Chapter 30 psychological warfare

In fact, psychological warfare has always been used by chess players. The more important the game, the more obvious the effect of psychological warfare.This requires chess players to understand the opponent's psychological state as much as possible during the game, so that when the opponent wants to fight, you just move around and avoid their edge; when the opponent wants to play steadily, you provoke everywhere and create wars.In this way, the opponent will become irritable if he does not go well everywhere, and impatience is a taboo for chess players. It is said that Masahashi Hashimoto of Japan once faced an empty chessboard during a game and thought for more than an hour before making his first move.This is probably a kind of psychological warfare.On the one hand, it is to stabilize one's emotions and cultivate the belief of victory; on the other hand, it is to disturb the opponent's mind and create an unpredictable and profound atmosphere.To say that this kind of psychological warfare is really powerful enough, if I run into such a chess player who has been taking the exam for an hour or two without any mental preparation, I will probably be anxious to death.

As we all know, chess players are very reluctant to "count the second", because once they enter the "count the second", they have to make a move within one minute, otherwise they will be sentenced to lose, so the chess player failed miserably. The situation of Miao Zi, the nine-year-old chess boy Chang Hao, is not uncommon.But chess players with rich experience in actual combat can even use "countdown" as a means of psychological warfare. In the national competition in Xiamen in 1978, Chen Zude played against Liu Xiaoguang in a game like this.Halfway through the middle of the game, Liu Xiaoguang was in a good position. When it was Chen Zude's turn to play chess, he began a long test of more than an hour, carefully calculating the future changes, finalization, and ending, until the time ran out to enter "" countdown".Liu Xiaoguang, who was already in the upper hand, saw that he had "counted the seconds", and felt that the victory was in his hands, so he kept his opponent's breath, so he stepped down as fast as he could, he didn't know that he had fallen into a trap.One side took the initiative to meet the "countdown" after careful preparation, and the other side blindly sought speed without using the time. The consequences are naturally known. This game ended with Liu Xiaoguang's defeat. This is the power of psychological warfare.

Speaking of psychological warfare, there is such a joke.Li Zhongjian, a famous chess player from Heilongjiang, and a well-known chess player from other provinces played against each other in a national competition.There just happened to be a "long general" opportunity, and he used the "queen" to keep the "king".The opponent thought to himself, as long as you can't form a "general general", I will definitely win this game.As soon as Li Zhongjian hit the "general", the opponent quickly took a step to hide, hoping to move the "king" to a place where the "general" could not be reached as soon as possible.At this time, Li Zhongjian, who had already guessed the opponent's psychology, suddenly put the "queen" in the chess frame controlled by the opponent's "queen" and "called the general".Originally, this was tantamount to a suicide move. As long as the opponent's "queen" killed his "queen", the game would be over immediately.But the other party took a step away from the "king" like a conditioned reflex, and Li Zhongjian, who had been waiting for a long time, immediately ate the "queen" of the other party.The chess player was dumbfounded and had no choice but to admit that he was unlucky.When Li Zhongjian narrated this matter to me, I laughed so hard that I secretly admired his scheming, but I really can't compliment him on this method of winning chess.Although there is no way to do it, but at this level of chess, it is better to admit defeat quickly, then regroup and do another game.If you pin your hopes on the opponent's big mistakes, even if you win, you will feel like grabbing something from someone's arms.

The psychological warfare mentioned above still belongs to the category of chess skills. If it is used properly, it is indeed very effective, but it is not a real technique after all, so don't use your brains in this aspect.In addition, some chess players often intentionally or unintentionally use some "psychological warfare" that is completely outside of chess skills, which is the so-called "outside the game". For example, some people obviously think about the changes in the lower left corner during a game, but they want to stretch their heads far to the upper right corner, pretending to be desperately thinking about the upper right corner, in an attempt to create an illusion for the opponent.

Originally, it was justifiable to prevent the opponent from discovering his intentions, but it was a bit too much to use movements to disturb the opponent's line of sight.Some people will show surprise when the other party walks out, or gasp, or say "hmm" in their nostrils. "What's going on? Did I go so well that he didn't expect it, or did I surprise him because I played so badly?" The other party would become suspicious like this, and his goal would be achieved.There are also people who are clearly sitting opposite an evenly matched opponent, but he just put on a face that doesn't take the opponent seriously, wandering around the arena holding a water glass, or standing up and watching when it's the opponent's turn. Other people's chess.In this way, as long as the opponent cares, he will often get angry and get angry, and "smelly" will come out naturally.

All these kinds of performances are not beneficial to the progress of chess skills, and it is harmful to operate this skill, so it is better to change it.Looking back, it is certainly not advisable to use the practice of "writing outside the disk", but due to the "writing outside the disk" It is too sad for those who lose the chess under the influence of others.Why do you always pay attention to each other's actions and expressions?If you concentrate all your energy on the chessboard and get rid of all distracting thoughts, won't the opponent's "outside the board" be useless no matter how powerful it is?

In fact, it is the most stupid thing to always observe the opponent's expression during the game, hoping to judge whether the situation is good or bad.Unless the opponent is a novice entering chess, generally speaking, experienced chess players will not show their inner feelings on their faces.A good chess player, even if the situation is extremely critical, can also behave leisurely and without panic.On the contrary, if you do encounter an opponent who is moaning, you should be more careful. Maybe he is moaning because you can't get out of the predicament. During the game, I never pay attention to the opponent's actions and expressions, just watching the chess is enough.I remember when I learned chess from Mr. Lei Puhua, he repeatedly emphasized to me: You must have a good chess game, and if the chess quality is not correct, it will be difficult to become a master in the future.He admires chess players who "win or lose is invisible".Whenever I was elated by winning chess, I would immediately stop him with his stern eyes.Therefore, under his strict requirements, I was able to "win or lose without showing any signs" very early on, and over time, I became a veteran who was good at concealing the psychology of the game.

This situation sometimes occurs in the game. I just made a move, and suddenly found that I made a "stinky move", and I will encounter a severe counterattack from the opponent.When my opponent was thinking, although I was sitting on pins and needles and nervous like a prisoner waiting for judgment, the expression on my face remained calm.It's a pity that my ears often "leaked the secrets" to me, which I learned by accident. Once, just after the end of the game, a low-level chess player came to me and asked me if the situation was not good at a certain stage in the middle game.I was surprised, because I did have a very inconspicuous flaw in the middle game. If the opponent seized the opportunity, he might gain an advantage, but the opponent didn't notice it, and I quickly made up for it.How could he see such a subtle chance of winning at this moment?I was secretly amazed, and he told me that it was because I saw my ears turn red for a while.Only then did I know that when the situation is unfavorable, my ears will turn red, which has long been an open "secret" of the National Go Team.Especially when I played against Japanese grandmasters, if the situation was quite complicated, the teammates who watched the game would simply use whether my ears were red as a basis for judging the situation.Fortunately, the Japanese chess players don't know it yet, otherwise it would be a little troublesome.

There are also some chess players who are clear about the tricks of "outside the game" at ordinary times, but when things come to an end, they will still get angry and be deceived unconsciously.Moreover, they are easily affected by external factors, such as the competition environment is not very quiet, there are many onlookers, etc., which will make them upset, so they complain about the bad competition conditions whenever they miss out.I think there are two reasons for this: one is that they are highly sensitive, and the other is that they lack training in self-cultivation.Ordinarily, the conditions of the major tournaments in Japan are very good, and very few people can go to the scene to watch the games, but some experienced high-level chess players still feel disturbed, but most of them can handle it calmly.Strong sensitivity seems to be innate, and it is also related to people's personality and mental type. Therefore, these chess players don't need to worry about it. As long as external interference does not affect their chess performance, they should not mind it and learn to restrain themselves.

I am not much affected by external factors in the game, because as soon as I sit at the chess table, I will enter a state of "quietness".At that time, apart from thinking about chess, no matter what happened around me, it was difficult to divert my attention. However, one thing that annoys me during the race is the camera flash, that blinding flash makes me uncomfortable.It would be even worse if a reporter came to shoot TV. The flash of the camera was only for a split second, but the strong light for TV shooting lasted for a long time and turned on and off suddenly.When the light is turned on, the eyes are blinded; when the light is turned off, the eyes are completely dark, and nothing can be seen.I remember that in the final of the third "New Sports Cup" in 1981, I almost lost the crucial third game because of the stimulation of the lights.

The final was arranged in the main hall of the Working People's Cultural Palace, and the challenger was the new talent Cao Dayuan.I won the first two rounds, and if I win the third round, I can declare my title defense successful, so there are many visiting journalists.At the beginning of the game, the crackling flash gave me a headache. In the middle game, the reporter from the TV station suddenly came to shoot the TV again. The lights were on, and my sweat broke out all of a sudden. I walked a series of dizzy steps. bad chess.In the end, it was hard to calm down and narrowly beat the test.Thinking about it afterwards, I was still a little scared. If they lost to a two-to-one situation, then Cao Dayuan, who had stabilized his position, would probably boost his morale, and the outcome would be hard to say. Here, I also want to talk about the habits of chess players.Everyone has their own habits when playing chess, and there is nothing wrong with that. However, if the habits make the opponent feel uncomfortable, you need to change them.For example, during the game, "beating the stone" (slapping the stone hard on the board), "fishing" (holding the stone on the chessboard for a long time), slapping the button of the game clock and so on. In the past, there was a rule that "playing" was not allowed in official games. Later, probably influenced by Japanese players, "playing" gradually became a fashionable behavior, and the rule that "playing" was not allowed became nameless. up.In fact, "dazi" does interfere with others.Just imagine, in a quiet arena, all the opponents are desperately "beating", how much noise should be generated.If it is in a complicated situation, after a long time of hard thinking, I finally made up my mind, so I can't help "playing" with a feeling of victory, which is understandable, but every move is "playing". "It's not good. Some people like to shoot the clock, especially if they have made a proud move, it is even more exciting to shoot.This is really a bad habit.First, there was a lot of movement with that "snap" sound; second, the game clock could not withstand this kind of shooting. I often saw the clock being shot on the spot, which affected the normal progress of the game.As for the practice of grabbing the chess pieces in the chess box with your hands, it is a bad habit of people with poor chess skills in the streets and alleys, and professional chess players should definitely put an end to it. I think our country's chess players should pay attention to cultivating good chess-playing habits, so that they behave in a dignified and dignified manner, and win or lose without showing any signs of victory or defeat.Only in this way can it be compatible with the quaint Go.The reason why Go is listed as one of the four major arts of "qin, chess, calligraphy, and painting" is because it is an elegant skill.If you lose a game, you will complain and get angry; if you win a game, you will be proud and arrogant, which is very different from the art of Go.