Chapter 5 Chapter 3 The 26-year-old Korean Supreme Emperor

The consistent "majority doctrine" of the Koreans cannot be simply whipped if the people don't know the hunger.A small country surrounded by strong neighbors (China, Japan and Russia), if you don't let things get bigger, can things be small? The Joseon Dynasty was established in the period of Zhu Yuanzhang, and it lasted for nearly 600 years since the Ming and Qing Dynasties. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Goryeo people felt that the entry of the Manchus into the customs was "using the barbarians to change the summer", and they became the last pure land of Chinese civilization. Clothes and crowns" emotion.

In addition, it is basically a vassal state that keeps its own law. By the late Qing Dynasty, the territory of the Celestial Dynasty included Burma, Siam (Thailand), Vietnam, Ryukyu, Korea, Mongolia and Tibet.These "lands outside of China" are divided into two categories. Category A, such as Mongolia and Tibet, is under the management of the Lifan Academy, where ministers are stationed; Category B, such as Korea and Vietnam, bows their heads and pays tribute on schedule. The new king must report to the emperor of China for acceptance Canonized. In this regard, Zhou Derun, a scholar of the Hanlin Academy, explained very clearly: stay in Siyi.

Use Ryukyu to guard the southeast, Koryo to guard the northeast, Mongolia to guard the northwest, and Vietnam to guard the southwest.Share weal and woe with the country, eliminate misfortune from Weimeng. The vassal state acts as an outside line and guards the country's gate, which is no problem in ancient times.The problem is that history has developed to the modern age when the British and French allied forces would go straight to Beijing and approach the city. The normal mentality of the western powers says that you and these dependent countries are friendly and good-neighborly, and the abnormal ones say that you are a colonial family.

Since it has become a hot potato, the best choice is actually to respect geopolitics and assist these small countries to gradually achieve independence and be protected by public international law.In this way, even if a certain country wants to get involved, other countries will intervene, which is far better than "unidentified concubines", and eventually it will inevitably become a colony of great powers. As for North Korea specifically, the three parties sitting at the negotiating table are China, Japan and Russia. For Russia, North Korea means access to the Pacific Ocean with ice-free ports.

For Japan, using North Korea as a springboard to invade China was the subject of the emperor's nightly dreams. For the Qing Dynasty, no matter who occupied North Korea, what the soldiers pointed at was threatening the three eastern provinces, the land of the Manchus. From an objective point of view, although there were so many great powers at the end of the 19th century, and they wished that they could come to eat Qing Dynasty tofu if they were small powers, most of them belonged to the type of fish in troubled waters, and it was nothing more than a business. Except Japan and Russia.

There are conflicts in the ancestors, the thief misses you, and covets your territory like a nympho all day long.Especially Russia, nibbles and devours whales, perseveres; accumulates over time, and skillfully. Therefore, taking advantage of the chaos in Xinjiang, Russia quickly occupied Ili. When Zuo Zongtang carried the coffin to Xinjiang, Japan jumped out again.I don't know if the two countries colluded in advance to play "East and West". In 1879, eleven years after the beginning of the Meiji Restoration, Japan annexed the Ryukyu Kingdom in the south of the main island and changed it to "Okinawa Prefecture".

Ryukyu has belonged to China since the fifth year of Hongwu (1372), and the payment of tribute has never been interrupted. However, in the 30th year of Wanli (1602), it became a vassal to Japan, and began to step on two boats, which lasted for 270 years... Finally something happened. In the past, it was just cheating, but now she just broke all the certificates with that man. If this guy had never been in a relationship, he would probably have to use a brick to catch the adulterer, and the blood was splashed on the spot. It's a pity that the treasury of the Qing Dynasty was empty, and the Northwest was at war with Russia. In order to avoid the enemy, we had to admit this fact.

This is Japan's second blatant provocation. As early as 1876, Japan used North Korea's refusal of diplomatic relations as an excuse to dispatch warships to force it to sign a trade treaty.The Qing government, as the suzerain state, was so chilling that it instructed North Korea to sign the "Treaty of Ganghwa" with a calm attitude. Foreign aggression forced internal affairs. At this time, the king of Joseon was Li Xi, who inherited the throne from his uncle Li Sheng.Li Sheng had no children, so he let his younger brother Li Shi (shi) be the "Lord of the Great Court" (regent) to assist the twelve-year-old Li Xi to govern.

The whole "Song Xuan story".It seems that "Spring and Autumn" was not learned well, which can prove that Confucius is not Korean. Family conflicts quickly arise.Mr. Dayuan is conservative in thinking, closed to the outside world, and seizes power to top two.But when the child grows up, he can't help his father. Who told you to promise a beautiful woman with a high IQ to be his wife? Empress Min Ciying of Ming Cheng was subtly influencing her husband Li Xi. At that time, she was still called Concubine Min. Concubine Min's insight into the current situation is far more acute than that of her father-in-law.She knew that the big tree of the Qing court was no longer reliable, and independence and self-improvement was a reality that North Korea had to face.

In fact, enlightenment and self-improvement are also Li Hongzhang's prescription for North Korea. The trade negotiations with the DPRK are all in charge of the Beiyang Minister, who is also a part-time mission of the Governor of Zhili. Li Hongzhang has a heavy burden. Among the officials of his time, Li Hongzhang was the only one who dared to treat foreigners like monkeys.And people like this, and the euphemistic name is "use barbarians to control barbarians". He passed this set of vertical and horizontal techniques to North Korea, and persuaded Li Xi to open up the door and enter into business agreements with Western countries in order to contain Japan and guard against Russia.

The Ryukyu issue reminded Li Hongzhang: From the perspective of Japan, North Korea is much more important than Ryukyu.Ryukyu may not be contested, but North Korea is bound to win.On the other hand, in the Qing Dynasty, the loose tributary relationship has long been unprofitable, but it has given people an excuse, which will cause disaster in the future.That being the case, it is better to respect the "Public Law of Nations" and let these ambiguous small countries become independent and self-reliant, and become a buffer zone between big countries.In this way, although there is no false name of suzerain country, it can still be controlled secretly and used by me. It is a pity that Li Hongzhang accurately calculated the international situation, but underestimated the hidden political struggle in North Korea. Headed by Concubine Min, the "Cultivation Party" with Kim Ok-kyun, Park Young-hyo, and Hong Young-sik as the backbone advocated imitating Japan and carrying out top-down reforms. With the help of conservatives Min Yongyi (yi) and Min Yongmu, Mr. Taiyuan severely suppressed these pro-Japanese forces with Japan as their backing and advocating separation from China, and finally succeeded in popping up a "Renwu Mutiny". In 1880, North Korea adopted the policy of "enlightenment and self-improvement", and under the mediation of the Qing government, successively signed trade treaties with the United States, Britain, Germany, France and other countries. At the same time, the Concubine Min Group took advantage of the reform of the military system to try their best to weaken the power of Lord Dayuan. It not only eliminated the "pro-military battalion" created by Lord Dayuan, but also formed a new army "Between Skill Battalion" with Japanese instructors. Of course you will ask, is Lord Daewon a puppet, to be slaughtered? In fact, because the Dayuan Lord refused to open up and Li Xi grew up day by day, the Qing government abandoned the old antiques and supported the king. Unexpectedly, Li Xi was weak by nature, so the power fell into the hands of Concubine Min. In fact, the Lord of the Courtyard has known people for so many years, and he has already cultivated into a piece of old ginger that can destroy flowers with his hands.Don't you want to reform?I will stand still and let you jump up and down. After you have offended everyone from top to bottom, you will come out as the savior to clean up the battlefield. Sure enough, because the equipment and treatment of the new army was much higher than that of the old army, it aroused strong dissatisfaction from the latter. In order to calm the mood, the authorities distributed rice to the Seoul garrison who had owed their salary for more than a year. As a result, something happened. The paid rice is mixed with gravel and bran, which is unbearable. If Yuan Shikai handled this matter, the means would definitely be quite different. If a thing is worth one yuan, if you cut it down to ninety-nine cents, the thing will not change, and what you get is still the same thing, so you have to cut it; However, the service may be reduced, so you can't cut it. You have to take the initiative to give him a dollar, and you can get a super value return. It's better not to send it and delay it first, but to keep it in mind, than to completely hurt people's hearts. As a result, the angry soldiers hung up the grain depot and beat them until they couldn't take care of themselves. The second is Bingcao Judgment Book (Shangshu of the Ministry of War. In order to avoid the suspicion of usurping the suzerain, the six Korean ministries are all called "Cao") Min Qianhao, who was responsible for adding fuel to the fire and arresting the soldiers who led the trouble, and the conflicts quickly intensified. A group of mutinies ran to the arsenal to grab weapons, captured the prison, and went to the mansion of the emperor in the courtyard to complain. The old Xigu suppressed the excitement in his heart, and looked like a retired veteran cadre who didn't care about world affairs. He said good words of relief, and seemingly casually reminded the soldiers that this matter was done by Concubine Min in collusion with the Japanese. The Yin Feng was very successful, and the mutinies went crazy one after another, killing everyone they saw. First, Min Qian Ho and other Kaihwa Party officials were hacked to death, and then the Japanese embassy was occupied, and all the Japanese instructors died unexpectedly.If Concubine Min hadn't run fast and escaped from the palace pretending to be a court lady, she would have been chopped to pieces long ago. Seoul was in chaos and the political situation was paralyzed. The good boy Li Xi was lost again, so he hurriedly asked his father to come forward to maintain the overall situation. The Lord of the Grand Court returned to power, restored the military system, and repaid the arrears, and the mutiny ended. However, the back view of the Japanese envoy to the DPRK running away in a hurry told the audience: It's not over yet, it won't be over. After the Meiji government learned of the incident, it immediately decided to send troops into the DPRK, coercing North Korea to apologize, pay compensation, and cede land to sign a contract. Li Shuchang, the Qing minister in Japan, sent two urgent telegrams to Zhang Shusheng, acting governor of Zhili and minister of Beiyang (Ding You was at home because of the death of Li Hongzhang's mother).Concubine Min also rushed to Tianjin in one breath. , Notified Jin Yunzhi, who was on a mission to China, to ask for help from the Qing court. As a result, several columnists who have been writing columns in a certain newspaper all the year round are excited again. Zhang Peilun, the left deputy imperial envoy of the Metropolitan Procuratorate, had never been abroad at all. After analyzing Japan, he was as familiar as the Japanese, and finally came to the conclusion that the Japanese army "goes far away from the Hunan and Huaihe armies in China". Deng Chengxiu, the supervisory censor of Yunnan Province, came up with the sentence "Fusang piece of land, but two inland provinces". It was Li Hongzhang who had a clear understanding of Japan's national strength and ambitions.Only he knows that Japan is no longer the Japan before the Meiji Restoration. In the Qing army camp, there has been a radical solution for North Korea: abolish the feudal domain and set up counties, and include them in the territory. It is said that it was proposed by Zhang Jian and approved by Wu Changqing. Li Hongzhang scoffed at such a ridiculous plan for such a humble man who dared not forget to worry about the country. Occupy North Korea?Even if the Western countries turn a blind eye and turn a blind eye, Japan and Russia will fight desperately. At that time, not only will North Korea not be able to keep it, Xinjiang will not be able to take it back, and the mainland will also be in danger of losing ground. Of course, the most important thing right now is to land on the beach, defend North Korea, and let the Japanese retreat. For this reason, Zhang Shusheng wrote three times to the Zongli Yamen, requesting to send troops to North Korea, which was finally approved. As a result, Ding Ruchang (1836-1895), the admiral of the Beiyang Navy, and the Qing army officially set off. Before departure, Yuan Shikai did not break his promise, and sent someone to Shanghai to bring Shen Yuying to his side.However, Yuying found that after not seeing each other for a year, Yuan Shikai's eyes began to flash a murderous look that disturbed her.She didn't dare to look directly and didn't want to look directly, but would rather firmly imprint the image of the amorous young man who turned his eyes to him firmly in her mind. The Weiyuan ship carried the vanguard of the Qing army and sailed eastward.Yuan Shikai and Jin Yunzhi (1835-1922), the newly appointed "former enemy battalion office" (the subordinate officer of the battalion office responsible for reconnaissance routes), met on the ship. As the first high-ranking official who set off the Korean version of the Westernization Movement, Kim Yun-sik was to the Li Dynasty similar to Li Hongzhang to the Qing court.Before North Korea's independence, it has always been a hardcore pro-China faction. The blue sea and blue sky stretch as far as the eye can see. It is always fresh and exciting to go out to sea for the first time. Datou boasted that he could go straight to Seoul with only a few hundred soldiers and capture the Lord Daewon. He fooled Jin Yunzhi into falling into the ground, and wrote a poem to flatter him on the spot. One sentence reads: When Zong Que was fourteen years old, his uncle asked him about his ambition, and he said boldly, "I would like to ride the long wind and break the thousands of miles of waves".After growing up, he led the army to attack Vietnam and made great achievements. The Sixth Battalion of the Qing Army arrived one after another on the west coast of the Korean Peninsula.Wu Changqing ordered a certain battalion manager to lead his troops to land first, but he received a reply from him that "soldiers are seasick and ask for a delay".In a rage, Wu Changqing dismissed the supervisor and replaced him with Yuan Shikai.Overnight, Datou took over one-sixth of the Qing Army's troops. If he had really gone to Li Hongzhang's place back then, he probably would have been obediently studying under the watchful eyes of various elders like a little sheep at the moment, and couldn't use his fists. After the Qing army set up camp in Mashanpu, military discipline quickly became lax. One day, while Wu Changqing and Zhang Jian were planning in the tent, Yuan Shikai walked in and said, "Our army has raped, murdered and looted..." Wu Changqing interrupted sharply: "Why not deal with it strictly?" Yuan Shikai: "At that time, I have invited out the command arrow given to me by Wu Shuai. Seven people have been executed. Now seven heads are here for inspection." Zhang Jian was astonished, but Wu Changqing said happily: "Good boy, you are worthy of being the queen of the general." After Jiangmen, he obviously became addicted to killing and killed Tai Sui. A distant relative of Wu Changqing was on duty in the army. Taking advantage of his backing, he committed crimes from time to time, even wounding a North Korean civilian.Yuan Shikai wanted to punish him with military discipline, but Wu Changqing asked him to keep him under the knife. Datou pretended to agree, "ask Wu to read the book on the case", but he sneaked out quietly, beheaded the man and entered to plead guilty.People cannot be resurrected after death, so Wu Changqing had no choice but to find a way to say: "Law enforcement is as it should be", and warned relatives in the camp to abide by the military law. Shen Yuying saw Yuan Shikai's dangerous moves and was anxious.So, she spread out the "Zi Yi Suo Yan" written by Yuan Baoqing and carried by Datou in a conspicuous position. That night, when Yuan Shikai came home from get off work, he suddenly saw a sentence in "Zi Yi Suo Yan": The generals of ancient and modern times must first be kind to each other, and then give them prestige, so there is no resentment. How could Datou not know what Yuying was thinking?However, Yuying may not understand Datou's ambition. To die in the Qing Dynasty has a long way to go.If there is no holiday in the sky, there is nothing but a sigh. The three generations of the Yuan family's ancestors did not live long, and the shadow of death shrouded Yuan Shikai's heart, so he had to suppress it to a corner of his heart with a strong heart.However, the venomous snake that bites bones with fear, coils around and stares at it lingeringly, making the big head dare not slacken in the slightest... Time is ticking. Of course, he can also choose to be a businessman or a politician. No matter if he is rich or powerful, he is happy to see an ordinary woman like Yuying. However, what Yuan Shikai thought of was the scene when he was a child watching the swan (swan) in Yinghe River. I saw him standing with his neck stretched out, as if eagerly waiting for something.Certainly not Godot. Although the posture is elegant, but following the gaze, you can't help asking: What is it that attracts them in the night sky? There are only bright stars. Compared with "fighting with the sky and the earth and fighting with people, it is endlessly fun", being in awe of the mystery and unknowability of nature is a great progress. There is no need to talk about people-oriented, people are just a member of the universe. If smallpox is a virus to humans, then is it not a virus to the earth that humans, who are inflated wildly and take pleasure in destroying the environment, are not viruses? Nothing in the world can't be born to restrain each other.Smallpox has been raging for thousands of years, but it disappeared at the end of the 20th century; human beings reproduced infinitely, but HIV was discovered at the same time, and they can no longer indulge in pleasure. In fact, everyone is a passer-by in each other's life, relatives, lovers, benefactors, enemies, some stay for a long time, and some pass by in a flash.The frolic of the day is not the truth of life, it makes you forget about death for a while with its hustle and bustle.Only when you look up at the night sky will you find that the eternal is loneliness. There is only one truly serious philosophical proposition, and that is death. You can not care about everything, but you have to face death after all.The pain of death does not lie in the death itself, but in the state where the mind disappears and is sentenced to eternity by infinite time. Just thinking about it makes the heart tremble. The end of everything is death.Whether you admit it or not, the essence of life is nothingness. However, knowing that there is no doubt about death, they are still struggling to survive; knowing that there is no result, they are still enjoying themselves in suffering. "Life is Beautiful" tells the audience that there is a smile in the tears, and it can also ignite a ray of light in the darkness; Foucault tells the reader that people are just the product of the dogma and customs of their environment, and an ideal life should not obey this. A fateful arrangement. Life has no meaning, you need to give it your own meaning. For Yuan Shikai, no amount of beauties and wealth can give him meaning.Life is a game that comes easy and soon feels empty.Therefore, the ultimate meaning is death. After the death of the Qing Dynasty, there is no need to talk about the righteousness of the common people and the hatred of the country and the family.Dead Qing has only one purpose, and that is: a sense of existence. Because of this, Yuan Shikai hated opium smoking, which was a fashion activity and social necessity at that time. While puffing clouds and mist, how many smokers surrendered to nothingness. After entering Seoul, more and more people smoked opium in the Qing army. These people often formed a team and went to the homes of civilians in North Korea. After smoking, they molested women from good families. In this regard, anti-drug pioneer Yuan Shikai took the command arrow given to him by Wu Changqing every day, and led the action team to visit around. A group of soldiers quit, relying on the law not to blame the public, they got together secretly, and asked to be paid and dismissed on the grounds that they were too addicted to cigarettes and could not serve. The big head is angry: Helping you quit drugs and threatening me in turn! So, he prepared the sword and rope, and sent someone out to spread the word: Come in one by one to get it. As a result, one came in and one died, and there was no time to say the last words, the whole plant vs. zombies. After Wu Changqing heard about it, he tested Yuan Shikai and said, "Can you kill them one by one?" Datou calmly said: "Demonstrators will not dare to go forward, and those who show cowardice will flock to them. If everyone really comes, they will all be tied up and tortured one by one. Those who admit to addiction will be killed without mercy, and those who deny will be released. Kill one or two , and the rest dare not admit it." At that moment, Wu Changqing, a martyr in his twilight years, really got to know this rising star in front of him. Of course, the big head is not about arresting and destroying anyone, but knowing how to give kindness and strength together, and to help each other with leniency and fierceness.He repeatedly warned: "Obeying military orders is my brother, and disobedience to military discipline is my enemy. I believe that rewards must be punished, and I will never favor or accommodate anyone." Military training instructors will say these words, but whether they can do it varies from person to person. The big head attaches great importance to the daily food of the soldiers and orders that it must be fully supplied.When someone is sick, regardless of whether they are infected or not, they will bring medicine to visit.When patrolling the camp at night, if there are people sleeping outside, they are invited to come in and rest.Those who died in battle must be buried and sacrificed; those who were wounded must be supervised and treated. Most importantly, none of this is news. Comparing their hearts to their hearts, the soldiers are all moved and motivated, willing to serve.The soldiers and civilians in North Korea are even more grateful to the big head. Seeing that the Qing army had gained a firm foothold in Seoul, Jin Yunzhi immediately suggested trapping Daewon Lord and returning to the king.Wu Changqing ordered Yuan Shikai to "secretly arrange it". In August 1882, Mr. Dayuan went to the Qing army for a return visit, and Datou designed to block his guards from the barracks. After exchanging pleasantries, Mr. Dayuan felt that the atmosphere was different. During the written conversation with Wu Changqing (same text with different language), he wrote: "The general will travel in Yunmeng?" It is said that Liu Bang took the opportunity of touring Yunmengze to eliminate the enemy princes Han Xin and Yingbu. Obviously, Wu Changqing was alluded to in the name of calming chaos, but in fact he wanted to harm him. Wu Changqing hesitated and couldn't bear to mobilize.Yuan Shikai held a knife at his side, and said loudly: "The matter has been leaked, and it will change if it is too late!" Immediately, he urged the left and right generals to forcibly help the Lord of the Grand Court into the sedan chair, and rushed to Mashanpu in the starry night, boarded the warship, and escorted him to Tianjin. The power returned to the king, and Concubine Min also returned. Except for the power to garrison troops in Seoul in exchange for the "Jemulpo Treaty", the Japanese side did not take advantage of it. From Li Xi to Concubine Min, the centripetal force of the Joseon royal family towards China has been greatly enhanced. In mid-September, at a banquet held in the palace, Yuan Shikai received the king's courtesy.At the end of the month, Li Xi summoned Datou alone to train the new army. In Wu Changqing's list of meritorious persons who asked the court to award, Yuan Shikai was the first.Comments: The management of the army is serious and well dispatched. As a result, Datou got a title of Tongzhi from the fifth rank, which became the starting point of his dominance in the Qing Dynasty. Kaihwa Party members Jin Yujun, Park Young-hyo, and Hong Yingzhi saw Concubine Min fall to China and gradually transformed into a "leading party".They naively thought that Korea would be "liberated" by bringing the Japanese into Seoul. Li Shunchen knew about it, so he might be able to recover from his anger. In fact, under the planning of Li Hongzhang, the Qing government's policy towards North Korea had long been upgraded to help North Korea achieve independence and self-improvement as its main goal.If it weren't for the Japanese mother finding fault like a mother, it would not be impossible in time. Now that the two armies are confronting each other, the Qing government no longer dares to take it lightly, and must control and stabilize the political situation in North Korea.Reform has stalled. Of course, the Kaihua Party was not reconciled. While colluding with the new ambassador to Japan, Takesumi Ichiro, they bet their treasure on Li Xi. Li Xi is not Kangxi, but this does not affect his ideological progress.Kim Ok-kyun and Park Young-hyo took advantage of Lee Hee's love of listening to foreign news, and often went to the palace to discuss the international situation, and advocated reforming the system, which was supported by Lee Hee. As a result, the Patrol Bureau and the Post Office were successively established, and the earliest newspaper in North Korea, Seoul Xunbao, was established.It only comes out once every ten days. Compared with the daily newspaper "Shen Bao", which has been in circulation for 12 years, it can be said to be shabby. Of course, the most important thing is to train the new army.Yuan Shikai's accumulated experience in studying drills and tactics over the years came in handy at this moment, and trained Li Xi with a "Newly Built Pro-Army" equipped with standard rifles and crackers, and a thousand elites. At the same time, it also increased his prestige in the North Korean army. At the beginning of 1884, Sino-French frictions continued. Song Xiaojun of the Qing Dynasty keenly grasped new hot topics, and left behind Japan, which was eager to die yesterday, turned their guns and concentrated their firepower on France.The Sino-French war is imminent. When Ding You's term expired, Li Hongzhang, who resumed his original post, divided the six battalions of the Qing Army into two, and ordered Wu Changqing to lead the three battalions back to Shandong to prevent the French army from attacking from the sea. Of course, it is not objective to say that there is no selfish intention to weaken the Qing army in this move.But when Wu Changqing went to Tianjin to meet Li Hongzhang at the beginning of the year, the latter had already noticed that he was short of breath, was seriously ill, and feared that he would die soon. Transferring Wu Changqing back from the freezing North Korea is justified both in public and in private. But the people below don't think so.Two months later, Wu Changqing passed away in China, which was interpreted by good people as "died with hatred". Wu Changqing was extremely mourned after his death.Yuan Shikai gave a memorial ceremony of one thousand taels of silver, which was almost his salary for one year.Li Xi also ordered the Jingwu Temple to be built for him in Seoul.However, halfway through the garrison, how could the ambitious Japan turn a blind eye to this god-given opportunity? Over Seoul, dark clouds are gathering. Of course, Li Hongzhang dared to take risks to withdraw his troops because he underestimated the energy of the "Leading the Way Party". ) to take charge of the customs, and firmly control North Korea from the two aspects of civil affairs and tariffs, and everything will be fine. And the commanders of the three battalions stationed in North Korea are not ordinary people.Both Wu Zhaoyou and Zhang Guangqian were second-rank officers who had been in the army for many years. Yuan Shikai was only 25 years old and led a battalion alone. If there is still one person in the Qing army who can coax Li Xi into a circle, it is Yuan Shikai. What makes Wu Zhaoyou and Zhang Guangqian the most jealous is the post of the General Office (Chief of Staff) of the Camp Affairs Department.With real power and a big vacancy, Wu Changqing also handed it over to Yuan Shikai before his death.Such a promotion broke the hearts of Wu and Zhang in an instant: they have pretended to be grandsons for so many years, but they haven't learned the art of war yet. It is true that grandpa has come step by step from grandson, but for Yuan Shikai, becoming an official is only the first step in his great career.In order to quickly rise to the top, he had to show off his talents. Of course, the top-notch is always easy to arouse the dissatisfaction of mediocre people.Their logic is simple: eat the imperial food, dawdle, you are so actively rushing to reincarnate? Although Zhang Jian is doing practical things, he is also small-minded.At the beginning, Datou was not familiar with him, and he insisted on the discipleship ceremony, so he couldn't let go, so he wrote to Yuan Baoling to complain, saying that Datou was so sophisticated and polite, and he was very pretentious. Well, mingle eh?Then let's throw away the red tape and talk about things. As a result, Zhang Jian couldn't stand it anymore, and felt that the big head disrespected him less and less as his status rose.This is mainly reflected in the addressing of him, from "Mr." to "Xiaoweng" to "Brother Zhang", which "becomes more and more strange", which is difficult for him to accept. Wu Zhaoyou was the most upset. After Wu Changqing left, he was the "North Korea Defense General Office" (the highest military officer), and Yuan Shikai was only "know how to do it", the second in command.But Li Xi seemed to have taken the wrong medicine, and left the general office aside, discussing everything with Yuan Shikai. In addition to those soldiers who were suppressed by Yuan Shikai when rectifying military discipline, a group of people got together every day to figure out how to "overthrow Yuan". Just had a mouthful. Yuan Shikai's position was appointed by the Minister of Beiyang. As long as he is not anti-party and anti-society, Wu Zhaoyou will hate him to death, so he can only be a villain and play around at home. At the critical moment, the literati are still slanderous. Zhang Jian collected public anger and began to write the famous scolding letter in the late Qing Dynasty. From Chen Lin scolding Cao Cao to Luo Binwang scolding Wu Zetian, scolding styles are always full of literary talent, and Zhang Jian is no exception.What is outstanding is that he did not stop at cursing and ridiculing, and at the same time, he grasped Yuan Shikai's handle: pretending to be an imperial envoy. In the late Qing Dynasty, when people were crushed to death at the official level, this was really a heinous crime. Zhang Jian said that when Yuan Shikai wrote and sent letters, he often wrote that "the Imperial Envoy Beiyang Minister will run the North Korean Defense General Office's Operations Office". The translation of this tongue twister into vernacular is: Dear, I am the Minister of Beiyang appointed by the emperor.At the same time, I also concurrently served as the "North Korea Defense Council Office" and "The General Office of the Battalion Affairs Office". What Zhang Jian said was found to be unsubstantiated. Judging from the official documents handed down at that time, the signatures of the big heads are all "Imperial Envoy", followed by "Zou Pai" in the space, and then the latter two positions.It means "my appointment was appointed by Li Hongzhang Shangzuo". Of course, you would say that it is enough to just write about your own job title. Why do you want to use the banner as a tiger's skin, and let the wretched man Zhang Jian take advantage of it? This is really a last resort. Chen Shutang's "General Office of Commerce" followed the suzerain-vassal system, and the ministers stationed in the DPRK did not recognize it, because if they recognized it, it would be tantamount to acknowledging that the Qing court was "the kingdom of heaven", and that their own country and North Korea were vassals. Foreigners are clamoring that the "General Office of Commerce" is just a business representative and does not have the status of an envoy.As a result, Chen Shutang was deliberately neglected and belittled on various occasions. He was "difficult to be humble" and could hardly carry out his work. In this regard, Yuan Shikai's solution was to make some articles in name to bluff foreigners. This not only prevented embarrassment, but also facilitated the advancement of various tasks. Li Hongzhang would definitely do the same. Sure enough, Li Hongzhang did not delve into the matter, and Zhang Jian was defeated by "the general's life is not accepted". The Qing court, on the other hand, lost to negligence. The "leading party" worked day and night to build roads, and finally felt that the goddess of victory was waving to them. Yuan Shikai obviously noticed that Li Xi's attitude towards him was becoming increasingly indifferent. When chatting with pro-China ministers Jin Yunzhi and Min Yongyi, the two also complained. He had a premonition that something big was about to happen, and Wu Zhaoyou had another look of "I'm sorry I'm an outsider", so he had no choice but to leapfrog and write to Li Hongzhang. In the letter, Yuan Shikai was furious about the North Korean version of Liu Chan and Li Xi, complaining that "despite all kinds of inducements, it seems out of place".He also reminded Li Hongzhang that Li Xi's centrifugal tendency to shelter the great powers and seek self-reliance is getting more and more serious, while he himself is "anxious day and night, and sleep and food are useless." After receiving the letter, Li Hongzhang ordered the North Korean garrison to keep calm and pay close attention to changes in the situation. It's a pity that no matter how close we are, we can't keep up with the changes. On December 4, 1884, the Jiashen coup broke out. At six o'clock that night, Hong Yingzhi, the backbone of the Kaihua Party and the general manager of the post office, made a name for the completion of the post hall, and invited Chen Shutang, Mu Linde, Min Yongyi, and envoys from various countries to the banquet. Rishi Zhutian has no suspense to excuse his illness. During the banquet, members of the Kaihua Party set fire outside the hall, and the guests ran out to watch it. As a result, Min Yongyi was seriously injured by the swarming gangsters, and the host and guest broke up in an uproar. Jin Yujun, a member of the Kaihua Party, took the opportunity to enter the palace, falsely claiming that the Qing army was in chaos, and injured Min Yongyi.Li Xi and Concubine Min were frightened stupid on the spot. Under the intimidation of Jin Yujun, Li Xi handwritten the imperial edict "The Japanese Minister came to defend me", which was held by Park Young-hyo, a member of the Kaihua Party, and led the Japanese envoy Zhutian to bring the Japanese army into the palace. Li Xi, Concubine Min and the prince were moved to Jingyou Palace and placed under house arrest. Jin Yujun pretended to order Min Yongmu, a minister of the pro-China faction, to enter the palace and execute one by one. The next morning, the Kaihua Party announced to the world that the coup was successful, and the party members sat on the ground to share the spoils and assumed new positions. Shen Shunze, the leader of the pro-China faction (equivalent to the chief assistant of the military aircraft), took the seal document, and ran to the Qing army barracks with Jin Yunzhi crying, asking for troops to be the savior. Both Wu Zhaoyou and Zhang Guangqian expressed that they did not dare to act rashly without Beiyang's order, and Chen Shutang also believed that the North Korean king did not take the initiative to ask for help, and the teacher came out of nowhere. How can I ask for help when I am under house arrest?It's not about filming "Red Rock", Guan Zhazidong can still hand out notes. Beiyang's order?Sorry, the post office has just been established, and the telegraph line has not been laid yet. If you really have to wait for the order from above, Yuan Shikai can only have this set of pictures in his mind: A cavalryman came to Mashanpu shouting "Eight hundred miles to hurry up" and exhausted a horse; The Beiyang warship departed from Mashanpu and sent it to the Beiyang Yamen in Tianjin; Li Hongzhang wrote to the Prime Minister's Office, and Yi Xuan (xuan) reported it to the court; After the Military Aircraft Department discussed the results and reported Cixi's approval, the reverse order was repeated. By the time the order was received, the day lily was cold. The procedure had to be followed, but Yuan Shikai insisted on sending troops, under the banner of "at the request of Shen Shunze, the head of the civil servants of North Korea". Wu and Zhang continued to pretend to be outsiders, and Yuan Shikai became angry: "If you are convicted of provoking a dispute, I will bear it alone, and you will never be implicated!" Only then did Wu and Zhang reluctantly agree. At the critical moment, the new pro-army came in handy.Because Yuan Shikai took advantage of the opportunity of being an instructor to plant his party members, and now he was willing to cut his flesh and gave him six hundred taels of high-quality gold. The three battalions of the new army were willing to serve Yuan Shikai. Therefore, Datou led his own battalion and the new army took the middle road, Wu Zhaoyou and Zhang Guangqian each led their own troops as flanks, and attacked the palace in three ways. Passing by Mu Linde's house on the way, I heard that the mutilated Min Yongyi was hiding inside. Yuan Shikai wanted to go in to visit and inquire about the situation, but was stopped by a gun-wielding guard wearing black-rimmed glasses and refused to let him in. This man had a gentle face, but he showed no fear, and was devoted to his duties, which left a deep impression on Yuan Shikai. His name is Tang Shaoyi (1862-1938), his style name is Shaochuan, and he is one of the young children studying in the United States. Min Yongyi, who was in shock, was possessed by his sister-in-law Lin, who repeatedly said, "The Civilization Party will kill me." In fact, Zhutian, the backstage boss of the "Leading Party", is more afraid than anyone at the moment. Zhutian is a scholar-type official who often writes books on Chinese studies such as "Mao Shi Hui Jian" and "The Analects of Confucius Hui Jian". He must have admired Chinese culture very much. But this does not affect his yelling "Banzai" (long live the emperor) at every turn. After taking office, Zhutian actively supported the "Leading the Way Party". Seeing the outbreak of the Sino-French war, he encouraged Jin Yujun to launch a coup and establish a pro-Japanese government. After the coup plan was reported, it was suppressed. The reason was that there was a secret report on the emperor's desk that made him even more panic-the Japanese ambassador to China stated that China and France were negotiating, and France intended to cede Taiwan. From Japan's standpoint, North Korea's "reserve" is safe in the hands of the Qing court.And facing each other across the sea, there is an additional French military base, and Japan can't bear it anyway. Therefore, the emperor was unwilling to put pressure on the Qing court on the North Korean issue, and aimed at Taiwan. But Zhu Tian, ​​who is only looking for a corner, doesn't care, he can't let the younger brothers down, otherwise how will he lead the team in the future? So the fanatic Druk Thiam staged a coup without waiting for the government's approval. All battles are heart wars.Zhu Tian knows better than anyone the consequences of provoking frontier provocations, and the vacillation deep in his heart doomed the outcome of this campaign. When the Qing army rushed to the palace, Yuan Shikai was surprised to find that the "leading party" had not closed the gate of the palace!In a trance, I thought the other party was playing an empty city trick. In fact, Zhutian wanted to create the illusion that the situation had returned to normal, and hoped that the Qing army would face the reality and mourn.It would be acceptable to change someone else, but what a pity he met Yuan Datou. Before the fight, Yuan Shikai kept an eye out.He sent a letter to Zhutian, pretending to be stupid, saying that the civil strife in North Korea, our army and your ministry share the responsibility to protect the king.Now the minds of the people in the city are in chaos, and there are rumors that the rioters are planning to break into the palace. "My brother was afraid that the king would be frightened again, and that your department would be besieged, so he led the army into the palace to help your department. He had no other intentions." Get rid of the responsibility. After waiting for a while without receiving a reply, Yuan Shikai circulated the letter to everyone and kept a copy for himself before starting the war. After entering the palace, the defenders fired fiercely, and the guns rained like a rain. The Qing army fought back, and the two sides fought fiercely. Front, back, left, and right, everyone fell down.In the smoke, Yuan Shikai's face was stained with blood, and he took the lead bravely.Suddenly, the enemy's machine guns were fired, and with the sound of "da da", two more soldiers stepped on landmines and were blown into the air. The landmine was no more than ten steps away from Datou, and the sound knocked him to the ground, slightly hurting him. When he got up again, his eyes were already blurry.He drew his sword and looked around, his tinnitus covering the ambient sound. Yuan Shikai, have you forgotten your ideals and vows?Have you forgotten the upside-down suffering of the hungry people waiting to be fed in "Ding Wu Qi Famine"? ! You can't forget.Because when you were very young, the person who didn't treat people as human beings talked about benevolence and righteousness instead?Why are good ideas written in books but never realized; bad things have been done, but only a small part is recorded in the book? Scholars are shaking their lips and tongues, tirelessly cultivating a plant called "knowledge" in their one-acre three-point land, but they don't know that for thousands of years, the possibility of character arrangement and combination has been exhausted, but it has not yet been realized. To solve a fundamental problem: 为什么正义战胜不了邪恶，光明从来输给黑暗？ 慰庭，你的降生就是为了终结这道斯芬克斯之谜。 因此，那颗大脑袋里装着的不是血肉，是信念。而信念，慰庭，是杀不死的。 想到这，袁世凯重新振作起来，号召大家并进。一时间，士卒争先，声震屋瓦。 眼看战局不利，竹添怕了，率军退回使馆。金玉均和朴泳孝跟得很紧，却犯下一个致命的错误：把国王扔了。 没了国王，政变就失去了合法性。还好洪英植清醒，护卫李熙出宫赴北庙避难。 混乱中，闵妃带着王子跑到清军大营。 袁世凯一直打到景佑宫后院，才看见吴兆有被两个士兵搀着，一边哭一边仓皇走避。 大头问他缘故，回答说：“自己一入宫就受到攻击，士兵们都逃跑溃散，不知所踪。” 袁世凯笑道：“你这副模样，敌人就能放过你吗？不要乱我军心，赶紧回营收拾残兵吧。” 天快黑时，胜负已定，只剩下一些零星的枪声。 之前一直没看到张光前。原定计划张部走西路，率军攻打金虎门。眼下都打扫战场了，才发现张光前的部队蹲在金虎门内的高墙下躲避子弹，未发一枪进一步。 大头不禁叹息道：“淮军的暮气怎么严重到这种地步！” 而且，经此实战，袁世凯发现一个严重的问题：淮军士兵放枪时竟不直视敌人，眼睛看着一旁，一副不忍杀生的模样！ 如此打仗，可谓形同儿戏。 夜间，打探到国王下落后，袁世凯又带兵去夺，洪英植试图阻拦被杀。 与此同时，日本使馆遭到汉城市民的围攻，竹添为防不测，在致信袁世凯推诿过责后烧了使馆，带着馆员、驻军和“带路党”骨干逃往仁川领事馆。 次日，李熙在袁世凯营中召集金允植、沈舜泽，并召见各国使节，告以政变平息。 回宫后，袁世凯应李熙之邀，居于偏殿，朝夕会晤，握手谈心。各曹大臣每日必造访袁世凯禀告公事，大头一手秉笔，一手按剑，俨然青年版大院君。 北风如刀，满地冰霜，汉城的冬天滴水成冰。 光秃秃的树枝上挂满了冰凌，在风中摇摆。市民们穿着厚厚的棉衣在街上匆匆走过。透过结满冰花的窗户，依稀可见屋里的人围着炉火在烤手。 袁世凯踱来踱去，忐忑地等待朝廷的钦差。 李鸿章接到甲申政变的报告时非常震惊，而朝廷的注意力正集中于西南边陲，对朝鲜的风吹草动只以平息事端为要。 没过几天，新的报告递上来：我军翻盘了。 慈禧愣了：跟我玩欲扬先抑吗？ 但内心还是蛮欣慰的。 同时收到的还有两份文书，一份是日本政府要求严惩袁世凯的照会，另一份是以吴兆有为首的庆军老人写的联名信。 信中说袁世凯有严重的经济问题。 这可真是另辟蹊径。 慈禧当即着都察院左副都御使吴大澂以钦差的身份，赴朝查明真相。 同一时刻，袁世凯关于政变始末的详细报告也送到了北洋。览毕，李鸿章不禁击节赞赏。 他立刻发电报给行至山海关的吴大澂，提醒他袁世凯有一份报告，抵朝后勿忘索取一阅。 按理说，宗主国钦差驾临如皇上亲临，朝鲜国王必须亲来看望。李熙不知道哪根筋又搭错了，在吴大澂抵达的当天跑去会见新任日本公使井上馨。 要不是袁世凯出面协调，制止李熙，吴大澂肯定下不来台。 第二天答拜国王，袁世凯又为吴大澂准备了一场好戏。 在通往王宫的大路上，一路所见，尽是立于道旁的木牌，上书袁世凯在朝的功德事迹。 吴大澂疑窦丛生地望着袁世凯，世凯则佯装大怒，令人悉数拔去。 返回时，又见如此功德碑，且有朝鲜人跪护于牌旁。袁世凯遂指使手下策鞭驱之，然而驱之复来，势不能当。见此情景，翰林出身、读书读傻了的吴大澂不由得感叹万分。 吴大澂不是瑞澂，比较有血性。都察院又是愤青的乐园，一天到晚就愁中国不多造几艘航母，一有风吹草动便跳出来喊中国不高兴。所以，看完袁世凯的报告，铁杆主战派吴大澂已有心维护。 袁世凯的出色反衬了吴兆有和张光前的懦弱，对二人的态度，吴大澂不经意间有些轻视。 这更引起了两人的不满。见吴钦差对袁世凯“骄矜用兵”的罪名不以为意，两人便猛揭其挪用军饷一事。 大头素非贪财之人，钱多害志，只要手头有闲钱就拿去做感情投资。徐世昌、阮忠枢早年贫困时，都曾接受过大头不菲的资助。 此番也不例外。 攻打王宫时，朝鲜新军死了不少人，留下一批孤儿寡母，情景凄凉。再加上大乱之后要收拢人心，增强朝人对华的向心力，袁世凯便不经批准，用军饷赈济了烈士遗孀。 动机虽好，但究属违纪。李鸿章即使内心认同，也不得不照顾庆军老人的情绪。 当初吴大澂抵达汉城时，吴兆有等人迎候于江边，而袁世凯则单骑迎于南门之外，可见嫌隙之深。 好友金允植回忆说：“外国人都以流言诋毁慰庭，清军诸将也嫉妒其功劳而中伤他，慰庭因此愤懑不已。” 堂叔袁保龄写信安慰大头说：“行有不得，反求诸己。怨天尤人，有何益处？” 是到了退一步的时候了。有云：直木先伐，甘井先竭。谋万世者又岂在乎一时之得失？于是，袁世凯以养母身体不适为由，提出回乡省亲。 袁保龄得知后，拍腿叫好：“此子狡狯，胜过老叔！”但还是写信提醒道：“你到了天津，千万不要谈吴兆有一字短处。切记，此事关乎你的前程。” 回国时，吴大澂欣赏袁世凯的才干，让他上了自己的座船。 一路上，两人促膝长谈，吴大澂愈发赏识。工于篆书的他欣然为大头题写了一联： 凡秀才，当以天下为任；求忠臣，必于孝子之门。 到达山东港口时，丁汝昌亲自驾小船来迎，并对袁世凯不吝溢美之词：“功成身退，舍得开，走得出，君真伟人也！” 吴大澂后来也对李鸿章说：“公一向以张幼樵（张佩纶）为天下奇才，在我看来天下奇才非幼樵，乃袁某也。” 身为张爱玲的爷爷，张佩纶的文才不用怀疑。作为清流派领袖，没被他骂过的封疆大吏也就只有一个李鸿章——当然，岳丈大人是不能随便骂的。 被张佩纶弹劾过的，光三品以上大员就有二十一人，三品以下不胜枚举。见张大人弹个人比弹棉花还轻松，一帮愤青便推他为盟主，替他们出头。 再加上张佩纶“仪容俊伟”，上个街粉丝都要围观尖叫。于是，连他爱穿竹布长衫的习惯也被人竞相模仿。 二十三岁中进士的张佩纶成名不可谓不早。慈禧利用清流打击疆臣的平衡术更使其声望如日中天。 结果却是，摔得很惨。 1884年，奕訢被赶出总理衙门，代之以更听话的奕譞。慈禧已无需清流党替她看家护院，正好张佩纶又义愤填膺地骂法国，便把他派到福建去指挥海战。 张佩纶不是王守仁，握笔的手提不动枪。到了福建水师的军港马尾，看见法国海军威武的战舰，当场不吭声了。 水师官兵见他一副双眉紧锁的冷峻表情，以为能拿出什么鬼斧神工的作战计划，结果当晚就被告知要收缴弹药，严禁开衅。 其实张佩纶的运气已然很好，因为他的对手法军统帅是海军中将孤拔。 孤拔比较孤傲，死要面子。开战前宋襄公附体，无视“春秋无义战”的现实，不肯搞突然袭击，而是颇有骑士风范地提前将宣战布告和开战时间送到了张佩纶的行辕。 此时是上午八点，海岸涨潮，势态不利于法舰，但凡有一丁点儿韦小宝的气质，立即开打，孤拔就只有滚回法兰西了。 没想到张佩纶是宋襄公加强版，竟派人联系孤拔，说时间太紧，您再延一天，让我们准备好了再打…… 孤拔脑袋又不是方的，自然不会接受这么荒谬的要求。 结果，福建水师惨败，十一艘军舰被击沉。张佩纶因临阵脱逃遭撤职充军，从此一蹶不振。 北洋衙门，李鸿章第一次见到袁世凯。 在问及同庆军将领的矛盾时，大头坦荡以对，绝口不提吴兆有。李鸿章故意论及吴兆有告他黑状的事，大头道：“我若有错，谁都可以说。若没有错，错就在说我的人，与我有何相干？” 李鸿章“咨嗟叹服”。其后再遇吴兆有诬告袁世凯，不唯不听，且在查明真相后将吴撤职。 The most humble people are invincible. 1885年，让中国觉得最贱的两个国家无疑是法国和日本。一脸欠揍的表情不远万里跑过来招惹你，一拳被放倒，爬起来捂着脸让你赔医药费。 井上馨就是个中典型，带着陆军两个营，三艘兵船，气势汹汹来到朝鲜，准备敲竹杠。 而且人明确说，这是日本和朝鲜的双边谈判，不是三方会谈，更不是六方会谈。见到李熙后，井上馨咆哮着给他算账：你看，日馆被焚了！你看，日本人被害了！ 不知道的还以为他家祖坟被人刨了。 李鸿章的指示很不给力，让李熙委曲求全，哪怕牺牲利益，万勿与日本相抗。 这彻底粉碎了朝鲜王室托庇清廷的幻想。 对李鸿章的行径不能简单地理解为喜欢卖国，毕竟，没有慈禧的授意，他在谈判桌上周旋的余地很小。 当然，慈禧也不喜欢卖国，卖国又不是卖身，要承担历史骂名。那句广为传颂的“量中华之物力，结与国之欢心”是在有生命之虞的特殊情境下被迫说出的，非其本意。 慈禧身上的弱点带有鲜明的妇人色彩，爱作意气之争，尤其当权位受到威胁时，军国大事亦可全然不顾。 而奕訢这辈子最后悔的事就是辛酉政变时帮慈禧上位。此恨绵绵无绝期，以至于临死时还不忘预测一番： 我大清江山必亡于方家园（慈禧娘家）！ 历史走向表明“我大清江山”其实亡于洹上村。 慈禧的后半生，只有奕訢敢跟她对着干。今天让她杀安德海，明天反对重修圆明园，可谓积怨已久。 中法战争打响后，慈禧躲在暗处，把军机首揆、总理衙门总理奕訢推到前台，是战是和，自己从不表态。 宋朝以降，主战派占据了道德制高点，绥靖总是让人联想到秦桧。其实，该战该和，要审时度势，不能意气用事。 办了那么多年洋务，深知差距；打了无数次交道，怕了洋人。因此，战争一开始，奕訢就想和。慈禧看准时机，暗中鼓动清流党弹劾奕訢的“和局”。 众口嚣嚣，难展拳脚，奕訢在中法冲突问题上时战时和，始终没有定见。 结果，广西巡抚徐延旭贻误战机，导致清军节节败退。言官上疏说，奕訢坐镇中枢，对用人负有失察之责，请求治罪。 慈禧这才以主战派的面目登场，给奕訢安了个“徘徊不定，因循日甚”的罪名，投闲置散，将军机处大换血。 时维制约慈禧的最后一道屏障慈安去世三年后，史称“甲申易枢事件”。 奕譞作为一颗政治新星，冉冉升起。 作为道光第七子，奕譞（1840—1891）的能力远不如他两个哥哥。然而，这正是慈禧所需要的。 同治驾崩时，皇后已怀有身孕，两宫皇太后（慈禧、慈安）召集王公大臣议立嗣君。 奕訢首先抗言，说皇后诞生之期不久，应暂秘不发丧。如生皇子，自当嗣立；如所生为女，再议新帝不迟。 慈禧反驳说现在南方乱事未定，国不可一日无主，皇位久悬恐动摇国本。 慈安显然想引奕訢为奥援牵制慈禧，表态说：“恭王之子可以承袭大统。” 奕訢叩头，连道不敢，自己则推荐了溥伦。溥伦是道光长子的长孙，溥字辈中排第一，接载淳（同治）之位，合情合理，也是舆论的主流。 慈禧转谓慈安道：“据我之意，似当立奕譞之子载湉（光绪），宜即决定，不可耽延时候。” 奕訢闻言，怒谓其弟道：“立长一层，可以全然弃置不顾吗？” 事实上，一向谦抑谨慎的奕譞根本没料到慈禧会来这么一出，以至于当天一回到家肝病就犯了，不省人事。 奕譞论才论志都不如奕訢，人就想过一贫嘴张大民的幸福生活。即使他的福晋是慈禧的妹妹，也没有助长其一丝一毫的气焰，反而愈发小心。 慈禧曾赐给他夫妻俩一顶杏黄轿，奕譞一次也没敢坐进去。 他把家里的正厅命名为“思谦堂”，书房取名为“退省斋”。斋里的条几上摆着一