Chapter 60 Section five

In the spring of 1951, Zhang Zijing met her sister Zhang Ailing for the last time and asked her about her future plans.However, she stared at the wall with deep eyes, and after a long silence, she answered irrelevantly: "I don't know how to wear dull clothes like people's clothes." When Zijing came back the next year, when her aunt saw him, she said, "Your sister has already left." Then she closed the door. Since then, he has never seen his sister, nor his mother and aunt. Zhang Ailing left Shanghai for Hong Kong in July 1952, and the reason announced to the public was to "continue her studies interrupted by the war."Before leaving, I made an agreement with my aunt: no correspondence, no contact, just treat her as dead.

She probably already had a premonition that "more damage is coming", leaving is the only way, and for the sake of her aunt, it is better not to contact her. When Huang Yifan left, she also made it clear that she did not plan to come back again; she is the daughter of her mother, and she made the same choice—this steadfast determination flows in her blood and is passed on to her by her mother. It is worth mentioning that before she left, Li Kaidi came back to Shanghai and visited her apartment in Carlden. Ai Lingte went downstairs to the restaurant and ordered small dishes to treat her—she also seemed Predicting that the former guardian would become her uncle in thirty years, she congratulated her with wine in advance.

She left like this without saying goodbye to anyone—her best friend Yan Ying had already left China before her and went to Japan; One is studying engineering and the other is studying medicine. Later, someone slowly said that if Eileen Chang stayed in China, traveled to the mainland, and went through a few more years of experience, "enhancing the vitality of life that has been tortured", she might be more mature and literary; She cultivated her soil, and the text lost its watery spirit and sense of life, withered and paled, and decided that her departure was a wrong choice. But what would have happened if Eileen Chang had not left in 1952 but had stayed in China?

I don't want to make unnecessary guesses here, but just record the fate of some people who have something to do with her: ——Let’s talk about Fu Lei who once wrote the eloquent "On Zhang Ailing's Novels".He is a great translator and a meticulous scholar. He has translated thirty-three foreign literary and artistic masterpieces in his life, including fourteen novels by Balzac, Romain Rolland's "John Christopher" and about Michelangelo. , Beethoven, Tolstoy's biographies. After liberation, "out of love for him, the party mobilized him to leave his study and get in touch with the boiling life, arranged for him to participate in some important national meetings of the propaganda department, and elected him as a member of the Shanghai Municipal People's Political Consultative Conference. He complained about wasting He wasted time and work, but he still actively participated in social activities. His eyes were always in the clouds, he had strict and extreme requirements on many things, and he was outspoken and brave to offer opinions.” Such a person is destined to be unable to escape political catastrophe , He was involved in the "anti-rightist movement" as soon as it started, and wrote a lot of notes and inspections, "but he failed several inspections. He was not thinking clearly, and he was very disgusted with some excessive criticism. So he claimed to the leader: If He committed a crime and is willing to accept punishment, but he will no longer attend meetings in the future."

Ke Ling disclosed in the article "Mourning Fu Lei" that in the spring of 1958, the leader of a certain Shanghai literature and art department called him back to Shanghai and gave him a task, "persuading Fu Lei as a friend to face up to his own shortcomings and mistakes. Make a self-criticism in a realistic way." Ke Ling thought that this was a good opportunity to excuse his friend, and he could get away with it from now on, so he tried every means to persuade Fu Lei to be a gentleman who knows current affairs, but he never thought that he was being used—they just wanted to He forced Fu Lei to plead guilty, taking the title of "rightist".

Later, Fu Lei wrote in a letter to him, "In such a great era and great turmoil, sacrificing a mere Fu Lei is nothing." Then he returned to his study, Du Men thanked his guests, and continued his translation work.From 1958 to the eve of the "Cultural Revolution", translated Taine's "Philosophy of Art", Balzac's "The Rise and Fall of Sechapirodo", "The Woman Stirring Water", "The Priest of Tour" , "Pielande", re-edited - this bibliography is enough to show that he cherishes time like gold, like a Kuafu chasing the sun, because he knows that time is running out, he has to run non-stop and dare not rest for a while .

However, when the "Cultural Revolution" came, no one could live in peace and dignity, even if they hid in their study. The task of the "Cultural Revolution" is to wipe out all geniuses, all innocence, all kindness and integrity. At the beginning of the "Cultural Revolution", Fu Lei became a target.After four days and three nights of raids, kneeling as punishment, and various beatings and insults by the Red Guards, he felt that he had completely lost his dignity in life. In the early morning of September 3, 1966, the fifty-eight-year-old master translator Fu Lei swallowed a huge amount of poison while sitting on his recliner, and died after tossing and turning.Two hours later, his wife Zhu Meifu served her husband for the last time, and after she was convinced that he had definitely died, she washed her body and face, tore off two long knots from a quilt made of Pudong homespun cloth, tied them in a circle, On the horizontal frame of the iron window, she followed her husband.

——What happened to Ke Ling, who is long-sleeved, good at dancing, and cautious? He has been conscientiously listening to the party's words, thinking twice before speaking every word, and trying to speak smoothly and plainly, ambiguously.He once deleted Fu Lei's words without authorization because he was afraid that Ba Jin's image would be hurt, and because Zhang Ailing did not accept Fu Lei's opinions, he felt that she was "not very polite" and "turned far away"; a few days before Zhao Dan passed away, In the "People's Daily" wrote "Management is too specific, there is no hope for literature and art", the words are very bold and shocking: "Which writer became a writer because the party told him to be a writer? Did Lu Xun and Mao Dun really listen to the party's words? He wrote it? He wrote what the party told him to write? Then, who told Marx to write it?” “There are no good works that can’t be checked at every level, and there has never been a good work with vitality that has been censored through the ages!” He shot the case. Exclaimed, could not help quoting, but specifically noted "I do not agree with all the arguments of this article"; I dare not categorically fight for the wife's right to die" (Ke Ling "Returning to the Prime Minister to See Blood and Tears")...

Such a person who was cautious and careful at every step, was called to the Writers Association by a phone call at the same time that Fu Lei and his wife died tragically on September 3, 1966. , an environment that allows you to think about your own problems." As soon as the door opened, two armed police officers came in, supported him and got into the car.He was imprisoned in the No. 2 Detention Center on Sinan Road (it used to be a French prison for dealing with Chinese people in the Concession era), where he faced the wall for three years and spent his 60th birthday behind the cage-like iron bars. "It also implicated my wife, Guorong, who accompanied me to suffer twice and almost lost her life." "She was interrogated endlessly and forced to expose and confess. She couldn't make up my crimes, and she was unwilling to share with me. I drew a clear line. In order to maintain my innocence, I was entangled in the famous cruel game of "extorting confessions". I was almost insane. I ransacked my home again and again, broke the "four olds", robbed the house, and people with ulterior motives gloated and acted recklessly. Making trouble on the ground..." "She once cut the wrist artery, but she didn't want to leave me and struggle alone in the unclear frame, so she bandaged it herself and saved herself in a life-and-death situation."

Three years later, Ke Ling was released. "Although I was found innocent by the state's dictatorship, I was still an innocent criminal. I went to the Writers' Association to work every day, and I confessed to the inspection. Everything was as usual. I still wandered around." On the day I was released, the labor propaganda team of the Writers Association first went to Guorong and gave her a stern warning: I committed a serious crime and refused to explain it. I escaped struggle in prison. To implement mass supervision on me, she must help me to confess completely. This is obviously another heavy blow to her, pushing her into the abyss of despair. I reunited with Guo Rong, and I never thought that such a violent incident would happen to her Not only did I no longer recognize her appearance, but she also lost her ability to speak. She spoke Chinese with jerky teeth and stammered like a foreigner. She used to be talkative, but became taciturn. She also learned to smoke. , branch by branch, one after another, day and night, burying myself in the smog..." "It was almost dawn that day, and I was awakened by a blunt sound of attack in my sleep. I turned on the light and saw Guorong lying on the bed. On the couch, I covered my head with a blanket. I went over and took a look. I have never experienced such a blow in my life, and the collapse of the sky will not surprise me so much. On the paper I wrote poems, she wrote two lines :'Honey, we are innocent. I'm going first, I'm so sorry.'...The tragedy was fortunately not conceived, and new punishments were brought, because this is a heinous act of 'exterminating myself from the people'. The momentum is huge There are also a lot of sarcasm and contemptuous glances..."

——Su Qing cannot fail to mention it.After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, she was arraigned as a "falling writer". Li Wa Biography" and other plays.Among them, "Baoyu and Daiyu" performed more than 300 consecutive performances in 1954, creating the highest performance record of the troupe; in 1955, she communicated with Mr. Jia Zhifang about the "Hu Feng Incident", However, she was suspected of being a "Hu Feng element" and imprisoned in Tilanqiao Prison for more than a year, and then she fell silent in the literary world; After she was rehabilitated, she worked as a screenwriter for a small theater troupe in the district—the Hongqixi Troupe. In addition to sorting out and adapting old plays, she also wrote some new plays, but she did not write novels, essays, or Signed Su Qing, and used her real name Feng Heyi. It is said that in the last few years of her life, she always wanted to read her "Ten Years of Marriage" again, but because the book was regarded as a banned book, she couldn't ask for it; in 1982, she died alone in poverty and illness. He was sixty-nine years old.There was no mourning, no wreaths in the mourning hall, and only four or five relatives and friends came to see him off. The entire funeral process lasted only seven or eight minutes, which was very desolate. Three years later, her daughter and grandson took her ashes to the other side of the ocean—she wanted to stay in China, but in the end she still traveled across the ocean like Eileen Chang. ——There is also Guan Lu, a female writer who was as famous as Zhang Ailing and Su Qing in the old Shanghai literary world, and can be called the saddest warrior. From May 1942 to July 1945, she served as an assistant editor and editor-in-chief for the "Girl Voice" jointly organized by the Japanese Embassy in the Puppet Republic of China and the Reporting Department of the Japanese Navy in China, and wrote An essay on the subject of the speech "Sino-Japanese Women's Cultural Exchanges" at the "Second Conference of Great East Asian Literature Scholars" in Tokyo, Japan (August 25-27, 1943) I See", in which there is such a statement: "I hope that in the future, Chinese women will learn a little Japanese, and Japanese women will also learn a little Chinese, so that when they meet in the future, they can talk in each other's language." Such words and deeds are naturally escaped. Can not be "traitor" charges. However, the sad thing is that she was an underground party arranged by the "organization" to intervene in the Japanese and puppet organizations. For this reason, she broke off her love affair with Wang Bingnan, who was then serving in the Nanjing Communist Party delegation, and has been alone for life ever since.From Liberation to the Cultural Revolution, she was locked up twice by the public security organs in a single cell in Qincheng Prison, and suffered several mental disorders.In fact, her experience during the Occupation period was well known to Zhou Enlai and a large number of left-wing writers, but no one and no one was able to restore her innocence.It was not until 1982 that her thirty-seven years of ordeal finally came to an end and she was given a clean name. In the same year, in a ten-square-meter dormitory with three single beds in the Ministry of Culture, she took an overdose of sleeping pills and ended her miserable life journey at the age of seventy-five. "The quality of the clean comes and goes." However, for the word "clean", the price she paid was too high. After the film adaptation of Zhang Ailing's novel "Lust, Caution" hit the theaters, some people verified that Wang Jiazhi's prototype was Guan Lu.However, her fate is much more bleak than Wang Jiazhi's. ——Zhou Shoujuan was the first person who introduced Zhang Ailing to the Shanghai literary world. In 1963 and 1964, Zhou Enlai and Zhu De visited Zilan Xiaozhu successively.Chairman Zhu De, who loves to grow orchids, was full of praise when he saw so many bonsai and flower products in Zhou Shoujuan's house, and gave Zhou Shoujuan two pots of orchids he cultivated.Under Zhou Shoujuan's worship, he wrote two impromptu quatrains to thank Chairman Zhu: "Lanhuis compete for glory and overwhelm the public, and it is unusual to nourish orchids and trees; Yuan Rong's concern is related to the world, and he wants to enjoy the fragrance of the country together." "Snow Lan Xiahui was born in Bashu, and she is happy to see her roots come to my hometown; today, she will be cared for by Jiaqin, and the fragrance will overflow the Ailian Hall every year." However, during the "Cultural Revolution", Zhou Shoujuan and his Zilan Xiaozhu were repeatedly attacked and destroyed.Orchids have become poisonous weeds, and there is no paradise in the world.In 1968, Zhou Shoujuan committed suicide by jumping into a well at the age of 73. ——Lao She was a writer Zhang Ailing loved since she was a child. She was familiar with his "Two Horses" and "Two Horses", and discussed them with her mother.However, when the "Cultural Revolution" came, the elites in the literary and art circles were the first to suffer. On August 24, 1966, he committed suicide by throwing himself into Taiping Lake in Beijing due to unbearable persecution. ——And Shangguan Yunzhu, who starred in "Long Live My Wife", also committed suicide by jumping off a building in 1968. ——"Xiaoerhei Married" is a good movie that Zhang Ailing once recommended to her younger brother. The director of this movie, Gu Weiwei, was persecuted because he had a relationship with Jiang Qing in the 1930s and knew the history of "Lanping".Also on June 18, 1970, he hanged himself in the May Seventh Cadre School. We can even simply draw up a list of famous people who committed suicide during the "Cultural Revolution": Deng Tuo, former director of the Propaganda Department of the Beijing Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China and editor-in-chief of the People's Daily, was persecuted in May 1966 for the "Sanjia Village" unjust case. On the evening of May 17, he wrote "A Letter to the Beijing Municipal Committee" and " After reading "Farewell Letter to Wife", he hanged himself the next day and became the first martyr to fight with death in extraordinary years. Tian Jiaying served as Mao Zedong's secretary since August 1948. After liberation, he served as the director of the Secretary Office of the Central General Office, the secretary of the Chairman of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, and the deputy director of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. On the afternoon of May 22, 1966, Wang Liwai arrived at his residence in Zhongnanhai and ordered him to suspend his duties for self-reflection. He hanged himself to death the next day. Li Pingxin, historian. In 1946, he organized the China Association for the Promotion of Democracy with Ma Xulun and Xu Guangping; after liberation, he served as a professor of history at East China Normal University and was elected as the vice president of the Shanghai History Society.On the eve of the Cultural Revolution, he was besieged and persecuted, and committed suicide on June 20, 1966. Chen Xiaoyu, a famous literary critic.After liberation, he successively served as deputy editor-in-chief of "Literary Daily", editor-in-chief of "New Observation", editorial board member and director of the literary department of "People's Daily".He was criticized at the beginning of the Cultural Revolution, and because he was unwilling to be humiliated, he threw himself into the Yongding River on August 24, 1966. Chen Mengjia, archaeologist, paleographer. He began to write poems at 16, studied under Xu Zhimo and Wen Yiduo, published "Mengjia Poetry Collection" in 1931, and became one of the important members of the New Moon School.After liberation, he successively worked in Tsinghua University and the Institute of Archeology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. He served as an academic committee member of the Institute of Archeology and the deputy editor-in-chief of "Archaeology Newsletter". He hanged himself on September 3, 1966. Yan Huizhu, a famous Beijing and Kunqu opera performer.Yan Jupeng's daughter, Mei Lanfang's disciple, and Yu Zhenfei's wife.He used to be the vice-principal of the Shanghai Opera School, and was good at performing "Jade Hall Spring" and "A Dream in the Garden".During the Cultural Revolution, he was criticized and beaten, and suffered physical and mental injuries. On the evening of September 11, 1966, he committed suicide after writing three death letters one after another. Ye Yiqun, a famous literary theorist.After liberation, he served as deputy director of Shanghai Film Studio, vice chairman of Shanghai Federation of Literary and Art Circles, and vice chairman of Shanghai Writers Association. In 1966, he committed suicide by jumping off a building. Liu Pansui, an expert in the study of classical literature and a linguist. In 1925, he joined the Academy of Chinese Studies of Tsinghua University and taught under Wang Guowei, Huang Kan, and Liang Qichao; since 1946, he has been a professor of classical literature in the Chinese Department of Beijing Normal University. He committed suicide in 1966. Chen Lian, the daughter of Chen Bulei, a senior staff member of Chiang Kai-shek who is known as "literate and courageous". Joined the Party in 1939, and served as deputy director of the Education Department of the Ministry of Forestry and executive member of the All-China Women's Federation after liberation.After the Cultural Revolution began, the rebels slandered her as a traitor and a spy, and threatened to expel her from the party. On November 19, 1967, in order to show his innocence, he committed suicide by jumping from the eleventh floor. Zhao Huishen, a famous performing artist, is famous for her successful role as Fanyi in "Thunderstorm".During the Cultural Revolution, he was labeled as a "Three Anti-Party" because of the movie script "The Story of Not Afraid of Ghosts" and his family background. Mocked and insulted, he committed suicide with hatred on December 4, 1967. Luo Guangbin, who participated in the underground struggle against the Kuomintang before liberation, was a survivor of the "Chongqing Sino-US Cooperation Institute Concentration Camp".After liberation, he served as the Minister of the United Front Work of the Communist Youth League in Chongqing.The novel "Red Rock" co-authored with Yang Yiyan had a great influence.Persecuted during the Cultural Revolution, he committed suicide by jumping off a building in 1967. Yan Fengying, a performance artist, is famous for Huangmei Opera.During the Cultural Revolution, she was accused of being a "black line figure in literature and art", a "beautiful snake who propagated feudal capitalism", and a Kuomintang spy. She committed suicide on the night of April 7, 1968.After her death, she was examined by autopsy, because it was suspected that there were secret secret messages and miniature transceivers hidden in her belly. Yang Shuo, a famous writer, is still our middle school text.After the start of the Cultural Revolution, he was listed as a key object of criticism by the rebels of the Chinese Writers Association. At the end of July 1968, Yang Shuo asked to write to Chairman Mao and to talk to the leaders of the unit, but was rejected.In desperation, he committed suicide by swallowing sleeping pills on August 3. Jian Bozan, a famous historian.There are 18 works such as "Outline of Chinese History" published in the world.He once served as vice president of Peking University, member of the Department of Philosophy and Social Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, and editor-in-chief of "Journal of Peking University". On December 18, 1968, he and his wife Dai Shuwan both committed suicide. Wu Han, historian.Graduated from the History Department of Tsinghua University. After liberation, he successively served as the dean of the History Department of Tsinghua University, the dean of the Faculty of Arts, and later the deputy mayor of Beijing. Since 1959, he has written "On Hai Rui", "Hai Rui Scolds the Emperor" and Peking Opera "Hai Rui Dismissed from Office", etc., and committed suicide on October 11, 1969.His wife was sent to a labor camp by Yuan Zhenfang and died soon after; his daughter Wu Xiaoyan was also implicated in prison and committed suicide in 1976. Wen Jie, a famous writer and poet.After liberation, he served as the vice president of the Xinjiang Branch of Xinhua News Agency and the vice chairman of the Lanzhou Branch of the Chinese Writers Association.The Cultural Revolution was criticized at the very beginning. On January 13, 1971, Zhang Chunqiao and Yao Wenyuan officially served as the first and second secretaries of the Shanghai Municipal Party Committee. Wen Jie committed suicide by turning on gas after writing his suicide note that night.More than ten years later, the writer Dai Houying wrote the novel "Death of a Poet" based on this. ... There are too many people who died in vain, and people who did not die but took off half of their skin.If you want to tell their stories one by one, you really need to use an old idiom "too many books to read"-this seems to be a derogatory term, often used to describe crime, but I really can't find a more appropriate word up. I almost forgot that there was another suicidal person who was not a celebrity, that is, Hu Qi, the son of Hu Lancheng. He was born to Hu Lancheng and his first wife, Tang Yufeng. Fearing that his family background was not good and he was about to be criticized by the whole factory meeting, he committed suicide—Hu Lancheng escaped in time, and only suffered for his nephews. If Eileen Chang did not leave, such house raids, vandalism, face-to-face censorship, criticism meetings, and even reeducation through labor... would probably be unavoidable, right?And her aunt, Ms. Zhang Maoyuan, will inevitably be implicated.No wonder she said: "From now on, there is no need to communicate, just treat me as dead." In the second year after she left Shanghai, her father Zhang Tingzhong died of lung disease and was cremated in Jing'an Cemetery—he also escaped the catastrophe. As for his younger brother Zhang Zijing, he survived, and he didn't seem to have suffered any major impact.He never married, and died shortly after finishing "My Sister Eileen Chang". What would happen if Eileen Chang stayed in China?There is no need to guess, there is only bloody reality.