Chapter 22 Bureau of Survey Statistics (BIS)

In fact, Dai Li's expanded "group of ten", the original "liaison group", has now become a formal bureaucracy. In the spring of 1932, Jiang ordered the establishment of the "Investigation and Statistics Bureau" within the Military Commission led by Chen Lifu and his deputy, Chen Chuo, director of the Nanjing Police Department. Three departments were established one after another.The first is the investigation section of the former Central Party Headquarters, that is, the first section of the secret investigation team. It is located on Zhanyuan Road where the Secret Service is located, and is led by Xu Enzeng.This office became the Party Affairs Investigation Office, and later became Chen Lifu's department against Dai Li's Military Unification Bureau—the Central Unification Bureau.

The second department is Dai Li's special affairs department in Ji'e Lane, which is responsible for monitoring and investigating the army.Dai, who was promoted to major general, regards this department as his home, and he is the "parent" of this family.His former Secret Service subordinates called him the "boss" of the organization. The third department was first led by Ding Mo, and later Jin Bin, responsible for supervising the post and telecommunications inspection bureau, and later merged into the special inspection department, with its office on Jiangxi Road.

The Bureau of Statistics should have been responsible for coordinating the work of the three divisions.But in fact, only Xu Enzeng and Dai Li sent their own personnel to work at the headquarters of the Special Affairs Department of the Military Commission in Sitiao Lane, Xihuamen, Nanjing.The real work is carried out by the various departments themselves, with little cooperation between them.Later, in order to maintain his control over this organization, Chiang Kai-shek appointed his cronies Zheng Jiemin and Xu Renyi as deputy directors and chiefs of the Military Commission's Secret Service respectively.Zheng Jiemin was an adventurer in Guangdong, and opened a coffee shop in Singapore before joining Whampoa Phase II.He is also the head of the investigation section of the Secret Service.When Tang Zong was the Secretary of the Special Affairs Department of the Military Commission, Qiu Kaiji, a Yunnan gentleman who opposed the warlords, became the chief of the executive department.

Among the original members of the "Group of Ten", those who could accept Dai Li's increasingly severe paternalistic dictatorship stayed in BIS II, while others who could not stand the new arrangement transferred to the one established by Jiang. Other positions in the secret regime: Huang Yong became the deputy chief of the investigation department, Liang Ganqiao was in charge of the training of the Fuxing Society, and Yu Sadu became a member of the North China Propaganda Team of the Kuomintang. Now that the Second Office has a specific investigative mission, it can use the power of the military committee to expand its operations under the principle of "secrets lead to the public, and the public covers the secrets."But it expanded through institutionalized channels: its predecessors had established relationships with law enforcement affiliated with military or government authorities.This point can be reflected in the investigation department originally established by Deng Wenyi in Nanchang according to the Cheka model.Deng Wenyi suffered from failure to handle the Xu Peigen incident in 1933 and 1934.

Air Force Administrator Xu Peigen was in charge of the central government's airport in Nanchang.Xu was a very depraved man who had embezzled military funds for years until, in 1932, he finally managed to cover up his losses against government auditors.Unable to make up the shortfall, he decided to destroy the accounts.So he set fire to the ledgers and some military aircraft.After Xu was dismissed, Chiang Kai-shek ordered Deng Wenyi's Investigation Section to investigate the matter.Deng has been dawdling.Furious, Jiang passed the matter on to Dai Li and Xu Weibin in 1932.They investigated the cause of the arson and Deng Wenyi's direct cover-up of the matter afterwards.Deng was removed from his position as section chief in 1933, and he completely lost control of the investigation section in the "bandit suppression" area in the three provinces, which was taken over by Dai Li.From then on, until the beginning of the Anti-Japanese War, Dai Li was always called "Section Chief Dai" by the commander-in-chief, the title that Deng Wenyi lost.

For Dai Li, this was a decisive opportunity.First of all, the number of personnel he has has increased significantly: from 145 to 1722 units of another size.At the same time, Dai Li occupied most or all of Deng Wenyi's "backbone": Zhang Yifu (Zhang Yanfo), Li Guochen, Yuan Jibin, Zhou Shengfu, Wang Xinheng, and Xie Ligong (Xie Shaoshan). Second, his new division included permanent intelligence agencies extending to all provinces controlled by the Nanchang garrison.Xuzhou Xingyuan Investigation Section, investigation units of every security department in Wuhan and central China are now under his control, at least in name.

After the Nanchang Camp Investigation Section was taken over by Dai Li, the Xuzhou Xingyuan Investigation Section, the Wuhan Camp Investigation Section, and the espionage units of the security departments of Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hubei, Anhui, Hunan, Guangxi, Guizhou, and Shaanxi provinces (some were changed to investigation units or No. Four subjects) successively belonged to Dai Li. Third, under the tutelage of the Second Division, the Investigation Section began to use its newly acquired powers as a weapon of the Military Commission: it began sending agents to infiltrate the various garrison headquarters' investigation departments, and attempted to take over the The detective team of the City Public Security Bureau.Since then, Dai Li's spy system has penetrated into the KMT's military organs and local security systems, putting on an open cloak.

Finally, Dai Li, as the head of the intelligence or espionage department installed in every public security agency or police station, also has the authority to train the "backbone" of agents.Because Chiang Kai-shek appointed Dai Li as his special commissioner in Zhejiang Provincial Police Academy in 1934.As we will see below, he quickly seized control of the organization's personnel and training sessions.This was the first time that Chiang Kai-shek's intelligence agencies had publicly transformed into a wide network of legal control.From then on, his personal security apparatus was formally empowered.But in a sense, its business content is still controlled by the president himself.This was not only because the secretive mission of the agency necessarily led to a close and confidential relationship between Chiang and his secret police.Moreover, it was the expansion of a group within the formal system of government—a militarized group, to use the fascist and Falangist terms of the time, dedicated to beautifying the individual leader so that it could, in the thirties, The stance of dictatorship and religious madness comes into play.

Thus, if we want to understand the inner workings of the ROC system, we must turn our attention not only to the overt transformation of Chiang's bureaucratic control system, but also to the invisible history of his ideology, which led to It's up to us to explore the "Blue Shirts" itself.