Chapter 16 integrity

After the outbreak of the Revolution of 1911, Liu Wendian returned from Japan to Shanghai, where he worked as an editor for Minli Daily, which was sponsored by Yu Youren, Shao Lizi and others, to publicize the idea of ​​democratic revolution. After the failure of the "Second Revolution", the newspaper office was shut down, and Liu Wendian was shot in the arm by plotting, but fortunately he was fine.He fled to Japan and joined the Chinese Revolutionary Party organized by Sun Yat-sen in 1914 as Sun Yat-sen's secretary.After Yuan Shikai's death, Liu Wendian returned to China. He saw warlords from all walks of life fighting in chaos, starving and dying everywhere, the national power was deteriorating, and all businesses in the market withered.Liu Wendian was very disappointed, angrily stayed away from politics, and decided to devote himself to academic research.Therefore, he was introduced by Chen Duxiu to teach at Peking University.

Liu Shipei is Liu Wendian's professional teacher, and Liu Wendian admires his teacher's knowledge very much.Liu Shipei later betrayed the revolution and defected to the Qing court, and later supported Yuan Shikai to proclaim himself emperor. From then on, Liu Wendian seldom interacted with him, and rarely mentioned Liu in his speech. On June 11, 1919, Chen Duxiu was arrested. The academic circles, regardless of faction, actively rescued him and jointly signed a letter requesting Chen Duxiu's release.Liu Wendian responded positively and mobilized celebrities from all walks of life (including the governor) of the Anhui Association in Beijing to actively rescue.Luo Zhanglong recorded in "Old Records of a Feeling of Red Mansions": "Although Mr. Chen was released from prison, he was in danger of being arrested again at any time. He had to hide in Mr. Liu Wendian's home."

When Liu Wendian was the president of Anhui University, one day, the Anhui Provincial Party Headquarters of the Kuomintang informed Liu Wendian that Wang, a preparatory student at Anhui University, was a member of the Communist Party and asked Liu Wendian to strictly monitor him.Because of "conclusive evidence", Liu Wendian ordered the school police to search Wang's dormitory, and found "secret documents".Liu immediately asked Wang Yuxiang from the Announcement Office to send Wang away from the school.That night, the plainclothes agents of the Kuomintang came to search for Wang, but in vain, they questioned the school.

Mr. Liu Pingzhang, Liu Wendian's second son, recalled that after the "student unrest" incident at Anhui University, Liu Wendian had a fierce conflict with Chiang Kai-shek and nearly died.After being rescued by Cai Yuanpei, Hu Shi and others, he was released, but had to leave Anhui University.At that time, Chen Lifu and Cai Yuanpei wrote to Chiang Kai-shek to recommend the unemployed Liu Wendian as the Minister of Education, but Liu Wendian categorically rejected their offer.In a later letter to Liu Pingzhang, Liu Wendian told his son the reasons for his refusal: "There are only lifelong professors but no lifelong ministers. I decided to go north to Peking University to teach."

After the "September 18th" incident, the whole country shared the same hatred.Patriotic young students in Peiping appealed on the track because of the Kuomintang government's passive resistance to Japan.Liu Wendian actively supported his eldest son Liu Chengzhang, who was studying at Fu Jen Catholic University at the time, to participate in the petition.Due to his weak constitution, Liu Chengzhang suffered from the wind and cold while lying on the rails. Unfortunately, he fell ill and died after returning from the petition. After Liu Chengzhang's death, Liu Wendian was very sad, which added to his hatred of the Japanese.Every time in class, Liu will first talk about "the danger of the country" to arouse the patriotic enthusiasm of the students. "Professor Impressions" records: "However, there is one more thing that can make us pay great respect to Mr. Liu, and that is Mr. Liu's enthusiasm for patriotism. There is no other person in the school! Last year, the Great Wall war was very fierce. Every time Mr. Liu attends a Chinese class, he spends part of his time telling us about the dangers of the country with a mournful face, and telling us to get up and study Japan."

In 1931, after Liu Wendian yelled at Chiang Kai-shek, Chen Jitang, a Cantonese warlord who had always opposed Chiang Kai-shek, repeatedly invited Liu to go to Guangdong to conspire in the great cause, and sent a lot of money to invite him.Liu Wanyan refused, returned the huge sum of money, and sighed: "At the time when the Japanese invaded China, the mountains and rivers were broken, and the country was in great distress, we should unite and fight against Japan. How can we ignore the enemy and engage in melee wars between warlords? If there is no skin, How will Mao be attached?" After the Marco Polo Bridge Incident, Liu Wendian failed to leave Peiping in time. The Japanese army learned that he had studied in Japan for many years and was proficient in Japanese. He was lured many times and persuaded him to continue teaching at Peking University.The Japanese also invited Liu's close friends and acquaintances to be lobbyists, including Zhou Zuoren.But Liu Wendian said that "scholars should cherish their own feathers" and believed that "integrity should not be stained", so he insisted on resigning.

Seeing that the persuasion was ineffective, the Japanese took strong measures and sent military police to raid Liu Wendian's home twice, and took away all the letters written to Liu by Yu Youren, Hu Shi, Chen Duxiu, Shao Lizi and others.Liu and his wife, Zhang Qiuhua, sat on chairs, "wearing cassocks, smoking with their heads raised, and glaring at each other in protest."When the Japanese asked him, Liu Wendian didn't say a word. The interpreter asked him why he didn't answer the Taijun's question, and he said angrily, "I'm ashamed to speak out!" Liu Wendian's fourth brother, Liu Guanting, originally lived in the same apartment with him. After the fall of Peiping, Liu Guanting went into the water and went to work for the puppet government in Eastern Hebei one day.Liu Wendian was very angry when he learned about it, and "did not eat with Guan Ting" on the grounds of illness, and later said that "the upstart's messy contacts are not conducive to writing books", refused to live with him, and expelled him to move.

At the end of 1937, with the help of his friends, Liu Wendian traveled thousands of miles, traveled by sea to Hong Kong and Vietnam via Tianjin, and arrived at Southwest Associated University in a few months.Along the way, he repeatedly recited Wen Tianxiang's poem in his heart: "The heart of the minister is a magnetic needle, and he will not give up unless he is guided." When he arrived in Mengzi, Yunnan, and the Southwest United Conference, he couldn't help crying. Shi joked: "This is the only clothes left!" Later, he said in a letter to Mei Yiqi: "Dian went to the sea and ran south at the age of 19, and he really had the determination to sacrifice his life. The hardships and dangers were not counted."

On May 22, 1938, when Mei Yiqi saw the dusty Liu Wendian appearing in front of him, tears almost welled up in his eyes.At that time, Liu Wendian's hair was already a little gray, and he was wearing a worn-out blue cloth gown. The cuffs and neckline were covered with oil stains, making it shiny black.A small bundle slung over his shoulder was all his luggage. According to Wu Xiaoling's recollection, he arrived in Kunming later than Liu Wendian, and when Liu saw him, he inquired about Zhou Zuoren.Wu said that Zhou did not come out on the pretext of "there are still young and old in the family". Liu Wendian said angrily: "Even I, an opium-smoking 'Eryun layman', came here. He has read a lot of books, how can he not cherish it like that?" Feathers!"

After Liu Wendian arrived at the United Nations University, he wrote to his wife Zhang Qiuhua: "Is there any article that lasts forever, let alone when will I return?" A few months later, Zhang Qiuhua and his second son Liu Pingzhang brought Liu Wendian's four precious books. , materials, and was transferred to Yunnan via Hong Kong.After arriving in Hong Kong, but because the books and materials could not be carried, they were stored in Hong Kong, and unfortunately they were looted by the Japanese.Liu Wendian said sadly in class that all my private books have been lost, and the materials are gone, so I will give you what is in my mind!He gave many open-air speeches on "the danger of the country", talked about the "sinister intentions" of the Japanese invaders, and talked about the importance of Chinese culture. He also asked the students to concentrate on studying Japan and learn more about the Japanese nation.

During the Anti-Japanese War, Liu Wendian not only called on others to study Japan, but also devoted himself to translating the "Report to the Japanese Nationals" written by the Japanese Army Minister Sadao Araki. late at night.According to a student's recollection: "Mr. Liu was working on translating the "Report to the All Japanese Citizens" written by the Japanese Army Minister Sadao Masugi. One day when he was studying Chinese, he was so exhausted that he could barely speak. He said it was because of the translation last night. The book didn't rest until three o'clock in the night. I heard Mr. Liu's words, and tears really came out of my eyes." Liu Wendian adhered to the principle of knowing oneself and knowing the enemy, and has been devoting himself to the study of Japan. In 1942, he wrote the article "The Most Scary Thing Between Heaven and Earth—I Don't Know", firmly believing that Japan must be defeated and China must win.