Chapter 10 lifelike

Chinese characters are pictographs.The American poet Pound said that "Chinese is inherently poetic".However, when Pound said this, Mr. Fu Sinian of China was saying impassionedly: Chinese is barbaric and should be abolished.China's backwardness is due to the barbarism of the Chinese language (to the effect). The year is 1919. However, the Chinese language has not disappeared. In China and overseas, more than one billion Chinese still use Chinese. However, the taste of Chinese is beginning to deteriorate.In the past, she was "the ruler of the sky", extremely exquisite and lively, but after the "May 4th Movement", the invasion of Western grammar, the so-called "Europeanized language" appeared, neither Chinese nor Western, neither native nor foreign, and it was boring to read. Disgusting.Many new literature and art writers have such problems, and the atmosphere of the times is so, no wonder who.

Jin Yong is a genius, he uses authentic Chinese literary language. "The characters in Jin Yong's novels are superb Chinese characters." (Ni Kuangyu) Heidegger said, "Language is life, consciousness, and the house of existence." In fact, language is also the crystallization of a nation's culture and the storehouse of a nation's collective consciousness. Jin Yong's language and writing have activated the regeneration power of Chinese characters in modern times and redisplayed the meaning and rhyme of Chinese characters. Let’s look at a dialogue between the Six Immortals of Peach Valley in the fourteenth chapter:

In this text, if we try to delete one of the characters, we can see whether the language is still clear, or whether the writing style is smooth or not? It is not easy to temper Chinese characters to this level.In particular, it is even more difficult for Jin Yong to write about love, scenery, humor, resentment, state of the world, rivers and lakes, and official copy... all of which can be vividly portrayed. Many of his chapters and fragments are really like a magical pen, which makes people endlessly admirable and memorable, but it is a pity that they cannot be listed here one by one. There is no novel without characters.

Whether a character stands up or not depends on the depth of the writer's observation and experience of life, as well as his writing skills. The important reason for its lasting fame is that the characters in it are endlessly talked about. Lin Daiyu, Xue Baochai, Jia Baoyu, Jia Zheng, etc., all of them contain some ordinary aspects of human nature, as if we can see them everywhere in our lives. ,feel.Lu Xun's reputation is not unrelated to Ah Q's success. Jin Yong also created some characters who are always worth talking about and can never be talked about endlessly, just like some characters in works such as "Red Mansion", "Three Kingdoms" and "Water Margin", they have penetrated into people's hearts and become the essence of a certain character or behavior. synonym.

Boys may say: "I like girls like Xiaolongnu", "I like girls like Huang Rong". Girls may say: "I like Yang Guo", "I like Guo Jing", "I like Linghu Chong". There are also Wei Xiaobao, Duan Yu, Qiao Feng, Wang Yuyan... There are also Zhou Botong, Zhang Wuji, Zhou Zhiruo, Hu Fei... Each character represents a destiny; Every character has a relationship; Every figure is a mirror; Every character is like a drama. Jin Yong believes that in addition to good-looking characterization, readers should be moved and unforgettable, impressive and vivid, because the purpose of the novel is to reflect life, and he has indeed achieved this.

Jin Yong's heart is generous and compassionate, and he never simply divides the characters in his works into "righteous", "evil", "good" and "evil" categories.When those villains did not appear, there was a lot of condemnation in the world, but when they did appear, people always felt that they were still cute, not useless, and could not be completely denied.And decent characters also have various weaknesses, which make them appear more flesh and blood, real and believable. "In this society, it is also difficult to say who is 100% good or bad. Bad people also have good elements, and good people also have bad elements. ... The author is considering real issues." (Jin Yongyu)

There is no absolute "good" and no absolute "evil".In Jin Yong's book, even a recognized "evil person" may do it for his own good reasons when he engages in an "evil thing", whether it is ridiculous or irritating or sad or hateful.And the so-called "good people", even if they have "good" motives, may not necessarily lead to "good" endings or effects. Therefore, the characters in Jin Yong's works are rarely purely good or bad.He has insight into all the mysteries of human nature, as well as the conflicts and contradictions of human nature itself.He describes all living beings in the dark with a tolerant and understanding attitude.In this regard, Jin Yong's works are by no means comparable to those "popular novels", nor can they be covered by the so-called "serious literature".

Milan Kundera said that the responsibility of a novelist is to tell people that life is not what they see, no, under the surface of life, there is an indescribable complexity, beyond our general ethics, laws, etc. judgment. Jin Yong undoubtedly fulfilled this responsibility very well.Just one Wei Xiaobao can explain the problem very well.Wei Xiaobao aroused two diametrically opposed views in the minds of readers: one was that Wei Xiaobao had reached the highest state of life; the other was that Wei Xiaobao was a complete rascal.In fact, Wei Xiaobao is Wei Xiaobao, a character who contains a Chinese character with a strong sense of history.Such an aesthetic image cannot be judged by ethical standards.The issues involved in this image itself are probably related to the shaping of personality by Chinese Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, and the national character of the Chinese people. It is enough to write a monograph to discuss it.

As far as the creation of characters is concerned, it is absolutely impossible to classify Jin Yong's works as general popular literature.Judging from the ability to create characters, Jin Yong's novels are definitely the handwriting of a master, and they are real literature. In general popular novels, good guys and bad guys, decent and villains, good and evil, right and wrong, are clearly distinct and cannot be confused.But in the pen of the great writer, it is not like this. The whole complexity of life is revealed, good and bad are hard to distinguish, good and evil are difficult to distinguish, good and bad are difficult to understand.

When Tolstoy wrote it, the original idea was to write Anna as an immoral woman.But, writing, writing, he changed his original thought. When he kept exploring and went deep into the heart of a woman like Anna, he felt that the established moral law was powerless.Therefore, the literary image of Anna inspires readers with thousands of feelings, and I don’t know where to start, sympathy?despise?condemn?Agree?No single attitude can stand. The characters in Jin Yong's novels are generally the same, and they are not regulated by traditional or established concepts at all.Jin Yong examines human nature with keen eyes, and he feels many unspeakable difficulties and helplessness.In many of his works, he shows a kind of pain, for good and evil, for love and hate, there can never be a satisfactory explanation.And it implies that no matter how you explain it, the tragedy will still be performed from generation to generation.

Regarding Jin Yong's works' deep thinking on the complex aspects of human nature, Mr. Luo Longzhi wrote a wonderful article "On the Time of Good and Evil from "Yi Tian"": It describes a very decent character named Hong Qigong.Hong Qigong himself said that he had killed 439 people, and none of them was a villain.But I think Hong Qigong's thinking is dangerous.Because if such a person is in power, he is likely to become Hitler.Hitler also thought that the people he killed were bad guys. "Jin Yong nodded. In the novel, Cheng Kun and Xie Xun are arranged to be mentors and apprentices, and they love each other like father and son.But in order to satisfy his desire for power, Cheng Kun conspired to kill Xie Xun's family, which made Xie Xun go crazy.The sins of Xie Xun's life started from this.Xie Xun was persecuted by the Demon Sect, but Cheng Kun was a treacherous villain who went to Shaolin.How can outsiders perceive this moment of good and evil?Apart from ignorance and blindness in the decisive battle between the six major sects of the Central Plains and Mingjiao, what good and evil can there be? How does Jin Yong explain this?He said: "In the novel, what I want to write is indeed my view on life. I want to express a theme, explaining the so-called good and evil, good and bad in this world. Sometimes it is difficult to distinguish these concepts. Not necessarily all If the whole world thinks it is good, it must be good, and it does not necessarily mean that the whole world thinks it is bad, so it must be bad. At the same time, due to the influence of the environment, a person can also be good at first, and then slowly change. Bad, like Zhou Zhiruo. And Zhao Min, it’s the other way around. Originally bad, because of the environment, it became better later....Life doesn’t necessarily mean that good will be rewarded with good, and evil will be rewarded with evil. Good people and bad people are clearly distinguished. Life is actually It is very complicated, fate and encounters are ever-changing, if it is described according to a certain pattern, life will be too simplistic.” Martial arts novels are a novel form unique to China.Some people think that Western countries also have them, such as France; Japan also has them, such as "Miyamoto Musashi".But Ni Kuang, the initiator of Jinxue, believes that only China has real martial arts novels, and the others are just similar, not authentic. In China, the history of chivalry is actually very long.Sima Qian said in "Historical Records Tai Shigong's Preface": "Save people from the disaster, shake people without supporting them, is there any benevolence? If you don't believe in it, don't backtrack, the righteous will take it." This is the germination of chivalry. "Xia" is not only a name, but also requires practical actions. A chivalry must be a chivalry in order to become a chivalry.The chivalry in martial arts novels is generally based on the traditional chivalrous spirit, which is full of romantic passion: despising life, honoring promises, eliminating the strong and supporting the weak, punishing the evil and promoting the good, defending the family and the country, and being heroic.This kind of traditional chivalrous spirit not only brings life to the chivalrous men in martial arts novels and presents them vividly in front of readers, but also makes the "chivalry culture" deeply rooted and has a long history. Jin Yong said in an answer to a reporter's question that "righteousness" is a kind of character and spirit of human beings. The so-called righteousness, or a special friendship, is a feeling that belongs to human beings.Chivalry is a rather special part of human emotion.Of course, chivalry is not only unique to China, but also exists in foreign countries.However, Chinese people seem to pay special attention to this aspect, which also has a certain social foundation and roots. Jin Yong's novels obviously raised the traditional Chinese "chivalrous culture" to a new level.He is not completely limited by the framework of "loyalty to the emperor and serving the country" and "elimination of violence and peace", but integrates the richness and multi-facetedness of life into chivalry, combining chivalry with human nature, and making his martial arts novels have a clear understanding of the characters. excavations reached unprecedented depths. "Heroes of Heroes" are the most glorious group of characters created by Jin Yong, such as Chen Jialuo, Yuan Chengzhi, Hu Fei, Guo Jing, Yang Guo, Zhang Wuji, Qiao Feng, Linghu Chong, etc. He wrote each one more profound and complex. , and each one is more tragic than the other. However, after Qiao Feng, Jin Yong's "chivalry" became less and less, and more of them were "real people", showing a tendency of "non-chivalry".Chen Mo described the trajectory of Jin Yong’s changes as follows: The protagonist's "chivalry is gradually fading, and evil is growing", and he is getting farther and farther away from the typical model of chivalry. The "commonness" of the protagonist's image is getting less and less, and the individuality is becoming more and more prominent. The power of the protagonist's ideas is getting smaller and smaller, while the constraints of real social conflicts and the social environment are getting bigger and bigger. The protagonist's idealism is getting weaker and weaker, while his reality and meaning are getting stronger and stronger. The protagonist's personality strength is becoming more and more complex, and there are more and more inner self-contradictions and conflicts. To put it simply, it is the hero of justice - the hero - the middle man - the little man - the non man - the anti man. This process also reflects Jin Yong's understanding of life and the world: from Confucianism to Taoism, from Taoism to Buddhism, and the penetration of Buddhism in his works became more obvious later.Buddhism talks about emptiness, illusion, and extinction. It also talks about cause and effect, compassion, and transformation.All these make Jin Yong's "chivalry" contain deeper and broader content. After great wisdom comes great mediocrity, so after that, Jin Yong categorically announced that after closing his pen, the hero abandoned his sword and returned home, and went to study Buddhism in depth to seek positive results. This has quickly killed a large number of Jin Yong fans.Mr. Dong Qianli, a historical novelist, once volunteered to ask Jin Yong on behalf of readers: "Refill the wine and re-open the banquet, and challenge yourself." But Jin Yong already understood that it was impossible for him to make new breakthroughs.He said that he likes constant experimentation and changes, and hopes that the plot, characters, and writing style will be different, and that he cannot repeat the novels he has written.Now I can't make new tricks, so I won't write. Some readers also understand very well, "However, we would like to thank Mr. Dong Qianli for his kindness, just like the Venus of Minos, if the arm is not broken, where should her hands be placed?" (Liu Xinfengyu) Mr. Shen Junshan summed it up like this: "I think that in Mr. Jin Yong's novels, Chen Jialuo was outstanding in his calligraphy and swordsmanship period, and his talent was unrestrained. It covers the universe. When it comes to Guo Jing and Yang Guo's type of maverick, it cuts off the crowd. When it comes to Wei Xiaobao, what? He doesn’t know martial arts, he’s messed up, he’s all about stealth and abduction, but he can do whatever he wants, and the so-called drifting with the waves is very enviable. Wei Xiaobao will find it difficult to write about it in the future. When the so-called “following the waves without form” in Buddhism, people have arrived There is nothing to do in the ultimate state, so how can I write in the future?" Indeed, in fact, as long as we take a serious look back, we will find that, yes, although everyone can have their own opinions and opinions, there is one thing that resonates, that is: no matter you pick up any of Jin Yong's other thirteen novels, There will always be an unfinished feeling, as if it is just a stop in a long journey, and you have to go on after stopping, and there are more beautiful landscapes ahead.You have to go to the final berthing place, or at least the "terminal station of this train". As some readers detailed: When I was reading, I was interested in everything about Guo Jing and Huang Rong, even the smallest details.When the time came, Guo Jing still had the same demeanor, and Huang Rong was not as Jia Baoyu had ridiculed: women are priceless jewels before they marry, but after they marry and have children, they become fish eyes.But because of the appearance of Yang Guo and Xiaolongnv, he no longer cares about them.Read it again, and everything will be sentimental for Linghu Chong, but just finish reading it.The same is true of other works, readers can't wait to put themselves into it when reading, and can withdraw in time after reading.Only at Wei Xiaobao's place, the feeling of "the man is gone, but the soul is still there" lingers for a long time.What Guo Jing and others should have done but failed to do or failed to do, Wei Xiaobao may not actually do it, but it may be done in the air or in the readers' minds.It is exactly the poem: "There are no traces of wings left in the sky, and I have flown." From Chen Jialuo to Wei Xiaobao, from hero to villain, from great man to clown, from hero to anti-man, from ideal personality to real personality, from cultural praise to cultural criticism, Jin Yong also drew an almost perfect ending in Wuxia Tianya Online Library .