be taken care of by the master, and I shouldn't force you to be "Mr." But I shouldn't, just call you by your first name. "The sender, please, next time you send a letter, declare" what to call it. Hu Shi replied: Mr. is very eloquent, and refuting me makes me unable to speak. Thinking about it carefully, what is the difference between calling a cow and calling a horse, a cat or a dog? I joked, it shouldn't have been. "Write a letter next time", please don't doubt anymore: Whatever you call it, I will promise it like thunder, and I will never reject it again. (Shanghai Yadong Edition, pp. 1045-1046.) On April 11, 1917, the first meeting with Chen Hengzhe is recorded: On April 7, I went to Poughkeepsie Village with Shu Yong to interview Ms. Chen Hengzhe. I started to correspond with Ms. Chen in October last year. Since May, I have written no less than 40 pieces of books on thesis and science and video games for rewards.Among friends who have never met, it can be said to be uncommon.This time, Shuyong invited Yu Tong to visit the lady, and I was able to meet her. (Shanghai Yadong Edition, p. 1125.) In the 26th issue published on April 20, 1934, there was a column titled "Hu Lu of Literary Paintings", which published the article "Chen Hengzhe and Hu Shi" written by "Xiang Gong", which said: When Ms. Chen was studying in the United States, Mr. Hu Shi, a master of the May 4th Movement, was studying in the United States at the same time. Both of us were Chinese students studying in the United States, and we had many opportunities to meet each other. Hu was even younger and handsome. They became permanent partners with each other, but Hu Shi never agreed to her request.In the eyes of us onlookers, it is something we can only dream of for an overseas love affair. Isn't it too ignorant to refuse someone's kindness? But we don't know that Mr. Hu has other difficulties. (The story of Hu Shi's engagement, omitted)...so I introduced Ms. Chen as "responsible" to "his friend" Ren Shuyong. Ren Shuyong and Chen Hengzhe were very angry after reading this article, and they took it to Hu Shi; People are responsible for apologizing."This letter from Hu Shi was written on August 13. After the draft of the letter was drafted, it was sent to Ren and Chen for reading. Send Ren Chen to "read it again", it has just been mailed, contained in the 39th issue (published on August 30, 1934).In the letter criticizing the "Xiang Gong" article, the third item said: (3) Mr. "Xiang Gong" The most absurd thing in this article is that Ms. Chen once asked me to "become a permanent partner", but I refused, and then introduced her to Mr. Ren.In fact, when I was studying abroad, although I only met Ms. Chen once, we corresponded a lot.I certainly had a deep and pure respect for her, which made me value our friendship very much.But we never talked about marriage.This is because, first, we were all in the ideal age of youth at that time, and no one regarded marriage as an important thing; second, a group of friends at that time knew that Ms. A person dares to hit a snag.She has known Ren Jun the longest and knows each other the deepest, but they have no marriage contract either.It wasn't until Ren Jun came to the United States for the second time in 1919, and Ms. Chen felt his sincerity in his marriage proposal that she abandoned her non-marriage doctrine and got engaged to him. Although the letter "Hu Shizhi's Letter of Protest" was published, and Ren, Chen, and Hu were "confessed" in the "editor's case", they categorically denied any "malicious instigation and criticism", and used "no such This kind of fact is also possible." Such a nonsense tone, the meaning behind the words, seems to be still unbelievable.Since then, the story about Hu Shi and Chen Hengzhe has become a "mysterious case" guessed by the legends of the literary meddler. Chen Hengzhe (1893-1976), whose pen name is Sha Fei, was born in Wujin, Jiangsu. He studied history in the United States. After returning to China, he served as a professor at Peking University, Central University, and Sichuan University.He is the author of "Western History", "A Brief History of the Renaissance", "Little Raindrops", "Hengzhe Prose Collection" and so on. ⑤ "Zanghui Room Notes", Volume 4, "Send the picture of reading in the third and second question room to Yuchen Jinren Dongxiu" (June 6, 1914), Shanghai Yadong Edition, p. 249. ⑥ "Notes on the Canghui Room", Volume 4, "San Sande's Poems on Photos at Home" (June 6, 1914).Shanghai Yadong Edition, pp. 249-250.This poem was also published in "New Continental Poems" in the third year of "Annual Report of Students Studying in America" ​​(Min Yuan No.) column, titled "Going Out". Zhao Nvse, Fou from Qin, saw the story of Han Yang Yun's "Reporting to the Sun Huizong Book": "The field family works hard, and at the age of Fula, cooks lambs, fights wine and works on its own. The family is from Qin, and can be the sound of Qin; the woman, Zhao Nu, is elegant and good. Drums and zithers. Numerous servants and maids sing, their ears are hot after drinking, and they look up to the sky and caress the fou and whine." Later generations used it to write about the joy of Tianjia. ⑦ See "Trying Collection", Shanghai Yadong Library, first edition in March 1920; the quotation is the third section of the poem. (Third Edition Note) ⑧ "The Notes of the Zanghui Room", Volume 7, "The Way of Choosing a Couple in Four and Three" (November 22, 1914), Shanghai Yadong Edition, pp. 471-472. ⑨"San Mian Dong Xiu" (July 8, 1914), Volume 5, "Notes of the Canghui Room", Shanghai Yadong Edition, p. 290. 10 See "Hu Shi's Diary" August 30, 1921.Beijing Zhonghua Book Company, January 1985, first edition, Volume 1, pp. 199-201. "Miscellaneous Poems for New Marriage" consists of five poems, originally published in Volume 4, No. 4 of "New Youth", and later included in the first edition of "Trying Collection"; In October 1922, the fourth edition was updated and the second to fifth poems were deleted.Recorded here is the fourth song. This poem was first entered in a letter to Qian Xuantong on January 12, 1918. The original note said: "There is a stele on the tomb of 'Ming Caiweizi's Tomb'. This person came to my hometown in the early Qing Dynasty, and he did not say his name. He called himself 'Caiweizi' ', there are a lot of ink left behind, most of which were lost after Hong Yang's chaos. "See "Hu Shi's Correspondence and Selected Letters", Beijing Zhonghua Book Company, May 1979 edition, Volume 1, pp. 10-11. Regarding "Caiweizi", there is a biography in "Jixi County Chronicles", see "Character Chronicles? Liu Yu", you can refer to it. Hu Shi sent a letter to Hu Jinren on May 2, 1918.Mr. Shi Yuangao once copied the original letter in the hands of the grandson of Hu Jinren in Shangzhuang, Jixi. Same note ⑩. "Zanghui Room Notes", Volume 7, "Twenty-two 'Tolerance and Accommodation' and 'Doing Its Own Way'" (November 3, 1914).Shanghai Yadong Edition, p. 443. "On the Question of Chastity—An Answer to Lan Zhixian", see "Hu Shi Wencun", Shanghai Yadong Library, August 9, 1926, Volume 4, p. 81. (The following are all three editions) See "Mr. Hu Shizhi's Poetry Handwriting", Taipei Commercial Press, December 1, 1964, and the unaccepted poem manuscripts in "Trying After Collection", written on January 1, 1923. See the manuscript of "Hu Shi's Diary", first published by Taipei Yuanliu Publishing Co., Ltd. in December 1990, Volume 4, October 3, 1923.From May to August 1923, this diary mostly contained letters and poetry diaries with Cao sheng; from September 9th to November 4th, "Diary in the Mountains" and "Miscellaneous Notes in the Mountains" both contained information about the relationship with Cao sheng. For the record of sheng (nickname "Juan") living together and related poems, you can refer to it. The manuscript of "Hu Shi's Diary", Volume 14, on February 25, 1940, has the following record: Ms. Wu Jianxiong wrote a letter, and friends sent news that she went to Mount Emei to become a nun.This made me sad. sheng sent a word cloud on Qixi Festival of the lunar calendar last year: Lonely and lonely, Qian Jun went west to convey the message for me attentively.Said that she was moaning in despair and had no means of survival. He forgot his fame and fortune, abandoned his family and job, and came to Emei Buddha Land.The Bodhisattva of Compassion wants to stay, but is bound by kindness. There is no other word, and there is no address, so I can't reply.The eight characters "Xichuan, Wannian Temple, Xinkai Temple" can be recognized on the stamp. "Secret Magic Cliff Moonlight Night" (poem), see "Mr. Hu Shizhi's Poetry Handwriting", "After Trying Collection" collected by Taipei Business Edition. Composed on December 22, 1923, quoted as the last two lines of the poem. Shi Yuangao: "Gossip about Hu Shi", Anhui People's Publishing House, June 1985, p. 49.On page 39 of the book, the author remembers Jiang Dongxiu’s relationship with Hu Shi and Cao Yusheng, “often quarreling with Hu Shi, and once there was a big quarrel, she picked up a paper knife and threw it at Hu Shi’s face, but luckily missed , I pulled them apart, and the turmoil began to subside." Refer to Hu Shi's "To Fu Sinian" (July 14, 1928) and "To Zhu Jiahua? in one article. "Hu Shi's Letter to Jiang Dongxiu" (September 21, 1939), see "Selected Letters from Hu Shi's Family" in "Anhui Historiography" No. 1, 1990. Regarding the marriage between Hu Shi and Jiang Dongxiu, some scholars call it "one of the seven wonders in the history of the Republic of China", and the "strange" is the combination of a new character and a "wife with small feet".In fact, this is a fairly common phenomenon during the May Fourth Movement.Among the many pioneers of the new culture, such as Chen Duxiu, Li Dazhao, Lu Xun, Guo Moruo, Mao Dun, Yu Dafu, Zhu Ziqing, Xu Zhimo, and Liang Zongdai, all had old-fashioned marriages, and their wives also had small feet. Hu Shi was just one example.However, their respective situations are not exactly the same. Some arranged marriages are "not bad", harmonious and happy, and grow old together; some resist and struggle, pursuing free love and marriage.These two types of situations seem to be relatively rare.The third category is in the majority. While enduring arranged marriages, they are full of contradictions in their hearts. They often struggle and even resist in their actions. Naturally, the degree of struggle and resistance also varies.Hu Shi actually falls into this third category.The marriage between him and Jiang Dongxiu is not "very happy" as some people say, it is not "peaceful and peaceful for 40 years", "always a good marriage".During the 40 years of their white prime minister's dependence, it was really full of ups and downs.The author is the author of the book "Hu Shi? Jiang Dongxiu" (China Youth Publishing House, 1995), which has made a more comprehensive review. You can refer to it.