Chapter 140 marriage

Zhang Taiyan once said his criteria for choosing a spouse: "People marry wives for food, and I marry wives for medicine. People from the two lakes are very good, Anhui people are second, and the most unsuitable are northern women. Cantonese women can't speak, like foreigners. That is the most unbearable thing." Later Zhang Xu married Tang Guoli, who was good at poetry and prose, and although he was not from the two lakes in Zhang's ideal, he could speak the Hubei language. Before Zhang Taiyan married his wife Tang Guoli, he only married a concubine, Wang, and did not officially marry a wife.In his self-defined chronicle, there is only a simple record of this marriage: "In the eighteenth year of Guangxu, at the age of twenty-five, he took a concubine Wang." According to the "Epitaph of Mr. Zhang Taiyan in Yuhang" written by Zhang Taiyan's disciple Wang Dong It is said that Zhang Taiyan suffered from epilepsy in his early years, and he frequently talked against Manchurianism. The mother had no choice but to betroth her dowry girl to him.Because there is no matchmaker's words, it cannot be regarded as a formal marriage, but can only be regarded as a concubine.When Zhang Taiyan mentioned Wang in articles or letters, he also called her a "concubine".

In 1903, Wang's family passed away, and Zhang Taiyan was about to remarry, and an advertisement for marriage was published in Beijing's "Shuntian Times".Zhang was the first person in my country to apply for marriage in the newspaper.According to the records in Japanese Takeda Hee's "Zhang Binglin's Marriage" and Takada Jun's "Zhang Binglin Biography", the conditions for Zhang Taiyan's marriage proposal are roughly as follows: 1. Only women from Hubei are limited; Lady; 4. You must be born in a school, both parties are equal and free, respect each other, and maintain virtue; 5. Oppose foot-binding women. After the death of the husband, you can remarry, and if the husband and wife do not get along, you can divorce.

After Zhang Taiyan's marriage advertisement was published, there was an uproar for a while, and it was spread as a legend.Newspapers from all over the country rushed to reprint the report, and the chapter "After the death of the husband, you can remarry if you don't obey the rules", which is considered by many people to be ridiculous. It is said that Zhang Taiyan had a good impression of Hubei women because he was very fond of Wu Shuqing, a Hubei woman who graduated from a girls' school. Someone told him that Wu also had a good impression of him, but the matter was finally dropped.Japan's "China Literature Daily" reported in August 1936: "Ms. Wu Shuqing, 19 years old, volunteered to join the revolutionary army. She was called a revolutionary woman and was a sensational news figure at that time. She wanted to be Zhang Binglin's partner and expressed her love. Zhang Seeing this situation, Li Yuanhong is willing to be a matchmaker. Zhang's priority is revolution, and marriage is the second priority, and it has not become a fact." After being rejected, Wu Shuqing published "Wu Shuqing's Vote for the Army" in "Minli Daily" and said: " ... Although Yusheng has little knowledge, he knows a thing or two about state affairs, and now he is not afraid of the difference between men and women. I hope that the 400 million compatriots in our country will work together to take up the responsibility of revitalizing the human rights of the great Chinese and carrying forward the glory of the descendants of the Yellow Emperor ..." (Original in Japanese, translated by Chen Cunren)

Zhang Taiyan's wife Tang Guoli, styled Zhiying, was smart and studious since she was a child, and she studied in a private school for two years. At the age of 23, Tang Guoli was influenced by the new revolutionary thought, declined the matchmaker, and entered Shanghai Wuben Girls' School.The villagers regard her as a strange woman.Tang got acquainted with Zhang Jingzhuang, the daughter of Zhang Jian, and Zhang Mojun, the daughter of Zhang Tongdian, at school. They often discussed world affairs together, and they were quite masculine. In 1907, Tang graduated with the first honors, taught at Wuxing Girls' School, and later served as the principal of the school. In the autumn of 1911, Tang and her classmates Zhang Mojun and Tan Sheying organized a women's Northern Expedition team to respond to the revolution.Later, under Sun Yat-sen's instructions, he founded Shenzhou Girls' School and Shenzhou Daily in Shanghai with Zhang, Tan and others.

Tang Guoli is good at poetry and Fu. Zhang Shizhao wrote in "Mr. Uncle Taiyan's Fifty-Sixth Life Preface": "My sister-in-law, Ms. Tang Guoli, has colorful diction and is full of talent. Hidden by my brother, I am gentle, diligent and considerate to my master, and I am not happy if I am not my brother." Zhang and Tang held their wedding ceremony in Hartong Garden, Shanghai in 1913.At the wedding, Zhang Taiyan, who had always been confused, had to make jokes.On the wedding day, Zhang Taiyan needed a suit and leather shoes.Zhang always wore cloth shoes, but he didn't know how to put on leather shoes, so he couldn't tell the right from the left, and put the shoes on backwards. The guests laughed wildly when they saw this.

Chen Cunren once asked Xu Fu about Zhang Taiyan's marriage. Xu Fu said that the wedding in Hartong Garden was negotiated between Wumu Mountain Monk (Zong Yang) and the owner of the garden, a wealthy British Jewish businessman, Hartong.Tang Guoli did not wear formal clothes, but casual clothes. Zhang Taiyan was wearing a strange clothes found somewhere (according to Chen Cunren, it was Ming Dynasty clothes), and an extremely tall top hat. When walking, he was shaking his hands. , even Sun Yat-sen laughed from ear to ear.The master of ceremonies shouted and bowed three times, and the top hat fell to the ground twice, causing the audience to roar with laughter.

After the wedding, Hartung originally wanted to use his car to send Zhang and his wife to "Yipinxiang" to hold a wedding feast to thank relatives and friends.Zhang Taiyan declined, jumped into the carriage of an unknown friend, and went straight to "Yipinxiang". "Yipinxiang" has two departments, one is the tourism department, and the other is the big restaurant. I don't know Zhang.After getting out of the car, he looked around and didn't know which door to go in. Fortunately, "Yipinxiang" boss Xu was waiting at the door, so he took the couple in. One was arranged in the bride's room, and the other was welcomed into the dining room. The coachman didn't get a single red envelope, so Boss Xu paid for it.

Combining the newspaper reports and some written records at the time, Zhang Taiyan and Tang Guoli's banquet at the "Yipinxiang" restaurant is roughly as follows: Zhang and Tang have a banquet in the Yipinxiang hall, with more than a hundred guests. The seats are arranged for the bride and female guests on the left, and the groom and male guests on the right.During the banquet, a lady proposed to ask the bride and groom to play games in public: First, the groom composes a poem impromptu, limited to 30 minutes, otherwise he will be fined 10 glasses of wine.After this game was put forward, the male guests believed that in order to show fairness, after the groom finished singing, the bride must sing in unison. If the bride failed to sing within a short time, it is okay to record an old song.Second, write 8 two-inch square characters on a white cardboard, and ask the bride and groom to identify them at a distance of one foot and five feet away.If you can't recognize it, you will be punished with alcohol.Third, ask the bride and groom to tell a joke each. If three of the guests don’t laugh, they will be fined a glass of wine, and if more than five people don’t laugh, they will be fined to sing a song.After the rules of the game were put forward, 2 people were dispatched from the female guest seats to supervise the timing.

Zhang Taiyan composed an impromptu poem within 20 minutes, saying: "Although I was born as a meager meter, I also know that the world is wide. Vibrating clothes and crossing high hills, attracting the end of the king's cloud." The bride is invited to write a poem. Ask him to record an old work.The bride chanted casually: "I was born indifferent to Xipengmen, and I carried my books and swords with me to hide in a small village. I left my body and bones to be suitable for every encounter, and I didn't have the arms to shout to others. To kill the rest of my aspirations, I declined the world to comfort my soul. Looking back on the old troubled places, The poor generations are still alive." Everyone praised unanimously.

Then, the representatives of the two factions of men and women drafted the words to be written, and the words were "Zhang Tong, Tang Yang, Guo Yuan, Bing Bing", and Zhang Taiyan was asked to identify them.Because Zhang is short-sighted, I asked this question to test his eyesight.Zhang Ben misunderstood the word, but unexpectedly a disciple came forward and whispered, and Zhang was able to pass the test.After the female guests found out, there was an uproar, and they attacked the disciple and ordered Zhang to drink eight cups of wine, but halfway through the drink, Huang Jigang and Wang Xuchu, disciples of Zhang's sect, rushed to drink instead.

When it was his turn to tell jokes, Zhang couldn't figure it out, and finally he could only say: "I read it, and it seems close to Mr. Jia Er when he is telling jokes." Only a few people laughed.When it was the bride's turn, she thought for a long time, but she couldn't speak, so four female disciples sang instead. In the end, everyone unanimously asked Zhang Taiyan to compose a poem to thank Yuelao Zhang Baichun.Zhang Taiyan then chanted: "Dragon and snake prosper the mainland, clouds and rain lead to rivers and rivers. The tortoise and mountains are steep in the extreme, and now there is an axe." After hearing this, everyone praised them unceasingly. Zhang Taiyan and Tang Guoli were introduced to each other, but the versions of the introducers were inconsistent. Some said it was Zhang Bochun, some said it was Cai Yuanpei, and others said it was Zhang Ji and Shen Hefu. According to Tang Guoli’s own recollection: “I am from Wuzhen, Wuxing, Zhejiang. In 1913, when I was 30 years old, I was introduced by Mr. Zhang Bosheng (Chun), the father of Zhang Mojun, a classmate of Shanghai Wuben Girls’ School, and a member of the alliance. , married Zhang Taiyan." Feng Ziyou's "Revolutionary History" records that the introducers are Zhang Ji, Shen Hefu.Shen is Tang Guoli's fellow townsman, and he and Zhang Ji introduced them together.On the day of Zhang and Tang's wedding, Zhang Ji was not present because of important matters. On this day, Sun Yat-sen, Huang Xing, Chen Qimei and others all went to congratulate in person, so Hardong Garden was heavily guarded.Shen Hefu is a scholar of Wu Xing, a bit rustic, seeing the majestic front gate of Aili Garden, he was already very timid, and Shen Hefu spoke Huzhou dialect, which Xu Fu of Si Yan couldn't understand, so Xu Fu thought he was a strange visitor, Refuse to let it in.After waiting for a long time, neither of the two introducers showed up, so the organizer had no choice but to temporarily recruit someone to act as the introducer, and the wedding ceremony was completed. One month after the marriage, Zhang Taiyan bid farewell to his new wife in a hurry, and went north to find Yuan Shikai to settle accounts, but was placed under house arrest by Yuan Shikai.After Zhang Taiyan was trapped, he repeatedly asked for a quick death, and his eldest daughter hanged herself to death. Tang Guoli felt extremely sad. After Zhang Taiyan was placed under house arrest, Tang Guoli once called Yuan Shikai directly, asking Yuan to release Zhang Taiyan: "My husband is aloof by nature, and he has long been favored by President Haihan. Staying in Beijing is all out of his kindness. But the old servant was expelled, communication was difficult, and he lived in Longquan. There is no interest in life. I beg for consolation, give freedom, give food, and save my life. Li married for one year, vowed to be a hundred years old, tied the ring and tied the grass, and the picture will be reported in the day..." Later, Tang Guoli wrote to Secretary of State Xu Shichang: "My husband likes to talk about gains and losses, but he doesn't know taboos. He speaks lightly, but there is nothing in his heart. Since ancient times, literati have accumulated habits, like to go against the trend, the more difficult the situation, the more crazy the speech, Qu Zi Anxiety and indignation are parting ways, Jia Sheng cried bitterly, and died young, which is sad. If my husband dies in misfortune, his life is like a feather, and I am afraid of rumors on the road, everyone is short of breath, and becomes the burden of the great president Shengde Ear!... But Xiangguo mourns and sympathizes with him, and begs for his husband to return home as soon as possible, so that he can lie in the fields and study to nourish his energy. It is also a great event for thousands of years. When the maidservant has a chance, Yi should persuade Dumen to hand over lightly. In case the husband does not know how to repent, he will return to cruelty, saw the sword, the ax and the axe, and the family will be willing to share it." Zhang Dao, the son of Zhang Taiyan, wrote in "Recalling Some Things About Zhang Taiyan Before and After the Revolution of 1911": "When he (Zhang Taiyan) married his first mother, the house was full of guests. The marriage was witnessed by Cai Yuanpei, and Mr. Zhongshan came to congratulate him. But the family was very happy. Simple, with only a white wooden square table and four long wooden benches, other furniture and furnishings in the new house were rented from outside. After only a month of marriage, my late father went north alone and was imprisoned. After Yuan Shikai died, he was released and returned home. After living for less than a month, he went to the Southwest and Nanyang to fight for revolutionary forces. He went there for nearly half a year. When he returned from Nanyang, he left home to participate in the Dharma protection war and went to Guangzhou with Mr. Zhongshan to organize the Dharma protection army. The government did not return home until one year and three months later. Every time my mother recalled this, she would always sigh, saying that my father only had a country in his heart, but no home.” Tang Guoli felt aggrieved about marrying Zhang Taiyan. She said: "About choosing Zhang Taiyan as a partner, there are a few things that are not suitable for a young woman. One is that she is ugly, and the other is that she is too old (15 years older than me) ), and thirdly, he was very poor. However, for the sake of the revolution, he cut off his braids in order to show his rejection during the Qing Dynasty’s rule. It is achievable. I thought that after marriage, I could ask him for advice on learning at any time, so I agreed to the marriage." Zhang Taiyan was so poor that he even used medals for the betrothal gift. Tang Guoli recalled: "At that time, when we were going to get married, the man had to give four-color betrothal gifts first. For a prestigious person like Taiyan, the betrothal gifts should not be light, but he only knew how to make trouble. Revolutionary, life has not been rich, so I also used a medal I received as a betrothal gift to fill up the four colors." After Yuan Shikai's death, Zhang Taiyan regained his freedom. Tang Guoli followed her husband to participate in social activities and became Zhang's right-hand man. After the "September 18th" Incident, Zhang and his wife went all out to mobilize the Anti-Japanese War.After the Battle of Songhu started, Tang Guoli established a hospital for wounded soldiers in Shanghai to support the 19th Route Army in the fight against Japan.Zhang Taiyan founded the Zhang's Chinese Studies Institute, and Tang Guoli served as the dean.After Zhang Taiyan died of illness, she inherited her husband's behest and insisted on running a school. She established the board of directors of Zhang's Chinese Studies Institute, served as the chairman herself, and established Zhang's library, sorted out Zhang's suicide note, and published "The Complete Works of Zhang Taiyan".After the Anti-Japanese War broke out and the workshop was forced to close down, Tang Guoli founded Taiyan College of Literature in Shanghai and served as the dean until Shanghai fell. Before the liberation of the whole country, Tang Guoli refused to accept important positions in the Kuomintang and refused to go to Taiwan.After the founding of new China, Tang Guoli served as a commissioner of the Southern Jiangsu Administrative Office, and was elected as the first people's representative of Jiangsu Province and Suzhou City. duty. During the "Cultural Revolution", Tang Guoli was hit, but thanks to Zhou Enlai's blessing, he was saved from persecution. In 1979, "The Complete Works of Zhang Taiyan" was published, and Tang Guoli's long-cherished wish for decades finally came true. On July 27, 1980, the 98-year-old Tang Guoli died of illness in Suzhou. In 1986, he was relocated to the side of Zhang Taiyan's tomb at the foot of Nanping Mountain by the West Lake in Hangzhou.