Chapter 3 Chapter One Standing at the Corner of History
In September 1908, Yuan Shikai's fiftieth birthday.
The Yuan Mansion, located in Xila Hutong near Wangfujing, barely squeezed in a thousand people.The dignitaries in Beijing were everywhere, and Sun Wen (1866-1925)'s revolution was half successful when a bomb was dropped.
A stage was set up in front of the main hall, and Tan Xinpei, a famous Peking Opera actor, was performing hard.
Two days ago, Tan Mansion.
Natong, a cabinet scholar, visited in person and expressed his intention: please come to Yuan's mansion to sing.
Tan Xinpei is very popular, even Cixi is a fan of him, so he naturally deserves "Yan Shisan".
He said to Na Tong: "If you want to greet me, I will sing." Na Tong, a first-rank official, did not wait for him to finish speaking, and Ann had already invited him.
The street from the alley to Donghuamen was crowded with horse-drawn carriages, and military police stood guard along the way.
On the same day, Shoulian and Shouping in Beijing and Tianjin were sold out.
Looking at the couplets made of high-quality lacquered paper, Yuan Shikai had mixed feelings.
Youyou (you, meaning strategy) is active and guarded, and you will be blessed, live and have many men.
This is a couplet written by Prince Qing Yikuang (1838-1917).
As the last foreman minister of military aircraft, Yikuang, who ignored political affairs and devoted himself to accepting bribes, was dubbed the boss of "Qingji Company".
Different from the decaying scene of the Forbidden City in the afterglow of the setting sun, the Prince Qing's Mansion located outside Andingmen is crowded and bustling.
In addition to the magnificent theater building and the day-to-day banquets, there are also family mottos written by Yikuang in the hall:
However, the huge contrast between words and deeds makes people have to sigh: it is one thing to praise the precepts, but it is another thing to abide by them.
Before he made his fortune, Yikuang was a poor Baylor who had to borrow money from pawnshops even for the official uniforms of the court.
The unbearable past has created his greedy and sensitive character, so that after he is in a high position, he only wants to make money every day.
Faced with the spectacle that the dynasty was getting thinner and the palace was getting fatter, those who didn't know thought Yikuang was a member of the Tongmenghui lurking inside the Qing court.
Once, an official named Lin Kaimo was released as the acting Jiangxi Xuezheng (acting in charge of Jiangxi Education).Before taking office, as a rule, he must pay a visit to the Minister of Military Aircraft.
As a result, when he visited Qing's mansion, he couldn't get in three times.
Seeing that he couldn't wake up from knocking on his elm head, the guard had no choice but to point it out: "My Lord Lin, there are still three types of door bags, a total of seventy-two taels of door bags."
Unexpectedly, Master Lin was as naive as the first day he arrived in China and just got off the plane, pointing to the Yikuang handwritten letter on the door wall, "Extortion of bribes is strictly prohibited" and said: "Since the prince said this, how dare I?"
The guard didn't know whether to laugh or cry, so he almost replied, "Do you really believe it?"
Of course, you can't talk nonsense on the scene, the guard said sternly: "You have to say the same thing as the prince, and you can't save the money of your Lord Lin!"
After a lot of hard work, he finally took office, but Lin Kaimo still didn't do it (strategy).Soon, he received a letter from Beijing, which stated that "as long as 8,000 taels of silver, he can act on his behalf, eliminating the need for agency, which really makes up for this gap."
It's a pity that Lin Xuetai was brainwashed by exam-oriented education since he was a child.
As a result, the imperial decree was soon ushered in: immediately open the vacancy and send it back to the original post.
In fact, more officials have already been impregnated exquisitely, so there is no need to worry about it.
Chen Bi, an idle official at the Taoist level, often sighed and cursed because of his official career, and was seen by his relatives who opened a gold shop in Beijing.
Relatives came and went in and out of the Qing mansion every now and then, willing to help him, so during a certain visit, they offered Yikuang the rare Dongzhu hidden in the store.
The chairman of Qingji Company was shocked.He looked at it for a long time, and asked pretendingly, "How much is it worth?"
The relative said: "This is a gift from my family, Chen Bi."
Yikuang feigned surprise: "I've never met you before, how can I accept it?"
The relative said calmly: "He wanted to see the old prince, but he didn't dare to make a mistake."
With money to pave the way, except for rebellion, anything can be done.
The next day, Chen Bi entered the Qing Mansion, presented fifty thousand taels of silver borrowed, and lost no time in worshiping Yikuang as his godfather, which made the old man overjoyed.
Sure enough, Chen Bi made his way to the top without any suspense, until he became the secretary of the Ministry of Posts and Communications.
Bribery in our country is a knowledge taught from one door to another and has strong practicality. There is nothing impossible to do, only dare not think about it.
Therefore, compared with Chen Kuilong, who was the governor of Zhili, Chen Bi was a little less coquettish.
Governor Chen is both godson and son-in-law.Although his wife is not in the entertainment industry, she recognized Yi Kuang as her godfather very early on.The two of them worked together, coaxing Lao Qing into a circle.
As a foster daughter, Mrs. Chen stays in the Qing mansion all the year round like a resident singer. When Yikuang goes to court, she personally hangs court beads for her.When the beads are cold in winter, they should be warmed in the chest first, and then hung on the neck, so that there is a joke in the public that "the hundred and eight Muni (rosary beads) hang them by themselves, and they still carry the fragrance of frankincense when they go back."
Chen Kuilong even tried his best, filial piety day and night, which made Yikuang feel embarrassed, and advised: "You are too much trouble, you have to save trouble in the future."
Chen Kuilong said generously: "My son-in-law's mere love still requires adults to worry about it. How can I be safe? I beg you not to care about such trivial matters in the future."
Taking bribes has indeed become a trivial matter in Qingji.
Lu Chuanlin, Minister of Military Affairs, had served as the governor of Shaanxi for more than ten years, but he was far less familiar with the fat and thin officials of the prefectures and counties in Guanzhong than Yikuang, who was sitting in the capital.
Moreover, there is often a box on the imperial case in the living room of the Qing Mansion, and when visitors come to see Yikuang, they must take the initiative to put in silver tickets and gold bars, so as to avoid the false politeness of pushing and shoving during the handover.
It was Yang Shiqi (1862-1918), the general manager of the Shipping Merchants Bureau, who helped Yuan Shikai get on Yikuang.
Before that, Yikuang, who was in charge of the Prime Minister's Yamen, was annoyed that the big head was getting close to Rong Lu, the chief minister of military aircraft, and once said through his subordinates: "Yuan Weiting? He only knows Rong Zhonghua and looks down on us!"
Indeed, Yuan Shikai once said to his confidants: "There is only one Ronglu among the full staff, but he is already dead. The rest are all corpses and vegetarians."
In 1903, Rong Lu was critically ill, and Yuan Shikai found out that Yikuang was his successor.
In order to reverse the bad impression, he resorted to Yang Shiqi, the chief think tank.
This person made suggestions and suggestions for the big head, and made great achievements repeatedly, and his scheming was no less than Xu Shichang's.If Xu is Xun Yu, Yang is Jia Xu.
Yang Shiqi, who was born in Juren, was Li Hongzhang's staff in his early years, and he signed the "Xin Chou Treaty" with the master and foreigners.
At that time, Li Hongzhang had run out of energy and was too lazy to talk nonsense with Yikuang, who was also a peace negotiating minister.He sent Yang Shiqi to inform the foreigners of any new motions.
Yang Shiqi, who is good at flattering, soon got acquainted with Yikuang, which laid the groundwork for the subsequent matchmaking.
Even for Yi Kuang, who was easier to accept bribes than enjoy the cool air, what Yang Shiqi offered was astronomical.
One hundred thousand taels of silver bill.
Ecstatic in his heart, he hypocritically declined: "Yuan Weiting is too troublesome, how can I accept him."
Yang Shiqi said calmly: "Yuan Gongbao knows that the prince will enter the military plane soon. He has to go to the palace every day to do business in the military plane, and the eunuchs next to Lafayette will definitely ask the prince to congratulate him, and the fee is not small. This is a meager kindness As the prince's petty use when he came to office, he will have to pay special service in the future."
The impeccable rhetoric made Yikuang accept the huge sum of money with peace of mind.
Yuan Shikai really said what he said, not only arranged the weddings and funerals of the Qing Mansion, and the full moon of his children and grandchildren, but also gave 30,000 yuan of "living expenses" regularly.
The rewards are great, too.As the governor of Zhili and the minister of Beiyang, Yuan Shikai, with the help of Yikuang, created a political situation in the late Qing Dynasty in which "half of the governors of the world came from Beiyang".
Through the window, looking at the officials, businessmen and scribes coming in and out, Yuan Shikai showed a subtle sneer at the corner of his mouth.
Everyone gathered together for their own interests, turning this birthday banquet in Yuan Mansion into a stage.
The stage a year ago was Yikuang's 70th birthday.While announcing the prohibition of accepting gifts, he secretly prepared the account books and divided them into four levels: "Fu, Lu, Shou, and Xi", and recorded them separately according to the amount of gift money.The longevity screens and small red envelopes given by some officials with poor financial resources are included in the special book, which cannot be seen by the owner at all.
But for Yuan Shikai, who was not short of money and not greedy for money, the purpose of receiving gifts was to measure the importance of himself in the other party's heart, and adjust personnel arrangements based on this.
Life cannot be without your own script, otherwise you will live in someone else's script.
Sixty-seven out of ten of the people who came to pay their respects were characters from the big-headed book, and they knew each other well without writing biographies of the characters.The rest are extras, or "passers-by of history".
Although Yikuang was not present, he was also an important supporting role.Don't look at Yang Shiqi running around the door of the Manchu dignitaries every day, giving money and face, flattering and flattering, but secretly calling these parasites "children"-a certain Baylor is "Tonghui", and a certain prince is "Tongnian"... …
Who controls whom cannot be seen from the surface alone.
And Yikuang is Yuan Shikai's biggest puppet.He manipulated this coin-operated puppet and dragged down the Qing court.
There was a sudden commotion outside, and looking around, it turned out that the couplet from Zhang Zhidong (1837-1909) had arrived.
There were nine translations by Wang Zhangwei (generally referring to the Western powers), and Shou Rudan called Zuo Zhongguang.
The first couplet praised Yuan Shikai as a diplomatic expert, while the second couplet used Zhou Gong and Zhao Gong, the virtuous ministers who assisted King Cheng of Zhou, as metaphors to praise himself and the big head who assisted the Qing court.
People at that time described this pair of Taishan Beidou as "Yuan Shikai has no learning and skill, Zhang Zhidong has learning but no skill", but they don't know that nothing is as good as soldiers.
In the process of building up and training the new army in the late Qing Dynasty, Zhang and Yuan, one south and one north, were equal, but the former had no intention of cultivating personal power, while the latter waited for opportunities to grow.
Ironically, since Zhang Zhidong valued the cultural qualities of soldiers, the Eighth Town of the New Army gathered soldiers who could read and write.The direct consequence of "enlightenment" was to turn Hubei into the fuse of the fall of the Qing Dynasty.
The last important arrangement of Cixi in her dying years was to transfer the two "pillars" to Beijing as Minister of Military Aircraft, taking the opportunity to deprive (chi) of military power.
Fortunately, Yuan Shikai said that the direct governor had been in office for many years, the capital was full of cronies, and he was also a minister of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Ministry of Foreign Affairs). If he did not train troops, he would be able to engage in diplomacy.
After Mr. Zhang came to Beijing, he lived in the Pantheon far away from the Forbidden City, so it was inconvenient for him to go to court.Yuan Shikai immediately vacated a compound in Xila Hutong for him to live in.
Although Zhang Zhidong was spared the pain of running around, the price he paid was being monitored by Yuan Shikai day and night.
Once, an official from another province came to Beijing to pay a visit to Yuan Shikai, and asked casually, "Have you ever met Zhang Zhongtang?"
The visitor said truthfully, "I dare not go if I haven't seen you."
Yuan Shikai nodded and said, "Well, it is true that your name was not in the door book yesterday."
The two tigers are fighting, and Cixi's goal has been achieved.
In fact, with Yuan Shikai's measure, even if Zhang Zhidong let go of his arrogance, the two of them would never get into a stalemate. After all, the latter's qualifications and fame are beyond the reach of the big ones.
But Zhang Zhidong probably hated the social atmosphere of buying and selling diplomas (the big head's fame is donated), and he preferred to rely on the old to sell the old. When Yuan Shikai just became the governor of Zhili, he gave him a blow when he passed by Jiangning (Nanjing).
As the acting governor of Liangjiang, Zhang Zhidong actually fell asleep while drinking, and no one else dared to call him. Yuan Shikai really couldn't wait, so he left first.
Unexpectedly, after Mr. Zhang "woke up" from the wine, he hurriedly ordered his subordinates to chase him, and wanted to invite him back.
The big head wanted to give up, but couldn't bear the persuasion of the crowd, so he had to turn back and finish the farewell scene of "talking over wine" without embarrassment.
Another time, Zhang Zhidong, already the governor of Huguang, passed by Baoding to meet Yuan Shikai.
During the banquet, Yang Shixiang, Yuan Shikai's confidant and Zhili Chief Envoy (Governor of Zhili Province) accompanied him.
With Yang Shixiang who was born in the Imperial Academy, Zhang Zhidong's eyes lit up, and he chatted enthusiastically. He talked about the old affairs of the Imperial Academy, and Yuan Shikai was left alone, as if no one was there.
Datouku sat on the side, unable to speak a word.
Afterwards, Zhang Zhidong said to people: "I don't want Yuan Weiting to be the governor, but the feudal secretary (political envoy) still has Yang Lian Mansion (Yang Shixiang)!"
After Yuan Shikai heard about it, he joked: "Since you are known by Xiangshuai, why don't you ask him to play a tune in Hubei?"
Yang Shixiang said with a smile: "Even if Xiang Shuai has this intention, I don't want to serve this kind of boss!"
Zhang Zhidong, a 16-year-old Zhongjieyuan (the first name Juren), who was successful in his youth, worked as a copywriter in Zhang Zhiwanmu, the eldest brother Zhang Zhiwan, who was the governor of Henan at the time.
The talented little copywriter can't get used to the pedantic and old-fashioned bad habits of the officialdom, and often stimulates writing and criticizes current abuses.Zhang Zhiwan read the manuscript and thought, "If I hand it in, I should go home and sell sweet potatoes." He joked, "It's very well written, but it's not too late to play it when my brother is in charge."
During the examination, Zhang Zhidong still spoke freely and accused Chen Shizheng, which aroused controversy among the examiners.In the end, Cixi resisted all opinions and designated it as Tanhua.Therefore, throughout his life, Zhang Zhidong was deeply grateful to the Queen Mother.
The most obvious example is that when Tongzhi died, Cixi forced the four-year-old Guangxu to continue to listen to the government behind the curtain, but was strongly opposed by the officials. Wu Kedu, the head of the official department, even took poison to death.Seeing that the situation was about to get out of control, Zhang Zhidong stood up and said with awe-inspiring righteousness: "It is based on the holy will and in line with the family law", and turned the tide with a magnificent and rigorous memorial.
After he was released as the governor of Shanxi, he vigorously banned smoking; and when he was the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, he vigorously developed the gaming industry (gambling) in order to raise military pay, which attracted various criticisms.
In 1903, Yikuang, who had just become a foreman, invited Zhang Zhidong to Beijing to discuss the special examination.
Under the steps of the duty room of the military aircraft outside Qianqingmen, Zhang Zhidong stopped.No matter who greets you, just don't step on it.Qu Hongxu (ji, 1850-1918), Minister of Military Aircraft, suddenly realized that: Yongzheng had written instructions from the imperial pen, and anyone who trespassed in an important place for military aircraft would be killed.
Two hundred years later, the ancestral system has long been forgotten, but Zhang Zhidong is very strict in self-discipline and cautious.
Yikuang had no choice but to let Qu Hongxuan and others accompany Zhang Zhidong to hold an open-air meeting outside the door.
The "Gengchen Meridian Gate Case" in 1880 showed Master Zhang's eunuch skills in a three-dimensional way.
On the day of the incident, Cixi sent eunuch Li Sanshun to deliver Mid-Autumn Festival food to her younger sister (Yizhen's wife).According to regulations, eunuchs cannot go through the Meridian Gate when they leave the palace. Li Sanshun, the person involved, insisted on leaving without knowing what kind of stimulation, and had a dispute with the guards of the Meridian Gate.
Li Sanshun forcibly broke through the barrier, but lost to the guards due to physical defects.In a fit of anger, he threw away the food box, ran back in tears, and complained to Cixi.
Cixi was furious and insisted on severely punishing these guards who beat dogs without looking at their masters, and the "first offender" should be sentenced to death.
The ruling and opposition parties were dissatisfied, and the crowd was furious.Under the coordination of various parties, the sentence was finally changed to exile or imprisonment, but the perpetrator Li Sanshun escaped unscathed.
The Qingliu Party was furious, and they went to Shushu to protest.Zhang Zhidong, respected as the leader of Qingliu, remained motionless, sitting and watching the clouds rise and fall.
Two months later, something dramatic happened.
At noon that day, Cixi was sitting in the Xinuang Pavilion, preparing to eat, when there was a sudden coughing sound outside, she hurriedly asked who it was, and replied "internal prison".Looking around, he was a commoner old man, holding a cigarette stick, spitting smoke rings, and spitting non-stop.
Cixi was shocked, and after ordering someone to arrest and interrogate, she learned that the old man knew an eunuch in the palace and asked him to take her to the palace to open his eyes.
The two entered the palace from Shenwumen.The guards did not dare to stop them because of the lessons learned from the past.Afterwards, the eunuch left for something, and the old man wandered around and lost his way, so he walked into the deep palace.
Cixi was furious again.The old man was executed, and the eunuchs and guards were either dismissed or exiled. The imperial edict wrote ironically: "The gate control is so loose that it is really disgusting."
Zhang Zhidong found out that the time had come, so he went out immediately, and Shangshu denounced the eunuch's outrageous and wretched behavior, described the terrible consequences of the gate control being in vain, and asked the Ministry of Internal Affairs to strictly restrain the eunuch.
Shuzhong did not mention the grievances of the Meridian Gate guards, but made Cixi "self-realize" by insinuating, secretly lightened the punishment of the guards, and punished Li Sanshun lightly.
Prince Gong Yixin (xin) took the chapter book and said to the censors: "The excerpts you submitted are really a joke, this is the real memorial book!"
If you still don't understand Zhang Xiangshuai's tossing and turning, it will be clear when you compare it with Li Hongzhang.
If Li Hongzhang is brave enough to handle affairs, Zhang Zhidong is good at handling affairs.Those who are brave enough to do things know that they can't do it, they have edges and corners, and even have the sacrifice spirit of hell if I don't go to hell.
For Zhang Zhidong, abolishing the imperial examination can be described as the most magnificent turnaround in his later years.
This matter was led by Yuan Shikai (Governor of Zhili), Zhang Zhidong (a model scholar), and four provincial and ministerial-level senior officials were jointly titled, and the momentum was huge.
No matter how smooth and tactful the transition is, the end of the standard of material selection that has lasted for more than a thousand years still has an incalculable impact on the hearts and minds of the world.
Liu Dapeng, a native of Shanxi, has worked as a school teacher for a wealthy businessman for nearly twenty years.After the bad news of the abolition of the imperial examination came, the world view collapsed.
In his diary he wailed:
When I wake up in the morning, my heart is ashamed, and everything in front of me is empty, and nothing can last forever;
No one pays attention to the study of poems, and ten years from now there may be no one who writes and writes;
There are many people who lost their library (unemployment) among the same people.Sigh!Scholars are the heads of the four peoples. They have lost their jobs and have no skills to make a living. What will happen when they are born at this time?
In fact, what Liu Dapeng disillusioned was exactly what Yuan Shikai hoped for.
"Developing modern education and cultivating new-style talents" is just a superficiality. For Datou, the purpose of abolishing the imperial examination is only one-to smash the Chinese-style success.
Since China does not produce Sartre, no one tells the grassroots that "others are hell", so everyone lives in the evaluation system of others.
In fact, how can there be any "success" in the casino?We are brutally deprived of the right to "not want to be successful" and ridiculed as trash - people assume that all "success" is worth pursuing. This logic is really invincible.
What's even more frightening is that you are perverted because of society, and society is even more perverted because of you.
When Cao Qiqiao was young, she was full of heart, longing for freedom and pursuing true love.It is a pity that due to the poor family background, the parents married the second young master of the Jiang family who was congenitally disabled as a bargaining chip in exchange for benefits.
As a result, on one page you still sympathized with her, on the next page she turned into a mean and bitter woman, inflicting her own love tragedy on her daughter Chang'an.
Everyone is a victim, everyone is a murderer, and they have worked together to create a common karma that does not know Iyhudi.
Adam Smith said long ago: "Justice and morality are two different things. Justice is the pillars supporting an edifice, and morality is the ornament of the edifice."
If there is no skin, how will the hair be attached?
Justice is actually very simple, whoever belongs to whom.Therefore, stealing people's rights and corrupting people's anointing can be described as the most unrighteous things in the world.Instead of being ashamed, he talked about "the wrath of the emperor, laying down millions of corpses, and bleeding thousands of miles", which is even more disgusting.
No one is willing to be humble, only people have to be humble.The so-called inferiority is by no means an inevitability of human nature.Dignity, who was deprived of it?
A good society can get rid of darkness and inspire pure goodness, while the opposite can only bring despair and depravity.Over time, truth has been ridiculed as pedantic, conscience has been ridiculed as useless, and only money can make people feel secure and measure success.
So you are disillusioned.
Yuan Shikai finally understood that only by completely saying goodbye to the Chinese style of success in terms of values, and everyone seeking their own way out and earning their own living, can the evil system collapse.
The trend of history is the best proof.
The fall of the Qing court was not due to the riots of the revolutionary party.Given the size of China, the local riots in the era of hot weapons were nothing more than mass incidents; the death of the Qing court was not due to Liang Qichao's enlightenment.Yunyun grass root has its own logic of seeking advantages and avoiding disadvantages, but it is just a beautiful fantasy.
The demise of the Qing court was actually caused by Yuan Shikai's bottom line.
With the death talisman of abolishing the imperial examinations, outstanding talents will go their separate ways, and there is no need to sit in the office reading newspapers and drinking tea to commemorate our dying youth by the way.
The balance inside and outside the system was instantly out of balance.
Political separation and reunification are extremely frequent. Yesterday they joined hands to fight against stubborn forces, and today they are pinching each other.
One day, in front of the German envoy, Yuan Shikai said bluntly: "Zhang Zhongtang is a scholar, and I am a businessman."
The words reached the ears of Zhang Zhidong's aide, Gu Hongming, and he retorted on the spot in the manner of a spokesman for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs: "That's right, but it depends on what you are doing. If it's an old woman who pours the toilet, of course it doesn't need to be learned. Apart from emptying the toilet, I don't know what else in the world can be done well by an uneducated person!"
Zhang Zhidong's counterattack was even fiercer.
At a certain military aircraft meeting, a group of high-ranking think tanks in the Qing Dynasty discussed an urgent military matter and had to draft it immediately.Zhang Zhidong flicked his sleeves and pushed it to Yuan Shikai, who was not good at writing.
Under the watchful eyes of everyone, the big head couldn't shirk, so he had no choice but to bite the bullet and pick up the pen.
As a result, the more nervous I became, the less inspired I was, and I didn't say a word for a long time.
Zhang Zhidong said with a smile, "When will the masterpiece be finalized?"
Yuan Shikai felt that the old man almost pointed to his nose and said, "As a typical failure, you are really too successful."
Under the stimulation, I finally managed to finish the manuscript.
Zhang Zhidong, who was receiving the manuscript, glanced at Datou and said, "Nowadays there are not even half a master." (Yuan Shikai once said that "there are only three and a half masters in the world."
In fact, a master is not as good as a master.
The so-called masters are not people who make jokes and play tricks on the "Talent Show", but "the one who wants to achieve himself and achieves others".
In the end of Zhang Zhidong's life, the most recommended and promoted talents were Daotai (department and bureau level).The result of caring for feathers is that scholars who are keen on fame do not attach to him.
Those who come to the door to seek an interview are not allowed to enter once seven or eight times; or even if they meet, they will yawn and ask someone to bring tea to see them off after a brief inquiry. It is estimated that only "celebrities" like Gu Hongming who shake their braids at every turn can have an appetite for him.
Coupled with the need for completeness and blame, when the staff made a slight mistake in reporting official affairs, harsh voices spread outside the courtyard.
On the other hand, Yuan Shikai, who believed in "to praise a person, use official documents, and to criticize a person, use a telephone", he can be said to be unscrupulous in digging and utilizing talents.
There is no distinction between the north and the south of the land, and there is no distinction between the old and the young. Anyone who has a skill will spare no money, power and position.
Morality, on the contrary, is not the focus of its consideration.Because the big head knows that morality is often used for show.
Therefore, when morality and ability cannot be combined, Guan Zhong, who hurts friends, and Chen Ping, who steals his wife, is better than raising a group of kind and idle good people. After all, Beiyang Group is not an alliance of useless firewood.
With such a fair and open employment mechanism, the "child prodigies" in the system that will greatly change their resumes in a hundred years will definitely not be able to get along.
There was another commotion outside the window—Yuan Shikai's two gods of wealth, Liang Shiyi (1869-1933) and Zhou Xuexi (1866-1947), had arrived.
Cantonese Liang Shiyi let go of harsh words when he was a child.
Once, the school teacher asked the students to talk about their ideals, and everyone responded positively and healthily, but when it came to Liang, the atmosphere was not right:
When a man is born in the world, if he is not a hero, he should be a bandit.
The teacher was speechless for a long time, and retreated to tell his father: "Your son will not be inferior to Xiao and Cao (Xiao He, Cao Shen) in the future. You should restrain him at the right time so that you will not go astray."
In 1894, Liang Shiyi became a Jinshi in high school and served as editor of the Imperial Academy.During the Reform Movement of 1898, he once advised Liang Qichao: "China must reform today. But if you act rashly and miss one blow, other changes will occur and turn into a chronic disease."
Liang Qichao was speechless.
In 1903, the Qing government held the first special economic examination.In his policy theory, Liang Shiyi has a lot of treasures about the currency system of the past dynasties, and his arguments mostly cite the ancestors of various dynasties. With the mouth of the diehards, it can be said that he has worked hard, and finally won the unanimous approval of the reviewing ministers, and proposed to record the first name.
Unfortunately, the die-hards still went to Cixi to file a complaint: "Most of the people on the list are revolutionaries. Especially Liang Shiyi from Guangdong, 'Liangtou Kangwei' (Kang Youwei's original name is Kang Zuyi), he is known."
Cixi hated Kang Liang the most in her life, and Liang Shiyi could only blame his parents for choosing the wrong name.
However, with Yuan Shikai, a big talent reserve, failing the ranking is just a loss and a harvest.
After this catastrophe, Liang Shiyi's reputation spread far and wide, and Datou deliberately asked Tang Shaoyi, a fellow from Guangdong, to come forward and invite him to join his shogunate, and Liang readily agreed.
Since then, Liang Shiyi has moved from the general office of Beiyang Publishing Bureau to the director of the Railway Bureau of the Post Department (in charge of railways, telegraphs, telephones and postal services) to the establishment of the Bank of Communications.800,000 yuan was withdrawn from the income of the Railway Bureau every month and handed over to Yuan Shikai, which became an out-and-out purse of Beiyang.
However, Yuan Shikai paid more attention to the industrialist Zhou Xuexi, the son of his old friend Zhou Fu.
Zhou Xuexi is to Yuan Shikai what Sheng Xuanhuai is to Li Hongzhang, and together with Zhang Jian, known as "Southern Zhangbei Zhou", he became the general manager of Kaiping Coal Mine at the age of 30.As a result, the supervisor (one level higher than the general office) Zhang Yi was stunned, and the coal mine was cheated by the young Hoover (later US president) with a contract during the Boxer Revolution, and then sold to a British businessman.
Zhou Xuexi resigned angrily when he learned about it, and defected to Yuan Shikai, who was the governor of Shandong at the time, and secretly planned a plan to recapture Kaiping.
Zhou Xuexi believes that energy is the foundation of all industries.He proposed to Datou the strategy of "using Luan to control the development", to open a Luanzhou coal mine ten times larger than it near the Kaiping coal mine, to surround the mine veins in the Kaiping mining area, and then to crush Kaiping through competition and make it submit.
In 1907, Luanzhou Coal Mine Company was established.Yuan Shikai expressed his support and stated that "this mine is an official Beiyang mine, serving military supplies, and it is strictly forbidden for others to mine within a radius of 300 miles."
Zhou Xuexi used both local and foreign methods. He had new coal mining machinery and dug many small coal mines by manpower.For a time, the Kaiping mining area was dotted with stars, ambushed on all sides, and the scene was extremely terrifying.
After the increase in output, Zhou Xuexi fought a price war and quickly seized the Beijing and Tianjin markets.The Kaiping Coal Mine was so disturbed that they had to lower the price accordingly, and the British businessmen complained endlessly.
After fighting the West, fight the East.At that time, Qixin Cement Company, the only large-scale domestic cement factory, took advantage of the trend and developed.
Zhou Xuexi took advantage of the advantages of the government and businessmen to take over almost all major government projects such as the Yellow River Bridge and the Bank of Communications.In order to reduce costs, Luanzhou Coal Mine was also asked to supply coal to Qixin at a 30% discount, forcing Japanese cement out of the Chinese market.
In addition, it took Zhou Xuexi less than two years to lay 200,000 meters of water pipes all over Beijing.At the same time, he also founded various enterprises such as the Industrial Bank of China and Yaohua Glass Company, and became Yuan Shikai's most important financier.
Holding the sky with bare hands and supporting the north, blackheads participate in politics in Japan.
Hearing someone recite this longevity couplet, Yuan Shikai knew that his chief writer Ruan Zhongshu (1867-1917) had arrived.
Important staff members such as Yu Shimei, Xia Shoutian and Zhang Yiling also came together.
Yuan Shikai paid special attention to Zhang Yilin, who had the lowest qualifications, because this was the talent he had snatched from Zhang Zhidong.
In the Special Section of Economics in 1903, Zhang Yiling, who was born in Juren, was ranked second by the chief examiner Zhang Zhidong because of his comprehensive citations to Adam Smith's "The Wealth of Nations", and he planned to assign him to Hubei.
As a result, he was targeted by Yuan Shikai, a professional headhunter. Under his efforts, Zhang Yiling was transferred to Zhili and served as a copywriter in the governor's office.
Zhang Yiling was a scholar at the age of 12. He took part in the provincial examination at the age of 16, and his answers were extremely sophisticated.
The examiner suspected that the gunman was cheating. After collecting all the test papers for inspection, they found that it was indeed Zhang Yiling's writing, and they were recorded as the second.
Zuo Zongtang, the governor of Liangjiang who invigilated the examination, couldn't help but praised: "This son will be promising in the future."
In Datou's impression, this is a loyal and diligent talent, in stark contrast to the bohemian Ruan Zhongshu.
You can see him busy from morning till night.His writing is both skillful and sensitive, and what other people can't express in hundreds of words, he can express clearly in a few dozen words.
What moved the leaders even more was that in the dead of night, all the staff had gone home from get off work.Yuan Shikai couldn't ask for a copy in an emergency, but seeing Zhang Yijin sitting in his own room and still working, he called him to talk and ordered him to draft.
After a few times, Yuan Shikai was deeply moved by Zhang Yiling's efficiency and quality of relying on Ma Kedai.Under his guarantee, Zhang was awarded the title of Tongzhi.
Tongzhi also handles civil cases, so we are delighted to see Mr. Zhang turn the government into a charity organization.
Once, the yamen servant sent a thief, who claimed to be forced by hunger and cold, to steal as a last resort.Zhang Yiling was moved with compassion, not only was he not convicted, but he also took out a few silver dollars and asked him to do some small business.
As a result, it didn't take long for the thief to be arrested for theft again.Zhang Yiling was very angry and asked him why he didn't do business.
The thief said that he lost all his money in business and had no way to borrow money, so he had to go back to his old business.Zhang Yiling believed it to be true, and even gave him a few silver dollars to help him recover.
Unfortunately, a few days later, the thief committed the crime again and was arrested, bowing his head silently.Zhang Yiling ordered the yamen servant to send him to prison.
The thief suddenly burst into tears.Zhang Yiling asked him why, and the thief said: "It is not a pity for a villain to die, but there is an old mother in the family, who is over seventy years old and has trouble moving. If she is not at home for a day, the mother will starve and cry."
Zhang Yiling's mother was moved when she heard it in the back hall, and called her son to come in, and ordered her son to be redoubled and released.
The thief was deeply infected, and finally turned his back on the evil and became self-reliant, which has become a good story...
A long line of yellow shoulders carried the gifts from the Queen Mother, and came to the Yuan Mansion with the drum band clearing the way.
In front of the main entrance, the big head knelt to welcome the royal gift, and carefully placed it on the table at the end of the main hall that had been covered with yellow silk.
Under the watchful eyes of two rows of court officials, Yuan Shikai bowed three times and kowtowed nine times to the table.
In a trance, he seemed to feel that time was frozen.
Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty was always worried that someone would take his life, and he often stroked his head and asked himself: "Good head, who should chop (zhuo, chop) it?"
The land seems accustomed to violence.The house will always be demolished, and the prosperity is like a dream after all, leaving a few sour and rotten literati to post some worthless sighs of millet and talk about table decorations.
The cycle of rise and fall goes back and forth, and the good will never be realized. The disheartened grassroots are just lambs who treat sins one after another. This wolf eats it, and that wolf eats it, until nothingness finds that he is actually a dry food.
Such a sheep either develops the ambition to be a wolf, or becomes indifferent to everything and becomes what Marcuse called a "one-dimensional person", loses the spirit of criticism of society, and blindly agrees with reality.Over time, society as a whole no longer believes that change and progress can happen, and falls into the defeatism of "just dealing with it."
People go through a life of frustration and find out that what they have seen all their lives is false.Everything is as written in Song Qi's poems: "You don't know how to change according to the rules."
At the beginning, the Song people couldn't beat the Jin people, and laughed at themselves, saying: "The Jin people have maces, but I only have the Tianling Gai!" After a long time, they were overwhelmed by the mediocre life. British "Magna Carta"), "ignorance, forgetting or contempt for human rights is the only cause of public misfortune and government corruption" (French "Declaration of Human Rights") and other loud voices can only sigh "white-haired fishermen on Jiangzhu" , I am used to watching the autumn moon and spring breeze".
Cheng Yi said that when you see a fluffy chick, you see benevolence, but there is a common evil in this land, that is, the evildoers do evil not because of evil nature, but because they are insensitive and empty-headed. .
In the desert, people live with amulets of selfishness and hypocrisy.God will not come, a savior will not come, meaning and value will not come.There is no answer to everything, this is a "so-so" world, and it will go on for a long time, no one knows where it is.
What Yuan Shikai faced was such a discrete society in which the officials and the people were not responsible for each other.Officials regard the people as worthless, and the people regard officials as enemies.The interests within the system are intertwined and layer upon layer, with the local government ignoring the central government and departments not caring about the overall situation.
Officials seek their own interests, and whether the court collapses or not has long been irrelevant to them. Anyway, the wives and children have made arrangements and are ready to evacuate the sinking ship at any time.
This is simply a true portrayal of the economic theory "Bazel's Dilemma" - many people will take advantage of things that have no owner.
When everyone regards public power as a cash cow, Yuan Shikai firmly believes that the collapse of the Qing court is only a matter of time.
After all, the people had already walked across the bridge, and the rulers of the Qing Dynasty were still pretending to touch stones in the river, which is unreasonable.
However, tyranny does not have the ability to clean itself, and the wicked will not withdraw voluntarily.Just like you can never wake a person who pretends to be asleep unless the person decides to wake up.That is why Hume said: "We should devise a series of institutions so that, even when rogues occupy government offices, they will serve our interests."
Yuan Shikai has no choice but to put on a heavy and hypocritical mask like Michael Corleone in the movie, and gracefully dance this dance of death on the dim dance floor.
Those who gain power often lose the place of aesthetics.
After ten years in the dye vat of power, Neruda may no longer be able to write poetry.
Therefore, the glory and disgrace of Eastern civilization, conscience and political power were all entwined on Yuan Shikai, writing countless exclamation points and a question mark.
Those that can be corrected are called shortcomings, and those that cannot be corrected are called weaknesses.In fact, history only tells the world one thing: it is impossible to learn from history.
Therefore, Du Mu said: "People in Qin have no time to mourn for themselves, and later generations mourn for them; what later generations mourn for without warning, also makes future generations mourn for future generations." One sentence can sum up the entire Chinese political history.Since the contradiction between public rights and civil rights has not been resolved, the rulers always fall into the same ditch as fate.
Therefore, the six volumes of "The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire" actually only tell one story:
The Roman emperor relied too much on the Praetorian Guard because he was afraid of the assassination of his political enemies and the resistance of the people.As a result, the imperial guards who were originally used as escorts gradually developed into kidnappers who determined the life and death of the emperor.
As a result, violence has become the basic rule for who can be in power.When the imperial guards killed an emperor, they even auctioned off his throne.The absurd thing is that someone really bought it, but after he bought it, he was killed by the imperial guards within a few days.
Perhaps this is why Yuan Shikai was obsessed with systems and procedures.
He valued administrative experience and distrusted spontaneous and unchecked political action.
生在权术大国，你完全可以理直气壮地说：“袁世凯的话，我连标点符号都不信。”
的确，身处于这个动荡不安的魔幻现实主义国家，每个人都不同程度地患有“我不相信”强迫症，由此并发的犬儒意识让我们用更加昏暗的眼神去审视这个原本昏暗无比的世界。
然而，每个人的自我改善是改善社会的必经之路，你总会在某个时间点上选择同世界和解，选择相信。
毕竟，戴一辈子面具，把人生演成一出独角戏，确实很难。但事实上，大多数人在30岁时便死了。一过这个年龄，就变成了自己的影子，以后的生命不过是用来模仿自己，把以前真正有人味的时代所说、所做、所想的事一天天地重复。而且，重复的方式越来越机械，越来越走样。
就像王小波说的那样，生活就是一个缓慢受锤的过程，人一天天老下去，奢望也一天天消失，最后变得像挨了锤的牛一样。
确实，人这辈子，越活越感觉自己无能为力，越活越觉得人生好像没什么意义。
后现代的荒诞就是假如今天生活欺骗了你，不要悲伤，不要哭泣，因为明天生活还会继续欺骗你。杜琪峰那些充斥着宿命与巧合的片子，昆汀电影里前一分钟还大谈《圣经》后一秒便死于非命的杀手。人艰不拆？命运要伤你，就是随便伤。谁说你前面受的苦，便是为后面的幸福按揭？天道酬不酬勤，看老天的心情。故，《无间道》里的陈道明饱经沧桑地感慨道：“从来都是事情改变人，人改变不了事情。”
命运如此残忍，屈贾谊于长沙，窜梁鸿于海曲，用时间这把杀猪刀摧枯拉朽地谋杀着青春、真爱和梦想，把人们塑造成平庸乏味、原则尽失，如打印纸般规整的橡皮人，在随波逐流中褪去生命的意义，最后还派死神在终点好整以暇地收割一切——那么，是默然忍受命运暴虐的毒箭还是挺身反抗人世无涯的痛苦？
The world is not benevolent, and treats everything as a straw dog.你不操纵命运，命运便操纵你。
看清这一点后，袁世凯真正体悟了“忠恕之道”。
忠者，己欲立而立人，己欲达而达人；恕者，己所不欲，勿施于人。
因此，以功名利禄收买、驱策他人，说到底，真正的动机还是以诚动人、以心交人。
而另一方面，作为对中国实现近代化贡献最大之人，袁世凯又是矛盾的综合体。
他最早兴办女子学校，认为“女子教育是家庭教育的根源”，却偏爱自己的女人缠足；他练新军，废科举，引进电灯电话自来水，任用詹天佑修建第一条国产铁路，却迷信必须用中国的方式办中国的事。
1905年，直隶总督袁世凯向朝廷申请在天津开展地方自治的实验。
他认为，这是通往民主政治的起点。民智不启，便通过自治，在基层选举中激发政治热情，唤醒权利意识。
吁恳得到了慈禧的同意。
天津的市政选举真刀真枪，充满了诚意。然而，选民们抱着“莫谈政治”的信条，对袁世凯的努力袖手旁观。
于是，他派出人马，到日本学习选举办法，回来后深入乡村，挨家挨户宣讲。同时，把自治之利编成白话，张贴广告，以期家喻户晓。
费尽心血的结果是13000个合格选民，只有1300人主动登记。
袁世凯不甘心，又威逼利诱，勉强动员了8000人投票，选出由30名乡绅组成的地方议会。
不久，袁世凯黯然离津。见识了国民的冷漠和西方政治体制在中国生根之难的他不得不沮丧地承认：“三年自治，收效甚微。”
然而，同坐而论道的公知不同的是，袁世凯不会因为有人开车交会不关远光灯便质疑国民的素质，进而撰文论述“尔等不配拥有民主”。
须知国民性自古如此。
七国之乱、八王之乱、侯景之乱、安史之乱、三藩之乱……每一次大乱都伴随着哀鸿遍野、生灵涂炭，而这，却是高居庙堂的精英们视而不见、漠不关心的。
如果命若蜉蝣的乱离人学不会见风使舵，趋利避害，早就被优胜劣汰了，还有机会明心见性、反躬自省？
因此，比起如何让阿Q们致良知，袁世凯更关心的是面对现实，点滴改良。
那是一个纷纷扰扰，雾里看花的时代。若说1911年之前，袁世凯心底尚有一个笃定的目标，那么，随着世事愈发凌乱，他开始感觉到所谓专制与民主，不过是人性深处的两端在现实世界里的投影。
人类总是在释放和管束欲望之间寻找一个平衡。完全用精神的标准，试图建立一个乌托邦、理想国，则悲剧必将重演，社会亦走向动荡和衰亡；相反，完全遵循实用主义，一切皆以金钱量化，则社会即使在短期内高速发展，也逃不脱物欲横流、破产清算的下场。
正如奥威尔以为毁灭我们的是暴政，但赫胥黎指出，毁灭我们的恰恰是我们所热爱的东西。
疑问像挥之不去的阴影，顽强地盘桓在心头。1916年，在生命的终点，他人格分裂了。
喧嚣与迷离中，他想起了早年对满清专制的痛恨。一切都如轮回，他宿命般地成为“新人”们眼中又一个大独裁者。
仇恨，将你导向你所仇恨的事物。人，是否注定要成为他曾经反对的那个人？
从这个角度看，不难理解为何满世界都是里的霍尔顿。人们看透了世界的平庸，却无力超越这平庸。难以成为“我”，又不屑变成“他”。我们感到痛苦，可连这痛苦都很平庸——世间有多少人看透了人生的虚无并感到愤怒，但这愤怒早已不足以成为个性，只徒惹讥笑罢了。
而袁世凯唯一能确信的是：自由，不是依赖民主才能存在的东西。说到底，民主不过是方法，根本的前提是人们在思想自由的指引下，取得科学与人文的进步。
唯有如此，一个民族新的思维线索方能浮现。
他最后一次睁开眼，又缓缓闭上，心道：“也许，专制，就是认定自己绝对不会错的想法；民主，就是对何为真理不那么确定。”
心念及此，思绪飞回到了五年前。
张之洞：多亏早死了两年
武汉（辖武昌、汉口、汉阳三镇）九省通衢，居南北辐辏之中心。由于河道顺畅，洋人的军舰游弋往来，不可一世。
列强控制了湖北的工商、金融、矿业等经济命脉，截止辛亥革命爆发，已有外国企业二百余家，而作为外贸大埠的汉口，年交易额均在一亿两白银以上，仅次于上海，有“东方芝加哥”之称。
畸形繁荣的背后，是列强对茶叶等原料的疯狂掠夺，以及对中国进行日用工业品的倾销。隐藏在表面几个大城市“繁华”阴影下的，是广大农村的衰败破落。
在张之洞任湖广总督的十七年里，这个晚清四大名臣中的最后一位，为清廷扎扎实实地埋下了两个火药桶。
由广设新式学堂、大派留学生而引发的开明风气，为朝廷培养了数之不尽的掘墓人；由汉阳兵工厂制造出来的大量新式武器，为掘墓人提供了优质的铁锨。
当然，身为鄂督，张之洞有守土职责。作为当年慈禧钦点的探花，在翰林院储才养望时就同张佩纶、陈宝琛等人放言高论、纠弹时政的清流，张之洞的思想基调逃不出忠君爱国。唯一有所突破的是，忠不是愚忠，爱不是溺爱。
变器不变道的主张体现了萦绕在张之洞心头关于中学西学的纠结，制度和文化的滞后注定了“师夷长技以制夷”只能是一个看上去很美的肥皂泡。
像这种常年在心性之学和修齐治平的儒家思想熏陶下成长起来的封疆大吏，终极的人生追求无非是“立言、立功、立德”三不朽，生前名满天下，死后进入《列传》。
一直以来，张文襄公人生的独木桥走得都很稳，却在快到达终点时闪了腰，留下一个污点——杀唐才常。
1900年，唐才常趁北京闹拳乱，在湖北领导了自立军起义。这是流亡东瀛，以康梁为代表的维新派在国内进行的唯一一次武力尝试，妄图推翻慈禧，归政光绪，无奈被老奸巨猾的张之洞剿杀。在扑灭自立军星星之火的同时，张之洞也浇灭了维新派对地方开明督抚的期望。
虽然这事在教科书中叫“封建官僚对资产阶级改良派的疯狂迫害”，但搁赵尔巽的《清史稿》，那就是“弭患于初萌，定乱于俄顷”了。
事实上，对唐才常痛下杀手，只是张之洞多年的为政经验所沉淀出的明哲保身。1907年，当秋瑾被清廷处以极刑时，武昌高等小学的学生竟直言不讳地上书张之洞，请求独立，脱离大清。
天公不语对棋枯。年过古稀的张之洞在革命风潮的涌动之中，深切感受到了一个末世王朝苍凉的命运。
这一年初秋，张之洞离鄂赴京去做军机大臣。在火车站，他与那些送行的门生故吏风雅了不少诗词，其中有一首《读宋史》的绝句：
李纲、虞允文、文天祥、陆秀夫都是南宋名相，个个以振作赵宋为己任，个个回天乏术，最后由陆秀夫主演大结局：抱着宋朝最后一个小皇帝跳海自尽。
张之洞宦海沉浮三十载，以一个悟透人生的老油条的锐利眼光，预见了纵使以身相殉也无补于亡的天朝结局。
不管文人在报纸上发表多少篇意气激昂的排满文章，主导革命大戏的还是武人——看过排满文章的武人。
清朝的军队沿革如同一部毒品的发展史。
吗啡最早是作为鸦片的替代药出现的，海洛因是为了戒断吗啡成瘾症而研制的。而从八旗、绿营到湘军、淮军一路跌跌撞撞走来，新生者无不是为了接替腐败者而诞生的，却迅速腐化到更为不堪的境地。
直至1904年新军改编，装备新式武器，采用严格的征兵标准和西法训练，军官多由学习军事的留学生担任。全国分为十四个镇（师），其中第一至第六镇为常备军，由直隶总督兼北洋大臣管辖，又称北洋六镇。
每镇（长官称镇统）分两协（旅）；
每协（长官称协统）分两标（团）；
每标（长官称标统）分三营（营）；
每营（长官称管带）分四队（连）；
每队（长官称队官）分三排（排）；
每排（长官称排长）分三棚（班）；
每棚（长官分正副目）14人。
驻扎在武汉的新军有一个镇（第八镇）和一个混成协，总计不到两万人。镇统叫张彪（1860—1927），协统叫黎元洪（1864—1928）。所谓混成协，是指由各省自己征募军队，兵员接近“协”的标准，便可呈请北京，配给一些炮兵和骑兵，组成一支没有正式番号的机动部队。
故事就是在这一镇一协里上演的，名为《亦正亦邪》。
镜头切到了“邪”的一方，画面变成了冷色调，低沉的音乐适时地响起。湖广总督瑞澂（1864—1912）望着案台上的《大江报》，在那篇反动文章旁边批了一排字：
淆乱政体，扰害治安。着即查封《大江报》。
国共两党的历史教材能达成共识的不多，瑞澂算一个——反革命典型。不过说实话，此公在满人里不算草包，只是同他爷爷琦善一样生不逢时，背了历史的黑锅。
八国联军占领北京时，在户部当员外郎的瑞澂因留守有功，擢升九江道。后迁江苏布政使，清正廉明，办新政卓有成效，《清史稿》称“中外交诵其能”。
当然你会说，《清史稿》是著名遗老赵尔巽编的，不给满人唱赞歌给谁唱？但问题是，瑞澂后来的种种行为近乎将湖北拱手相让给起义军，以至于赫然排在盛宣怀之后，成为那些真正“爱我大清”的人日夜想啖肉寝皮的罪臣。
因此，赵尔巽的评语还是相对客观的。瑞澂在鄂督任上，处理饥民暴动，惩治贪官劣绅，政声非常不错。之所以前后反差那么大，不能武断地认为他是影帝，只能说思想进步品德优良并不妨碍一个人贪生怕死。
《大江报》被查封后，瑞澂颁布了菜刀实名制：武汉所有刀具店必须取得营业执照。购买五把刀以上的顾客要登记姓名和住址——你要叫一九把刀，估计得直接移交公安机关。
同时，总编詹大悲被判处有期徒刑一年半。
24岁的詹大悲是武汉革命团体文学社的文书部部长。该组织成立于半年前，志存高远，以“推翻清朝专制，拥护孙文主张”为己任，社长是混成协的普通士兵蒋翊武（1884—1913）。
此人木讷寡言、不露锋芒，但曾痛斥科举为“奴隶功名”。
文学社则一点都不文学，叫这名字是为了看起来和谐，成员多为新军士兵。
这些反动士兵平日的精神享受就是看《大江报》，现