Chapter 89 Kuomintang Public Security Bureau

If the Beijing Patrol Department was in some sense the national model of the Beiyang warlords, the KMT's counterpart in 1927 was the Guangzhou Public Security Bureau—a name inspired by the name of the American police agency at the time.The Guangzhou Public Security Bureau was established by Sun Ke. Before the Northern Expedition, he put the American municipal management system into practice in Guangzhou.After the Kuomintang came to power, all police departments obediently changed their names to "Public Security Bureau" except the Nanjing Metropolitan Police Headquarters. The name is the same, and the administration is also unified. In 1928, the National Committee of Police Experts was established, consisting of 4 officials from the capital and 8 provincial officials, under the leadership of the Police Department of the Ministry of the Interior.Regulations were promulgated the following year, requiring the education of all police officers and cadets.So police schools were established in Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shanxi, Guangdong, Jiangxi, Hubei, Shaanxi, Shandong, Yunnan, Hebei, Gansu, Chahar, Qinghai, Fujian and Guangxi.The National Committee was supposed to meet four times a year, but in practice they never met or had a formal meeting, and the organization was disbanded altogether.

In 1931 discussions on police reform reopened throughout the country. In January, the Ministry of the Interior convened the first national interior affairs meeting in Nanjing to discuss police management.Then in December of the following year, the second national conference was held with more than 100 representatives from various provinces and cities.The representatives put forward proposals for the introduction of a police pension system, the introduction of new weapons, the employment of female police officers and the unification of the fingerprinting system. During this period, Japan's police system has enjoyed a very high reputation. In 1930, the Ministry of the Interior held an examination and selected 10 of the most outstanding graduates from the 15th Senior Police Academy to go to Tokyo to receive training at the Police Training School of the Ministry of the Interior.Zhejiang Police Academy also sent 21 of its best graduates to Japan that year.But the European police force remains the basic model. In 1929, Wang Darui, one of the members of the National Police Commission, took the opportunity of participating in the Fifth International Police Conference held in Paris in September to study the European police system.He considered Vienna's police force to be the best and worthy of imitation.So in 1930 the chairman of the Zhejiang provincial government invited Dr. Rudolph Muck and other police experts from Austria to serve as consultants for police management and training.

In the same year, 10 students from the graduating class of the Zhejiang Police Academy were sent to study in Vienna, and in 1932, Dr. Rudolf Mueck became a police advisor to the Nanjing central government and also an advisor to the reorganization of the Shanghai Public Security Bureau.Two years later, a committee headed by Feng Ti was sent by the Ministry of War to England, France, Italy, and Germany. In 1935, Li Shizhen, the core cadre group of the Lixing Society and a core member of the Blue Shirt Society, was also sent abroad to study the police systems in Europe, the United States, and Japan.

One of the judicial experts invited to China in 1930 was Sergeant AS Woods of the Berkeley Police Department in California.Wu Zi was selected as a consultant to help reorganize the Nanjing Metropolitan Police because August Vollmer's V-man is to the US local police department like Ed who represents the concept of national police force Like Edgar Hoover's G-men, they made the Berkeley Police Department a growing reputation as the preeminent police department in the world.