Chapter 24 politics

At the end of 1911, Chen Duxiu was invited by Sun Yujun, the new governor of Anhui, to return to Anqing to serve as the secretary-general of the governor's mansion.Chen believes that the overthrow of the Qing government is only the first step of the revolution - destruction, and the construction of the future is more important.But he has an irritable temperament and often quarrels with others over reform matters. Whenever he holds a meeting, he is the only one who speaks, and he always insists on his own views.Colleagues think it is too aggressive.Zhang Xiaocen, who was in charge of documents, advised him: "Don't insist on your own opinion." But Chen didn't listen: "Reforms are not drastic, and people's lives are not improved. How is it different from the old bureaucracy?"

One day in a meeting, Sun Yujun closed his eyes and rested his mind as usual, while Chen Duxiu was eloquent, every time he asked a question, Sun would "hum", and if he didn't ask, he would keep quiet.After the meeting, Chen asked Sun: "Why are there so few words?" Sun frowned and said: "Zhongfu, Xuantong has announced his abdication, the provisional government of the Republic of China has been established, and the revolution has won. We can breathe a sigh of relief. Don't be too hasty in everything. Someone said you in front of me." Chen Duxiu said: "I am said to be a small matter, but I think the overthrow of the Qing Dynasty is a matter of destruction, and there will be more construction in the future. We should use the power in our hands to do more things." Sun sighed: " Others say that you are a good horse and don’t turn back, and it is true, you are too hot-tempered, I’m afraid it will be difficult for everyone to agree.” Due to the lack of support from Sun Yuyun, Chen Duxiu, who had just taken office, resigned in anger and went to teach in the newly restored Anhui Higher School.

After Chen Duxiu experienced several ups and downs in officialdom: In May 1912, Sun Yuyun went to Beijing to serve as Yuan Shikai's senior adviser, and Chen Duxiu persuaded Bai Wenwei to take over as governor of Anhui.Bai agreed, but the condition was that Chen must serve as the secretary-general of the Dudu Mansion, so Chen resigned from Anhui Higher Education and took office again.Chen Duxiu assisted Bai Wenwei to do his best, and Bai would follow Chen Yi's plan.After that, Chen resigned due to family affairs and returned to teach in Anhui higher education institutions.Soon, there was a student movement in Anhui colleges and universities, and the target was Chen Duxiu. In addition, Chen and the principal Ma Qichang had many conflicts on education issues, so Chen returned to the Dudu Mansion for the third time to serve as secretary general.In June of the following year, Yuan Shikai dismissed Bai Wenwei from his position as governor and appointed Sun Duosen as governor of Anhui.The next day, Chen Duxiu resigned.

At the end of 1912, Wang Mengzou went to Anqing to meet Bo Wenwei and Chen Duxiu. Friends said that Wang should come out and do something, "Go to the county magistrate, one is Xuancheng, two is Nanling, and three is Taiping." After hearing this, Chen Duxiu stared at Wang and said, "What are you doing! Is this a long bureau? It will change soon. Go back, go back, you'd better go back to Wuhu and sell your pencils, ink, and exercise books I came to talk to Lie Wu and said, if you want him to help you a little bit, you’d better open a bookstore in Shanghai.” In the spring of 1913, the Yadong Library was established in Shanghai with Wang Mengzou as its manager.Later, Yadong printed and published many new books in Shanghai, which became an important position for spreading new culture during the May Fourth Movement.

In 1920, Chen Jiongming called Chen Duxiu and invited him to come to Guangzhou for education.Chen Duxiu proposed to Chen Jiongming three conditions for the chairmanship of the education committee: "Education is independent and free from administrative interference; one-tenth of the income of Guangdong Province is allocated to education funds, and administrative measures are unified with the theories advocated by education." Chen Jiongming agreed without hesitation, and Chen Duxiu put down the party affairs of the Communist Party and went to Guangdong.At that time, the cabinet members of the Guangzhou government were: Sun Yat-sen (Minister of Internal Affairs), Tang Jiyao (Minister of Communications), Xu Qian (Minister of Justice), Wu Tingfang (Minister of Foreign Affairs), Chen Duxiu (Minister of Education), Chen Jiongming (Minister of Army), Li Liejun (Minister of Staff) minister).Except for Chen Duxiu, a Communist Party member, and Li Liejun, a non-party member, all others are members of the Kuomintang.

Chen Duxiu delivered a speech at the Guangdong Provincial Women's Normal School and the Guangdong Women's Federation.Chen said that in Chinese families, aunts oppress daughters-in-law, sisters-in-law oppress sisters-in-law, etc. There are many things. Women obey their parents when they are unmarried, and obey their husbands after marriage. After the husband dies, they also obey their children. life.After the speech, Guangzhou launched a vigorous campaign to expel Chen. On March 8, Shanghai's "Zhonghua Xinbao", the official newspaper of the Political Science Society, carried an article: "Chen Duxiu "opened the chapter to abolish virtue and hate filial piety. Every day in the speeches of the schools, they must try their best to carry out the purpose of putting filial piety first and all good debauchery first. Young people My disciples...when they hear this, they will all listen carefully and imitate it..." The old-fashioned faction of Guangdong Higher Normal School even threatened to resign all of them.

Chen Duxiu also pioneered the co-education of middle schools, and first implemented co-education in the Provincial No. 1 Middle School, but was opposed by Wang Jingwei and the conservatives.But in the end, the Guangdong Provincial Education Committee meeting passed the decision to open girls' schools. During his tenure as Minister of Education in Guangzhou, Chen Duxiu opened a night school for workers.Chen believes that "mechanical workers are more advanced", so he first tried the night school for mechanical workers, with more than 100 participants.Then, Chen helped hairdressers set up a trade union, opened night schools, and developed more than a thousand members.At the inaugural meeting of the hairdressing union, Chen Duxiu gave a speech: "Workers lack knowledge, so seeking knowledge is a very important thing for workers today. I now want to set up many labor cram schools in Guangzhou so that workers have the opportunity to seek knowledge." place."