Chapter 2 hometown and family

Mr. Hu Shizhi is from Jixi County, Anhui Province. Jixi, which used to belong to Huizhou Prefecture, is located in the south of Anhui Province, at the foot of the beautiful Huangshan Mountain.The whole territory of Huizhou is mountainous. Although the scenery is beautiful, there are many mountains and little land, and the soil is barren and the people are poor.Therefore, most Huizhou people leave their hometowns and go out to do business. They are famous all over the country for being good at doing business. There is even a saying that "a town cannot be a town without Huizhou".Such geographical and living conditions have created three outstanding characteristics of Huizhou people:

1. Emphasis on the concept of the township party, with the "Huizhou Gang" as the most famous. 2. The spirit of hard work is known as "Hui camel" and "Jixi cattle". 3. Emphasis on cultural education has produced many famous scholars such as Zhu Xi, Hu Zai, Jiang Yong, Dai Zhen, Yu Zhengxie, Ling Tingkan, Hu Peiyu, etc. These characteristics are almost all reflected in Hu Shi.He claimed to be from Huizhou all his life, loved to eat Huizhou pot②, and liked to build relationships with his fellow villagers in Huizhou. In January 1953, he wrote an inscription for the Jixi Travel and Taiwan Association, and wrote the six words "Work hard to be an Hui camel".Until his later years, he wrote the preface to "Mr. Zhan Tianyou's Chronicle" compiled by Ling Hongxun③, and he still did not forget to call himself Zhan Tianyou's "children from Huizhou hometown".For several famous scholars in Huizhou in the past dynasties, they often read it in their mouths and wrote it in their articles, admiring them endlessly.The brand of Huizhou can be described as deep.

Hu Shi's hometown is about 40 kilometers west of Jixi City. It is a large village called Shangzhuang where the Hu family lived together. ④Here, mountains lead to water, and mountains surround a small basin. The tip of the bamboo pole with a height of more than 1,100 meters and the green peaks stand in the north of the village, like a huge green barrier under the blue sky, protecting the entire mountain village.The clear Changxi River flows from the west of the village to the south, silently nourishing the farmland beside the village, then crosses the Yanglin Stone Bridge and winds its way east.Wu Zhuo'an from Jing once praised:

Its mountains are clear and spacious, and its waters are surrounded by seclusion. It can be said that it conveys the characteristics and charm of Shangzhuang's landscape. ⑤ The Hu family who lived in Shangzhuang for generations, it is said that the first ancestor, Chang Yi Gong, was not Hu’s surname, but Tang Zhaozong Li Ye’s prince. Because of avoiding the chaos of Zhu and Wen, he fled to the south with his adoptive father Hu Sangong and hid among the people, so he changed his surname to Hu. Later Tang Dynasty In the third year of Tongguang (975), he ascended the throne with the Ming Jing, so he was called "Ming Jing Hu's family" in the world, and it is still called "Li Gai Hu" by the people.The second patriarch served in the Song Dynasty and was granted the title of king.These rich and expensive deeds are not found in the annals of history. It is probably a rumor written in the genealogy by the descendants of the Hu family in order to deify and exalt their ancestors. ⑥Although the Hu family found an ancestor who was a noble emperor, there were no prominent officials in the six hundred years after they moved to Shangzhuang.In the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the "Jixi Sanhu", famous for its Sinology, lived in Jixi City for generations, and was of a different lineage from the Hu family in Shangzhuang. ⑦Until the 20th year of Guangxu (1894), Hu Shi's father, Hu Chuan, became the "three-ranked alternate magistrate of Zhili Prefecture, Taitung, Taiwan", and he was the most prominent official of the Hu clan in Shangzhuang. ⑧

Hu Shi's family was originally not a scholarly family, but a tea business that has been in business for dynasties.His great-grandfather ran the business from Xiaoben, and actually opened a small tea shop in Chuansha Town, east of Shanghai.His grandfather expanded his business and added a branch in Shanghai Huajie.When his father Hu Chuan became an official, his capital was abundant, and his business became more and more prosperous.After Hu Chuan's death, the family still had a Yuxingtai Tea Shop in Shanghai, a Gongyi Oil Store, and a Liangyi Wine Store in Hankou; ⑨ The first member of the Hu family who aspired to study was Hu Shi's great-uncle Hu Kuizhao, whose style name was Xingwu.Poor him, who studied hard for more than ten years, didn't even pass the exam as a scholar, and only taught private schools in the countryside, known as Mr. Xingwu.

Hu Shi's father, Hu Chuan (1841-1895), whose name was Xiangjiao, courtesy name Tiehua, nicknamed Dunfu; his original name was Shan, courtesy name Shou San, known as Mr. San. Son.He was smart since he was a child. When he was 3 years old, he didn't like to eat good food and didn't want to wear colorful clothes. He won the appreciation of his uncle, Mr. Xingwu.When Hu Chuan was 24 years old, he passed the examination of scholar, and the whole family was very happy; but he failed to pass the examination of Juren after taking several "country examinations".He then entered Longmen Academy in Shanghai and studied under Liu Xizai, a famous scholar at that time.What I study is the meaning of poetry and the "three rites" of economics.

He believed in Song Confucianism, especially the "Confucianism" represented by Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi and Zhu Xi, and he was a literati from the orthodox school in the late Qing Dynasty.Later, Hu Chuan was a candidate for Confucian discipline (official in charge of county education) as a tribute student, and served as a staff member or local official in Northeast China, Guangdong, Henan, Jiangsu, Taiwan, etc. for more than ten years.In the end, he became the magistrate of Zhili Prefecture in Taitung, and also commanded the Zhenhai Rear Army. He was the highest military and political officer in Taitung, but he was only a third-rank rank.

Although Hu Chuan became an official, he was also a man who had suffered a lot.He has experienced many hardships in his life.Fortunately, he has a strong will and a strong body: His face is purple and black, with a short beard, and his eyes are so powerful that people dare not look at him... He has lived outside the Great Wall for several years, and his face is tanned like a picture of Baolong. ⑩ When he was under Wu Da's subordinate in Ning Guta in Northeast China, he was ordered to go to Huichun to survey the border of Heidingzi with Russia's Komisar. On the way, he encountered heavy snow and lost his way. For three days, he survived the cold and hunger.In Guangdong, he was ordered to go to Hainan Island to investigate the terrain of Lidong. He went into the deep mountains, went straight to Lixin, and arrived at Yazhou. He was severely infected with miasma and was cured.After arriving in Taiwan, he served as the Chief Inspector of Battalion Affairs for the first time. In order to check the camp defense, he traveled all over Tainan, Taipei, the front mountains and the back mountains, and even went to the Penghu Islands. He died of illness, but Hu Chuan was spared.But since then he also suffered from pain in his joints, probably due to rheumatism, and his body became weaker and weaker day by day.After Taiwan was ceded to Japan, Hu Chuan Neidu died of illness in Xiamen at the age of 55.

The time Hu Chuan lived, from the year after the Opium War to the year after the Sino-Japanese War of Sino-Japanese War, was a time when the Chinese nation was frequently invaded by foreign powers and suffered many disasters.As a patriotic intellectual, seeing the country's crisis, he was most worried about the aggression of the northern imperial Russia. He once said that "China's troubles lie in the northwest, and the beginning must start in the northeast."At that time, Hu Chuan, who was in his late forties, lost his old wife and his official fortune was not prosperous, so he went north alone and traveled to the three eastern provinces. Bugs in old journals, for emergencies.This kind of practical and patriotic spirit is really commendable.

Hu Chuan married three times in his life.Married to the Feng family of Fengcun for the first time, she died in the rebellion of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom shortly after marriage.She continued to marry the Wangchuan Cao family and gave birth to three sons and three daughters. She died shortly after giving birth to a pair of twin sons.Cao's three sons, the eldest son named Si Jia, whose name was Hong Jun, smoked opium and gambled since he was a child, and he was a prodigal son.The second son's name was Si, and his name was Hong Zou, and later changed his name to Jue, and his courtesy name was Shaozhi.The third son, named Si, is a twin with the second child. His travel name is Hong, and his courtesy name is Zhenzhi.These are Hu Shi's three elder brothers, all of whom have passed away long ago.

Now, the Hu family still has another Hu Siqi in their hometown of Shangzhuang.He is Sijia's second son and Hu Shi's nephew. He suddenly became deaf and dumb at the age of 8. He is 79 years old this year, probably the longest-lived member of the Hu family. Hu Chuan remarried for the third time to the Feng family in Zhongtun, this county, named Shundi, who was Hu Shi's mother. [Attachment] Hu Family Genealogy Table ①Huizhou, Song Huizong Xuanhe three years (1121) was changed to Shezhou, and the government was located in Shexian County. In Yuan Dynasty, it was promoted to Lu. After Ming Dynasty, it was changed to Fu, and it was abolished in the first year of the Republic of China (1912).Huizhou prefecture used to govern six counties, which are equivalent to She County, Xiuning, Qimen, Jixi, Yi County in Anhui Province and Wuyuan County in Jiangxi Province today. ②Huizhou pot, also known as "Yipin pot", is the first-class food for Huizhou people to entertain guests.According to Mr. Liang Shiqiu who had eaten Huizhou pot at Hu Shi’s house, he recalled and described: “A big iron pot, about two inches in diameter, was served hot on the table, and the inside was still boiling, with a layer of chicken, a layer of duck, and a layer of duck. meat, dotted with some egg skin dumplings, and underneath are radishes and cabbage." (Liang Shiqiu: "Mr. Hu Shi's Two or Three Things", published in Taipei "Free Talk" Vol. 23 No. 11) In the end, Mrs. Liang is just "Uncle of Anhui", I don't know the details.There is also Mr. Shi Yuangao, a native of Jixi, who is Hu Shi's cousin.He introduced it very clearly: "The so-called Huizhou pot is not commonly eaten by Huizhou people, but is the most common food for the residents of Lingbei Township, Jixi County. Anyone who meets festivals, treats, and marriage celebrations usually eats pot. It The method is as follows: a large iron pot is used for cooking utensils, and the ingredients are pork, chicken, eggs, vegetables, tofu, sea shrimp, etc. The richest pot has seven layers: the bottom layer is vegetables, and the best is winter bamboo shoots. The second is bamboo shoots, or radish, or winter melon, or dried beans, depending on the season. The next layer is pork, which is half fat and half thin. Each catty of pork is only cut into eight to ten pieces. It is rectangular. The upper layer is tofu bag, which is wrapped with fried tofu and filled with stuffing. The fourth layer is egg dumplings, the fifth layer is braised chicken nuggets, the sixth layer is fried tofu, and the seventh layer is It is green spinach or other vegetables. It is cooked on a high fire at first, and then on a warm fire. Burn it to get the taste. The pork is burned like Dongpo meat, it melts in the mouth. When eating, eat layer by layer, and remove layer by layer." (Shi Yuangao: "Gossip about Hu Shi", "Jiu Hu Shi's Life and Entertainment", contained in Anhui "Art Tan" Quarterly Issue 2, 1982) ③ "Chronology of Mr. Zhan Tianyou", compiled by Mr. Ling Hongxun to commemorate the 100th anniversary of Zhan Tianyou's birth, and published by the "Chinese Society of Engineers" in Taipei in January 1961.Hu Shi's preface, written on November 19, 1960, was published in Taipei "Works" Volume 1, Issue 12, and was published on December 1 of the same year. ④Shangzhuang, also known as Shangchuan, used to belong to Longjing Township, Badu, Beixiang, Jixi County, but now belongs to Shangzhuang Township.It is 39 kilometers west of the county seat, and the existing road is accessible. On June 20, 1985, the author, accompanied by Comrade Yan Zhenwu, vice chairman of the Jixi County Political Consultative Conference, drove from the county seat to Shangzhuang for a field inspection.This proves what Hu Shi himself said, "My family has lived in the countryside for generations, and my former residence is about 50 li north of Jixi City" (see "Hu Shi's Oral Autobiography"). The second is "about 50 li", with an error of 28 li, which is obviously an extremely inaccurate estimate of the roads in mountain villages in the past.Many of Taiwan's writings about Hu Shi are mostly caused by this. (Note: After the book was published, Mr. Fang wrote a letter from the Chengji River Classic, saying that the old roads were not opened, and the winding mountain trails that people walked were about 50 miles away. Supplementary notes for the third edition.) ⑤ Wu Zhuo (Zhuo'an), a native of Jingxian County, Anhui Province, when he was in Guanjixi, wrote "Reconstruction of Qishuntang Ji" for the second branch of the Hu family in Shangzhuang. It is also a place to live. Its mountains are clear and spacious, its waters are surrounded by seclusion, and its customs are filial and friendly, simple and sincere, modest and polite." Collected by Jixi County Cultural Bureau) ⑥ Regarding the ancestor of the Hu clan in Shangzhuang, there were also disputes within the Hu clan.Hu Shi's father, Hu Chuan, once wrote "Subenlu", the preface of which reads: "My family's old genealogy records that the first ancestor was the prince of Tang Zhaozong, who avoided the chaos of Zhu and Wen, and changed his surname to Hu; The deeds are not found in the history books, and they are similar to the records of the first ancestor of the Zeng family, Guanneihou. Therefore, I wrote "Subenlu", which is based on the old genealogy, and also refers to the examples of the ancestors of the Zeng family. I have rebuilt the family tree and cut off two Those who have been granted titles in the world, and have played their own minds, saying that there must be no such thing as titles, and whoever writes and argues against the old genealogy, his knowledge may not be as good as Zeng Wenzhenggong, Zeng Zi of the Song Dynasty, and Zeng Wenzhenggong today, and it is also seen that he does not know how to measure his ears. "Wenyuan" under the first volume of "Shangchuan Mingjing Hu's Genealogy", collected by the Cultural Bureau of Jixi County. The original text has no punctuation.) ⑦ "Three Hus of Jixi", Liang Qichao said in the article "Geographic Distribution of Learning Style in Qing Dynasty", "Hu Puzhai (Kuang Zhong) of Jixi was born as a friend of Yongqian, and his learning is very similar to that of Shuangchi Shenxiu. (Pei ), Ziji (Pei Department). Bamboo is as famous as Humozhuang (Chenggong) in Jingxian County.Mo Zhuang also moved to Jing by himself.It was called 'Jixi Sanhu' at that time.Zhu Shanzhi's "Rituals" is a new collection of carefully revised Dongyuan Yichou Xizhai's second work, and it is called "Rituals and Justice".Mo Zhuang also ruled "Rituals", and there is "Rituals, Ancient and Modern Texts and Shuyi".The most famous one is "Mao Shi Hou Jian".There are many talents in Jixi, and recently Hu Shizhi (Shi) said. "According to this, it refers to Hu Kuangzhong, Hu Peiyu, and Hu Chenggong, all of whom were famous sinologists in the Qianjia period of the Qing Dynasty. In "Introduction to Academics in the Qing Dynasty", Liang Qichao also said: "After the Jixi Zhuhu, there was Hu Shi, who also used the Qing Confucianism method to study, and had the legacy of the orthodox school." (Beijing Zhonghua Book Company, October 1954, page 6) Liang These words link Hu Shi with the "Jixi Hus" and "Three Hus". Although they do not necessarily mean that they belong to the same clan, they also raise doubts. Mr. Cai Yuanpei said in the preface to Hu Shi's "Outline of the History of Chinese Philosophy": "Mr. Shizhi was born in the Hu family of Jixi who handed down 'Sinology' from generation to generation, and he is endowed with the inheritance of 'Sinology'"; "Letter" also said "Hu Jun's family background Sinology".It is obvious that Hu Zhuan was regarded as a descendant of the same clan of the above-mentioned "Jixi Hus" and "Three Hus". Hu Shi was mistakenly assigned as someone else's descendant, and he himself did not come out to verify and correct it.It was not until 40 years later that he "corrected by the way" when dictating his autobiography. (See "Hu Shi's Oral Autobiography", translated and annotated by Tang Degang, Taipei Biographical Literature Publishing House, 1981 edition, pages 4-5) It turns out that there are three families of the Hu family in Jixi: "Jinzihu", "Shangshu Hu", and "Mingjing Hu".Hu Peiyu and other "Three Hus" belong to the "Golden Purple Hu" who lived in Jixi City for generations; Hu Shi's family lived in Shangzhuang for generations. "Mingjing Hu".They are not of the same clan. (Note: Brother Yan Zhenwu of Chengjixi copied the "Zhaolinggong Biography" of "Jinzihu Family Tree" and sent it: "The Hu family in the east of the city, handed down Confucian classics from generation to generation, such as Kuang Zhonggong's "Yili Shiguan", Bingqiangong's "Shuo "Wen Guanjian", "Ancient Rhyme Shuo", and "Ritual Justice" written by Pei Yugong were also prominent at that time." According to this, the "Three Hus of Jixi" should be Hu Kuangzhong, Hu Bingqian, and Hu Peiyu. See also "Jixi Hu's Bibliography" edited by Hu Pei, published by Jiashen Shize Building in the 10th year of Guangxu period, collected by Jixi County Cultural Museum. Supplementary notes for the third edition.) ⑧Hu Chuan supplementaryly conferred the magistrate of Taitung Zhili Prefecture in the 20th year of the Guangxu reign of the Qing Dynasty (1894).His great-grandparents, grandparents, and parents were all awarded for this.In the genealogy of the Hu family, it is Da Deng's "edict", which he regards as the greatest glory.There are five orders for Hu Chuan to be awarded to his ancestors because he was an official.The words are all stereotyped, tasteless; but it is difficult for young people today to see this kind of wonderful writing, so one of them is recorded as follows: Presented as a gift to Hu Ruijie, a doctor of Tongyi, and his wife's imperial order to carry forward the emperor's order: Jiamo Yiye, Yunzhao Shide's special favor, the great-grandson of Xigong Dynasty Yizhan (press, this sentence is suspected to be wrong), Cheng Xinwo , with the hub Nang emblem.Erhu Ruijie, the third rank alternate magistrate, the great-grandfather of Hu Chuanzhi, Zhili prefecture, Taitung, Taiwan. .Yi Mo is outstanding, En Shi is then arrested, I hereby present Qin En as a general counselor, Xi's imperial order, Yu Xi, four generations of prosperity, long-term gathering of stars and virtues, Jiuquan can be used, and the glory of commending life will always be inherited , the national code of honor, the family tradition is invigorated. Zhi said: Suirou Zuozhi, since he was favored by foreign bureaucrats, he was chaste and obedient, and he was favored by Ned.Special application benefit, use broadcast badge.Er Shi is the great-grandmother of Hu Chuan, the prefect of Chihli Prefecture, Taitung, Taiwan, who is serving as an alternate magistrate of the third grade. Yigu's plan is to allow you to be the mother's rite, and to show the national codes frequently. I hereby give you Qin En as a kind person.Yuxi, Jiuchong Xiqing, invited the praise of Dan Gao, the fourth generation of grace, and glowed with the color of Zhu Lun, frequently promulgated orders and asked questions, and used the elucidation of the dark light. The treasure that was ordered on August 16, the 20th year of Guangxu ⑨ see page 4 of "Hu Shi's Oral Autobiography"; , Shanghai Yadong Library, first edition in September 1933, pages 46, 67, 76-77. ⑩ See "Prologue of My Mother's Engagement" in "Forty Self-Reports", Shanghai Yadong Edition, p. 3. Mr. Shi Yuangao said in "Gossip about Hu Shi": "Now what I want to talk about is the death of Hu Shi's father. This is a century-old mystery, that is: did he die of illness in Xiamen, or did he shed blood on the battlefield and sacrificed heroically?" ?This mystery has not been solved until today. I am writing a special letter here. He is a patriotic hero who died fighting for the resistance against Japan.” (in the first issue of "Yitan" Quarterly, 1981) Mr. Shi's evidence is that During the ten-year catastrophe, the "rebels" once dug up Hu Chuan's tomb, but no skull was found in the coffin. Mr. Shi's view is contrary to Hu Shi's own statements in "Forty Self-Reports", "Mother's Notes" and "Hu Shi's Oral Autobiography".When the author went to Shangzhuang, Jixi, he asked Hu Kuangheng, Cao Chengdui and other cadres and villagers of Shangzhuang Township about this matter, as well as Mr. Hu Lefeng, a member of the Hushi tribe.They all said that during the ten-year catastrophe, there were indeed "rebels" who dug graves, but the rumor that "the skull was not found" was still a rumor, and no one had confirmed it, so they all believed it to be unreliable. Regarding the biography of Hu Chuan, the author mostly based on the "Mr. Hu Tiehua's Family Biography" written by Mr. Zhang Jingfu (Huan Lun) (compiled by Hu Shi on January 19, 1951, "slightly added, but no major changes", published in "Two Kinds of Records in Taiwan" published by the Taiwan Provincial Documentation Committee in Taipei is the "preface"; Li Ao's "Hu Shi's Commentary Biography", Taipei Vision Publishing House, September 1979, third edition, page 24-30, full text of the appendix), written by Hu Jinren (Xiangmu) "The family biography of Tiehua Hu Gong, the former magistrate of Zhili Prefecture, Taitung, Taitung, Taiwan, awarded to Dai Hualing by the doctor of the general council of the imperial court" (contained in "Shangchuan Mingjing Hu's Genealogy", collected by the Cultural Bureau of Jixi County).These two family histories all say that Hu Chuan died of illness in Xiamen, which is consistent with what Hu Shi said. The author has an article "On the Death of Hu Shi's Father", which is devoted to this matter, and it was published in "Anhui Historiography" No. 3, 1992. You can refer to it. (Supplementary notes to the third edition)