Chapter 36 Struggle (11)

Mao and Zhu could have beaten Chiang Kai-shek, but fighting off 28 Bolsheviks is another matter. 1931 was a mixed year for Mao. He put the idea of ​​people's war into practice and succeeded, but his situation in the center was very unfavorable. Due to the abnormal environment at that time, Mao also had the possibility to move freely.The headquarters of the Communist Party is far away in Shanghai, and the Soviet regime in Jiangxi is a new form of regime. It was once a kingdom of freedom and deviated from the party's norms in many ways. In 1931, the tense military atmosphere further strengthened its autonomy.

All of these can be confirmed from the First National Congress of the Chinese Soviet held in Ruijin.It was the largest meeting ever held by the Chinese Communist Party, with 610 delegates.The opening ceremony was held in the early morning of November 7, 1931, which was the 14th anniversary of the victory of the October Revolution led by Lenin. The 28 Bolsheviks exerted great influence on the Congress, but they could not control it.Mao was elected chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the Chinese Soviet Republic (a fragile regime that was expected to include a few dozen soviets in southern China), which was Mao's best title at the time.He became the head of a government that was unknown to most of China, nor the man Mao Zedong.There were two vice-chairmen beside Mao, and Zhang Guotao was one of them. The son of this landlord had never gotten along with Mao.

In Shanghai, Wang Ming and Bogu decided to consolidate the formal rule in the central government after obtaining the consent of Moscow. In 1932, they started the next step in the plan. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was moved from Shanghai to Jiangxi, the place where the spirit of the Communist Party was most vividly displayed. "From 1931 to 1934, I had no say in the central government at all." Mao later complained @. What did the 28 Bolsheviks object to Mao? Two old issues—military strategic issues and land policy issues.In backward China, the final victory of the revolution must be guaranteed by guns and peasants. The 28 Bolsheviks were not much different from Li Lisan's bookishism in terms of military thought or land policy.

In the eyes of the 28 Bolsheviks, Mao was nothing more than a peasant guerrilla fighter whose army had been corrupted by vagrant ideology.His flexible strategy and tactics: "When the enemy advances, we retreat,...the enemy retreats, we advance" In the eyes of the 28 Bolsheviks, they ignored the possession of the base area. "Take the main cities," they shouted, as if the fiasco of 1927 and 1930 had never happened. In all, the 28 Bolsheviks saw Mao as a peasant rebel like China, not as a Bolshevik-style leader of a proletarian army. In Jiangxi, Mao adjusted his land policy to the demands of the People's War. "Fish" needs "water", so we must be cautious in confiscating property, and don't make enemies of the middle peasants.The 28 Bolsheviks who grew up in the Communist monastery easily grasped the handle with their elegant hands, and Mao implemented the "rich peasant line."

The 28 Bolsheviks seem to have no memory of the first ten years of the history of the Chinese Communist Party, nor did that period leave them with any trauma.On the other hand, what they say is not false, and their criticisms are sometimes well-founded. Mao did draw some feudalism (for example, family politics) into the blueprint for governing the countryside.Mao was not yet proficient in Marx and Lenin, and there were still some ideas in his mind. Even in the use of language, Mao also launched a polemic with 28 Bolsheviks.He believes that simply translating "Soviet" (Soviet) and "Bolshevik" (Bolshevik) literally, ordinary peasants simply don't understand what they mean. Many people think that "Soviet" is a person's name, "Bolshevik", It is not familiar to the Chinese like a knife and fork.Mao always avoided using the word "Bolshevik" as much as possible, and he also found a word with specific meaning to replace "Soviet"-"Workers, Peasants and Soldiers' Congress".

However, in the eyes of the 28 Bolsheviks, Mao's actions just proved that he had an inaccurate grasp of Marxism. In 1933, Mao was relieved of his power to make policy (although he still held his government title).At this time, Chiang Kai-shek mobilized an army of no less than 400,000 people and started the fourth "encirclement and suppression" campaign, but Mao was no longer the person in charge of the counter-campaign against the "encirclement and suppression".