Chapter 40 alienated

Chen Duxiu was adopted to his uncle since he was a child, but he and his stepfather were in conflict and almost broke up.In his later years, he said in his autobiography: "I have been a man without a father since I was a child." One year, when he went to Beijing, the shopkeeper of a big shop opened by the Chen family asked him to visit the shop after hearing about it. .But he said, "The shop is not mine." Chen Duxiu's eldest son, Chen Yannian, and second son, Chen Qiaonian, lived in their hometown since they were young. When they grew up, they were taken to Shanghai by Chen Duxiu.But Chen Duxiu asked them to go out to work for a living during the day, and board at night on the floor of the "New Youth" distribution hall. haggard.Gao Junman, who is both an aunt and a stepmother, often sheds tears when seeing this scene, and wants the children to go home to live.But Chen Duxiu said: "Tolerate and raise rape, you can't! You can't!" Gao cried to Pan Zanhua, Chen Duxiu's friend, and Pan mentioned this to Chen. , It’s okay to hear that he creates his own future.”

In 1917, Chen Duxiu went to teach at Peking University, accompanied by Gao Junman and his two young children, while brothers Yannian and Qiao Nian stayed in Shanghai and entered the famous Aurora University in Shanghai through a work-study program.Chen Duxiu entrusted Wang Mengzou of the Yadong Library to pay the two brothers 5 yuan per month for living expenses from his manuscript fee.Chen Yannian and Chen Qiaonian were not close to their father since they were young, and their father treated their biological mothers so ruthlessly, and now he treats them like this. Therefore, before joining the Communist Party, they once believed in anarchism that advocated no family and no country.From then on, father and son were both in the Communist Party, and they always called Chen Duxiu "Comrade Duxiu".

Xu Deheng recalled that in the second half of 1919, two brothers, Chen Yannian and Chen Qiaonian, came to Beijing to visit their father.They did not go directly to Chen Duxiu's house, but prepared a business card and delivered it, which said "Visit Mr. Chen Duxiu" and the names of the two brothers on the bottom.This matter was spread as a joke for a while, and people said that Chen Duxiu advocated democracy, and democracy really came to his home. Chen Yannian once said to others about his father who was famous all over the world because of the New Culture Movement: "My father is just a new bureaucrat and an old scholar."

After Chen Duxiu was arrested and released from prison, Pan Zanhua said to Chen Yannian: "Your father was arrested by Beijing police chief Wu Bingxiang in Beijing. Do you know that many friends rescued him because of their fellow countrymen?" Chen Yannian replied: "I have heard about it." Pan asked: "What do you think about this matter? Are you afraid?" He replied: "If you do it, don't be afraid; An opportunity to make a glorious sacrifice is something you can't wait for, what's so terrible." Pan was taken aback, and said: "If the rescue of my colleagues fails, what will you think?" Chen Yannian then replied: "China lost a learned man, Of course it's a pity."

In his youth, Chen Yannian believed in anarchism at first, and he had a good impression of anarchists Wu Zhihui and Li Shizeng, but he dismissed Hu Shi and Chen Duxiu.Chen Yannian said in a letter to his friend Xiongdong (Ding Zhaoqing): "There are still such delusional people among the students. They don't say 'Hu has a good idea, I will communicate with him', but say, 'Chen is really good, my friend and He’s a good friend, and I’ve met him too’.” In the summer of 1920, Chen Gongpei, a student of Jinling University, went to France for a work-study program. Chen Duxiu wrote a letter trusting him to send to Chen Yannian and Chen Qiaonian who were studying in France.In the letter, Chen Duxiu advised Chen Yannian to leave anarchism and turn to Marxism.After reading his father's letter, Chen Yannian said unhappily, "That Duxiu, don't pay attention to him." Chen Gongpei was very surprised, but he didn't expect Chen Yannian to call his father by his first name.

At one time, it was publicized in the society that Chen Duxiu had organized the "Father Discussion Group". In 1921, Chen Jiongming asked him at a banquet: "It is said that you organize a 'father-discussing group'. Is this true?" Chen replied: "My son is qualified to organize this group, and I am not even qualified to participate. No, because I have been a child without a father since I was a child." After the founding of the Communist Party of China, within the Communist Party, Chen Yannian and Chen Qiaonian were called "comrades" with their father Chen Duxiu, and Chen Yannian often disagreed with his father's political views. At the end of 1925, before the "Second National Congress" of the Kuomintang, Zhang Guotao came to Guangzhou and convened a meeting of representatives of the Communist Party attending the "Second National Congress" of the Kuomintang. At the meeting, he read a letter from Chen Duxiu. A policy of concessions should be adopted, and all figures of the Kuomintang should be included in the Central Committee of the Kuomintang.Chen Yannian immediately objected, saying: "The letter actually named rightists such as Dai Jitao and Sun Ke to be elected to the Central Committee. Isn't this a compromise?"

After the Zhongshan ship incident, Mao Zedong, Chen Yannian and others advocated mobilizing the masses of workers and peasants, and united with the leftists of the Kuomintang to force Chiang Kai-shek to step down.But the Soviets once again backed off to Chiang and told them to be patient. On April 2, Zhang Guotao rushed to Guangzhou and said to Chen Yannian and others: "Comrade Duxiu's opinion is very clear. This incident is the result of our party's concession but did not." Chen Yannian said angrily: "I agreed from the beginning. Mao Runzhi's opinion was a counterattack to Chiang Kai-shek, but the central government was afraid of affecting unity and frightening the bourgeoisie of the Kuomintang, so it refused to agree... The old man (referring to Chen Duxiu) was extremely confused. The Kuomintang and the Communist Party cooperate, turn a blind eye to the conspiracy of rejecting the Communists, and dare not fight against the Kuomintang rightists, which will ruin the revolution." Mao Zedong was deeply impressed by Chen Yannian's criticism of Chen Duxiu, saying: "Like Yannian, it is indeed a rare talent. place, I saw a genius in him."

Huang Wenrong recalled: "After the failure of the Great Revolution, I accompanied Chen Duxiu to Shanghai to hide. Around the end of November 1927, Qiao Nian and his wife came to see his father Chen Duxiu. During the conversation, Qiao Nian made many criticisms of Chen Duxiu. They talked about Then they started arguing, and it got worse and worse. When they started talking, I was not there. Later, when I heard the father and son quarrel, I came out to persuade them. As a result, the father and son broke up. Originally, Chen Duxiu was planning to I stayed with Qiao Nian to eat here, but Qiao Nian was so angry that he refused to even eat and left. Chen Duxiu was not happy. After Qiao Nian left, he said to me again: "Look, my son is teaching me a lesson!" '"

When Chen Yannian attended the inaugural meeting of the Jiangsu Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China, he received a report that a traffic worker had been arrested.Because the traffic officer knew the secret place at No. 104 Hengfengli, Chen announced the end of the meeting and warned everyone to be careful just in case. On the afternoon of June 26, 1926, Chen Yannian and others went to Hengfengli. After observing the movement around them, they saw that there was nothing unusual, so they went in to clear up the documents.Not long after he sat down, a large number of soldiers and police surrounded the place. Chen was so regretful that he picked up his seat and fought with the enemies who rushed up, until he was exhausted and was captured by the enemies.When Chen Yannian and others were fighting the enemy, the two comrades escaped from the roof.

When Chen Yannian was arrested by Yang Hu's agents, his true identity had not yet been revealed.Chen Duxiu asked Wang Mengzou to rescue him.Wang went to Hu Shi, and Hu Shi said: "Duxiu's son, I will definitely rescue him. You go back to Shanghai and wait for news." Hu asked Wu Zhihui, a big celebrity of Chiang Kai-shek, to intercede, so that Chen Yannian's life would not be in danger.Wu yelled in front of Hu Shi: "It's done! It's done! Old Chen is useless, and Xiao Chen is terrifying, too scary, ten times better than his father. Capture Xiao Chen, and the world will be peaceful from now on." Yang Hu sent a congratulatory message: "Today Wenzun captured Chen Duxiu's son Yannian... Chen Yannian's wisdom and evil are a hundred times greater than his father's....Such a giant was arrested and congratulated." Chen Yannian was hacked by the executioner. die.When Wang received the bad news, he was heartbroken like five thunderbolts.Until later, whenever the murder of Chen Yannian was mentioned, he would regret it, patted his thigh and said, "No way, no way!"

On July 4, Chen Yannian was killed.After Chen Yannian was taken to the execution ground, when the executioners asked him to kneel down, he stood upright and shouted slogans.Although he was violently pressed down by several soldiers who were executing the sentence, when the soldiers let go and were about to swing their knives, Chen Yannian suddenly jumped up. Chopped to death. In February 1928, Chen Qiaonian was arrested by the Kuomintang.At that time, he had just arrived in Shanghai, and the traitor Tang Ruilin didn't know him, nor did he know Zhou Zhichu who was arrested at the same time.Therefore, Zheng Futa, Xu Baiwu, etc. advocated sacrificing Zhou Zhichu, and Zhou replaced Chen Qiaonian's position and name, thereby saving Qiao Nian, and Zhou fully agreed.During the trial, Zhou claimed to be Chen Qiaonian, and the judge sentenced Zhou Zhichu to death.Zhou Zhichu's father is an overseas Chinese businessman. After learning that Zhou Zhichu was arrested, he returned to China to rescue his son. The Kuomintang found out that Zhou Zhichu was an impostor, and the real Chen Qiaonian was exposed. On June 6, Chen Qiaonian, who was only 28 years old, was killed. Chen Yannian and Chen Qiaonian sacrificed one after another. When Chen Duxiu's daughter Chen Yuying went to collect his brother's body, she saw her brother in a pool of blood. She was greatly stimulated and became mentally disturbed.Chen Duxiu frowned and said, "Pedantry!" The first time San Zisong remembers seeing his father was in the early 1930s, when Chen Duxiu was imprisoned in Nanjing Laohuqiao Prison. Before that, his father never cared about him and wrote him a few words.Song Nian couldn't help crying when he saw his father in prison, but the father stared at him, and the first thing he said to his son who hadn't seen him for many years was: "Nothing!" The husband of Chen Duxiu's daughter Chen Zimei (born by Chen Duxiu and Gao Junman), Zhang Guoxiang, was ten years older than her, and Zhang concealed the fact that he had a wife and children when he got married. In October 1932, Chen Duxiu was arrested and imprisoned in Nanjing Prison. Chen Zimei took her husband to visit Chen Duxiu in prison.When Chen Zimei told her father about her marriage, Chen Duxiu was very upset and reprimanded her sharply: "You are young and ignorant, the consequences are disastrous." After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, Chen Duxiu lived in Jiangjin.Zhang Guoxiang prevented Chen Zimei from going to Jiangjin to visit his father because he had a grudge against Chen Duxiu. In 1939, Chen Zimei went to Hong Kong to bid farewell to her father forever.After liberation, Chen Zimei returned to the mainland. During the "Cultural Revolution", she smuggled back to Hong Kong with a gasoline tank, and then emigrated to Canada. After learning that his father was imprisoned, Chen Duxiu's fourth son, He Nian, went to visit his father, and even naively proposed that he find a way to help his father escape from prison.Unexpectedly, Chen Duxiu not only disapproved, but scolded him, calling him "nonsense".