Chapter 43 The Formation of "Fascism"

In addition to the notorious rivalry between the CC faction and the Lixingshe, in the eyes of the public, Chen Lifu was also involved in the formation of a new "fascist".According to a French intelligence report on August 12, 1933, Chiang Kai-shek held a summer meeting in Lushan that year, Chen Lifu, Zeng Kuoqing, Wu Xingya (director of the Shanghai Social Affairs Bureau) and Pan Gongzhan (director of the Kuomintang Shanghai Education Bureau) Wait until the meeting. During the meeting, the progress of the fascist movement in China was discussed.It was decided at the meeting that fascist branches should first be established in the "loyal military institutions" of the Kuomintang party headquarters and in colleges and universities... What we have learned includes: the influence of fascists began to become more and more obvious in the following universities: Sun Yat-sen University (Guangzhou ), Central University (Nanjing), Henan University (Kaifeng) and Jing'an University (Shanghai).

Despite the combination of the CC faction and the Lixingshe in the "fascist movement," Zou Lu, president of Sun Yat-sen University, singled out the Blue Shirts Club as the main trouble in his university early that summer.He blamed the Blue Shirts for the recent campaign of undergraduates to the Department of Education calling for his impeachment.Zou charged that "under the direction of certain militarists who wanted to usurp absolute power within the government like Benido Mussolini or Adolf Hitler, the Blue Shirts attempted to undermine the KMT." Meanwhile, the media continued to believe that the new group of Chiang loyalists, which arose at the same time as the Nazis, had been considering a variety of names, including the "Chinese Fascist Society" and the "Black Shirts."However, they settled on the name Blue Shirts "because they felt that (other) names might lead the KMT to think that this new organization would violate the KMT's rules that there should be no other party besides or within the KMT .”

The Lushan meeting mentioned in the report of the French intelligence agency may be the summer class of the officer training corps.Chiang Kai-shek delivered a speech at the Prime Minister's Commemorative Week Lecture Ceremony of the class on July 23rd.In that speech, entitled "What the Modern Soldiers Need to Know," Chiang described the three "emerging nations" of Italy, Germany, and Turkey as a "combined slogan": "Labour! Creation! Force!" he explained. , labor, means all people in the country: all industries and all levels, from rulers to common people, from generals to soldiers, work tirelessly together; to create means to build a new country, to build a new society from the old society ; Force is a kind of "substantial force", which will cause revolution and remove all obstacles for the development of the country.All three, Jiang insisted, were interrelated and indispensable, explaining why "emerging nations" were able to develop so rapidly.

Two months later, on September 20, 1933, Chiang's speech in Xingzi County, Jiangxi, was based on the theme of fascism as a form of modern nationalism.Chiang claimed that "reality" was the primary quality of a revolutionary party member; he called for abstinence and even stupid rigidity to counteract the pretentiousness and superficiality of urbanites.In charge of the frivolity and emptiness of modern society, Chiang declared that this bedrock should be found in the "basic spirit" of "common" fascism.And the essence of that fascist spirit is national self-confidence.A fascist must firmly believe that his own country is "the best", has the most glorious history and culture above any other country.For the Chinese, this means acknowledging that the basic outline of the "Great Learning" is "the highest culture of our nation."

Loyalty, filial piety, benevolence, love, faith, peace—that is, "propriety, righteousness, honesty and shame", which are the inherent morality of our nation, wisdom, benevolence and courage are the spirit of our national tradition, and the Three People's Principles are the only principles of our national revolution, which are summed up in "sincerity".Therefore, to be a revolutionary party member, we must first maintain the inherent morality and traditional spirit with sincerity, in order to revive the highest culture of the nation.To restore the nation's special status in the world, to create a splendid world for mankind, and to complete the lofty and lofty cause of saving people and the world!

Chiang went on to say that, as an international force, fascism has been characterized as extremely militarized. Although members of the Revolutionary Party do not always come from military units, they must consciously adopt a militarized way of life: "It is to have the habits and spirit of a soldier, the organization and discipline of an army, in other words, all obedience, sacrifice, seriousness , Neat, Clean, True, Quick, Hardworking, Secret, Plain and simple, Consistent, Strong and brave, able to sacrifice everything for the group, for the Party and the country.”