Dai Li statue
Dai Li (1897-1946), formerly known as Chunfeng, courtesy name Yunong, was born in Jiangshan Baoan Township.Dai Li was admitted to the Whampoa Military Academy at the age of thirty.Due to his outstanding achievements, Dai Li was called by Chiang Kai-shek as "Wen Ke An Bang, Wu Neng Ding Guo". After graduation, he served as Chiang Kai-shek's secretary, bodyguard and adjutant, and since then embarked on the road of democratic revolution.The ups and downs of his early life can be glimpsed from the name "Dai Li" that Dai Li gave himself when he was thirty. "Dai Li" is taken from "Feng Tu Ji" in the Jin and Zhou Dynasties: "Although you are riding a car, I will wear a hat. When I meet in the future, I will get off the car and bow. I will walk. You will ride a horse. You will have to get off when you meet in the future." The metaphor does not change the friendship between the poor and the humble because of wealth.
On May 28, 1897, Dai Li was born in a wealthy family in Baoan Township, Jiangshan County, Zhejiang Province. His original name was Chunfeng, and his style name was Yunong.When he was a child, his mother, Mrs. Lan Tai, asked someone to tell her fortune, saying that his fate was good, but the fate was short of water, "the father dies before the mother".Dai Li lost his father at the age of 4, went to a private school at the age of 6, entered Wenxi Higher Primary School in Jiangshan County at the age of 14, and was admitted to Zhejiang Provincial No. 1 Middle School at the age of 17. He was expelled from the school three months later because he had the courage to admit his mistakes.Soon he was admitted to the United Normal School with the second place, but before entering the school, he joined the model battalion of the First Division of the Zhejiang Army as a student. After the army failed in battle, he was exiled in Ningbo. Mrs. Lan Tai went to pick him up when he heard the news. He was 18 years old. At that time, he married Mao Xiucong as his wife.
In order to find a good way to save the country and the people, Dai Li went out to the world again at the age of 20. At that time, he was well-known in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and was known as "the number one talent in Suzhou and Hangzhou".Later in Huzhou, he exchanged posts with Wang Yaqiao, Hu Zongnan and Hu Baoyi Jinlan and became brothers. At the age of 22, Dai Li, Xu Shiyou and others were practicing martial arts in Shaolin Temple, hoping to use superb martial arts to defeat Anliang. Three years later, he returned to Zhejiang to open the Spring Breeze Martial Arts. At the age of 24, he became brothers with Du Yuesheng, the leader of the Qinghong Gang in Shanghai. At the age of 27, during the Jiangsu-Zhejiang War, he launched a self-defense regiment in his hometown.
People say that "you stand at thirty", and "you don't learn art after thirty", but Dai Li's life can be said to start after the age of 30.He had cherished "Xi Sheng, Xi Xian, and Xi Hao Jie" since he was a child. When he was almost 30 years old in 1926 (the 15th year of the Republic of China), he heard that "revolutionary vitality is in Huangpu", so he changed his name to Dai Li and was admitted to the Whampoa Military Academy. In the sixth cavalry department, Chiang Kai-shek, the principal of the Whampoa Military Academy at that time, was only ten years older than Dai Li.Due to his outstanding achievements, Dai Li was called by Chiang Kai-shek as "Wen Ke An Bang, Wu Neng Ding Guo". After graduation, he served as Chiang Kai-shek's secretary, bodyguard and adjutant, and since then embarked on the road of democratic revolution.
An American military officer described the medium-sized and burly Dai Li in this way: "He walked as if steel bars were attached to the backbone, and his steps were large and powerful, like the exaggerated steps of a hero on a Chinese stage. His The sharp and scrutinizing gaze seems to be to write down the facial features and personality of a person for future use." However, when he was young, Dai Li was very ashamed of his long horse face, especially because he suffered from rhinitis and often made a sound like a horse snoring .He believed in fate very much, and he happened to see a photo book that said: "The appearance of the king is like a horse, the master is very noble, and the future of the king is boundless." Since then, Dai Li has often regarded himself as a horse. Among his 27 aliases, there are often Pseudonyms such as "Ma Xing" are of course due to the lack of water in life, Dai Li's aliases have the most water characters next to them, such as "Shen Peilin" and "Hun Sen" to make up for the lack of hits.
The Military Statistics Bureau led by Dai Li (the abbreviation of the Bureau of Investigation and Statistics of the Kuomintang Military Commission) has dozens of businesses, not only the assassination and intelligence that people often say, but also politics, economy, culture and other aspects. The total number of staff has reached more than 100,000. "Punish Japanese and eliminate traitors, eradicate violence and bring peace to the good, and arrested thousands of evildoers."The "Loyalty and Nation Salvation Army" formed by Dai Li, guerrilla troops from various places, and the puppet troops absorbed and sent to the Central Committee after the war, totaled no less than one million people.
Dai Li said that everything he did in his life was to "continue the unfinished business of Sun Yat-sen and the revolutionary martyrs", and he always asked himself and his subordinates to be loyal to "the ideal of the national revolution, regardless of personal fame and fortune".There is an unwritten tablet on the hillside of the Chongqing Military Control Bureau. Dai Li often asks his subordinates to "eliminate all selfish distractions and be willing to be unsung heroes. ... Unsung heroes must be ready to make sacrifices at any time. They are models of perseverance and humiliation. They are leaders. Only a leader can create a great cause and leave his name in history." Chiang Kai-shek also commented: "The success of the revolution depends entirely on the special staff who can be the soul of the revolution and the nanny of the country." The following is a summary of Dai Li's loyal deeds to see it— —
In 1933, under the influence of the Communist Party, Cai Tingkai, commander of the 19th Route Army who had fought bravely against the enemy during the January 28th Incident, declared the independence of Fujian Province under the guise of resisting Japan.Dai Li sent people to instigate rebellion against his generals, and within three months Cai announced that he would leave the country and go into exile.If the separatist behavior launched by the CCP had not been stopped in time, with the situation of the warlords at that time, and Japan taking advantage of the situation to divide and rule, China might be a different scene today.
On June 13, 1934, Dai Li uncovered the disappearance case of Hideaki Kuramoto, the Japanese vice-consul in Nanjing, who directed and acted on his own.
In July 1936, Chen Jitang and Li Zongren launched the "Guangdong Coup". However, Dai Li had already deployed secretly from the sea, land and air. He instigated many generals overnight, and ended the rebellion within two months without bloodshed.As for the Xi'an Incident, Dai Li repeatedly reported to Chiang Kai-shek that "the morale of the army in the Northwest was not stable", and Chiang still went.After Jiang was arrested, Dai Li risked his life and accompanied Song Meiling to Xi'an to rescue Jiang.Afterwards, he asked for punishment, but gained Jiang's trust, because at that time many of Jiang's cronies and generals were hiding and did not dare to come out.
After the July 7th Incident in 1937, the Anti-Japanese War broke out in an all-round way.Before the Songhu Anti-Japanese War, Dai Li firmly told others that we must fight this time.Wu Zhihui, a veteran of the Kuomintang, asked him, if the weapon economy is so far behind, what should we use to fight?Dai Li said: "Soldiers must win. If the pigs are full and wait for others to celebrate the New Year, you will not be able to wait for independence and equality." This sentence shocked others a lot, and later became a classic idea of the military reunification against Japan.According to the intoxicated recollection of military commanders, the number of military commanders who died in the War of Resistance Against Japan reached 18,000, while the total number of registered personnel at that time was only 45,000.
In 1937, Dai Li was responsible for the establishment of the Jiangsu and Zhejiang Anti-Japanese Armed Rangers (later called the Loyalty and National Salvation Army), which played a great role in the enemy's rear.Before the Battle of Songhu, Dai Li rushed to Shanghai and ordered the military commanders to snatch five or six thousand weapons from the arsenal under the noses of the Japanese; Zhejiang Special Forces", when covering the retreat of the regular army, only 2,000 of the 10,000 people returned.At that time, Dai Li was busy organizing intelligence warfare against Japan and armed rangers during the day, and at night he traveled from Shanghai to Nanjing by car to report the situation and analyze intelligence to Chiang Kai-shek.At that time, the railway was no longer accessible, cars could only drive with the lights off, and Japanese planes kept bombing and strafing. He was always at the gate of hell, but he was in danger as usual.At that time, the amount of reward offered by the Japanese for the head on his neck was far higher than the reward offered for Mao Zedong.
In January 1938, under the order of Chiang Kai-shek, Dai Li sent Han Fuqu, the warlord who resisted the enemy's order and retreated, and the chairman of Shandong Province, to the Hankou military court for trial and shooting by trapping.In the same month, Liu Xiang, a warlord in Sichuan who conspired with Han Fuqu and colluded with the enemy, was poisoned to death in the ward of Wanguo Hospital.On the 7.7 and 8.13 anniversary of that year, the Rangers also launched a city-wide riot in Shanghai, forcing the Japanese army to station heavy troops around Shanghai, effectively dispersing the Japanese troops.
In 1939, Dai Li personally went to Hanoi, Vietnam, to deploy and assassinate Wang Jingwei, who had defected to Japan. After the operation failed, Dai Li continued to deploy. When Wang went to Japan for medical treatment in 1944, Dai Li secretly ordered the latent Chinese-Japanese mixed-race Japanese maid to use chronic poison to cause Wang complications. die.
In 1940, the Japanese Emperor Hirohito sent his cousin Gao Yuebao to inspect North China. On November 29, Gao Yue was shot dead by military agents.At that time, supplies were scarce, but some unscrupulous officials and businessmen took the opportunity to smuggle and hoard the necessities of the people's livelihood, drive up prices, and make a fortune for the country. The military command then set up an economic inspection team, sentenced Chengdu Mayor Yang Quanyu to death for smuggling and corruption, and the manager of the Central Trust Bureau of the Ministry of Finance. Lin Shiliang was buried alive.
In 1941, in order to strengthen anti-Japanese activities in South Asia, Dai Li went to Burma twice to establish an intelligence network. In Southeast Asia, "as long as there are Chinese blood, there are Dai Li's intelligence agents."He also obtained 1,000 commercial truck licenses through the Peacock Company, ensuring the transportation of international materials during wartime.
1942 can be said to be the most successful year of Dai Li's espionage career.The Nationalist government deciphered the Japanese code, not only able to transfer supplies in advance, effectively avoiding the Japanese bombing, but also notifying the United States in advance of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.Later, the United States learned to decipher the Japanese navy code from Dai Li, which played a decisive role in winning the Battle of Midway Island and completely changing the Pacific War.
In 1943, Dai Li concurrently served as the Director of the Anti-Smuggling Administration of the Ministry of Finance of the Nationalist Government and the Director of the Wartime Freight Transport Administration. In 1944, the Japanese army launched the largest offensive since the start of the war, and the national government was defeated from north to south except Burma.All the Loyalty and Nation Salvation Army under Dai Li's command and the guerrillas of the China-US Cooperation Institute attacked across the board, effectively containing the general attack of the Japanese army.
In 1946, Dai Li organized the General Administration of Communications of China. On March 17, Dai took a special plane from Qingdao to Shanghai and transferred to Chongqing. The plane crashed into the 200-meter-high Daishan (also known as Daishan) in Banqiao Town near Nanjing during a thunderstorm. He was finally buried in Yunyugou at the age of 49. ...
"Dai Ji crashed into Dai Mountain, and Yu Nong died in the rain", which reminds people of Pang Tong (named Fengchu) who died in Luofengpo. Is it destiny?Or in response to the saying that the common people often say: "Anyone who engages in fraud will die a good death."
Dai Li was loyal to Chiang Kai-shek, and it seemed like a slave was loyal to his master, but in essence Dai Li integrated his pursuit of the revolutionary cause into it. In 1922, Chiang Kai-shek's Yongfeng ship rescued Sun Yat-sen. Dai Li admired his loyalty, talent and courage.If Dai Li hadn't died suddenly, the secrets he worked for the Republic of China would not have been so widely known.In the eyes of the world, Dai Li was only a major general during his lifetime.What was the force that prompted Dai Li to choose a career as an agent?Dai Li's answer was "just to continue the Three People's Principles revolution".
After the death of Sun Yat-sen in 1925, various trends of thought, various forces, and various figures in China can be described as complicated, and it was a chaotic age.Dai Li relied on his close observation and judgment, and determined that Chiang Kai-shek was the true successor of Sun Yat-sen and the true hope of the Chinese revolution.In Dai Li's heart, he also knew that his qualifications, ability and level were definitely inferior to Chiang; Dai Li had seen too many heroes who fought against Chiang Kai-shek, and they were defeated by Chiang one by one, even if the warlords united together Standing up to oppose Chiang, he was defeated one by one by Jiang. Dai Li admired Chiang Kai-shek from the bottom of his heart and was willing to act as his "eyes and ears".Not to mention, in 1922, Chiang Kai-shek's Yongfeng ship rescued Sun Yat-sen. His loyalty, talent and courage made Dai Li admire him, and Dai Li agreed with Chiang's unique and resolute anti-communist views. After visiting Soviet Russia in 1923, Chiang Kai-shek realized: "The Soviet political system is an autocratic and terrorist organization, and it is fundamentally incompatible with the political system of the Three People's Principles of the Chinese Kuomintang." Before becoming Chiang's adjutant, Dai Li Has anti-communist thinking. On April 12, 1927, when the Kuomintang was purging the party, Dai Li actively stood up and exposed more than 20 Communist Party members among his classmates. This move was appreciated by Chiang Kai-shek. Since then, Dai Li has been engaged in intelligence work.
Since the September 18th Incident in 1931 when Japan invaded China, Chiang Kai-shek was different from ordinary passionate youths in that he knew that China's national strength was weak at that time, and it was entirely possible for the Japanese to clamor for "annihilation of China in three months."After actively preparing for the war of resistance for 6 years, in August 1937, in the Songhu War in August 1937, 70% of the main force of the Chinese army was wiped out by the Japanese army within one month, and the newly established national government in 1931 was riddled with holes. After a few months, the military must be defeated, and it will inevitably lead to surrender and the loss of power and humiliation such as surrendering land and indemnities after surrender. This is something Chiang Kai-shek absolutely does not want to see.so.While Chiang Kai-shek pretended to have peace talks with Japan, he actively prepared to resist Japan.He repeatedly warned his cronies that if China wants to win the War of Resistance Against Japan, it must rely on international forces and integrate the War of Resistance Against Japan into the main battlefield of the world's anti-fascism;Chiang Kai-shek's insights and good intentions were not understood by the people at the time, especially under the instigation and deliberate distortion of the CCP, many people mistakenly believed that Chiang Kai-shek did not resist Japan, and even generals like Zhang Xueliang were misled and used by the CCP .
However, Dai Li is one of the few people who understands, supports and is loyal to Chiang Kai-shek.In that era when there were constant power disputes and no one knew who would win in the end, Dai Li was able to unswervingly follow Chiang Kai-shek, which was also an act of wisdom and kindness that Dai Li surpassed ordinary people.
In the life-and-death period of the Anti-Japanese War, the spy industry gambled at any time.Dai Li has unique skills in selecting, changing and using people. In just over ten years, he has cultivated a large number of outstanding talents and made achievements that Americans admire.
When establishing the military system, Dai Li not only used the traditional Chinese concept of loyalty, but also introduced Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary thought.No matter how busy he is, Dai Li will be the "head teacher" in every training class, just like Chiang Kai-shek did for the Whampoa Military Academy.Dai Li often warned his subordinates, "The history of the military command is written with the blood, sweat and tears of comrades. The important thing is that when death is imminent, you must be willing to sacrifice your life for the cause." Dai Li often compares the military command to a big family. And use traditional ethics to repay each other with virtue and unite the agents.Dai Li paid the funeral expenses to the parents of the dead military command agents, took care of their orphans and widows, and intentionally shaped the military command bureau into a benevolent and righteous unit.
In terms of loyalty, Dai Li set an example with his own actions.Dai Li's sworn brother Wang Yaqiao used to be the leader of the 100,000 Ax Gang, and later became a professional killer. He wanted to kill Chiang Kai-shek, but Dai Li wanted to protect Chiang Kai-shek, so the two broke up. In 1936, Dai Li first arrested Wang's subordinates, and used his subordinates' wives to meet Wang in Wuzhou.However, for another loyal brother Hu Zongnan who was loyal to Chiang Kai-shek, Dai Li would rather send Ye Xiadi, a beauty he likes from the Zhejiang Police Academy, to study economics in China and come back to become a university professor, so as to train her to be the wife "like Mrs. Jiang" that Hu Zongnan expected.
When recruiting front-line agents, Dai Li mostly looked for chivalrous men who had received martial arts training, just like Jing Ke who assassinated Qin in "Historical Records", or the unrestrained and daring ranger in "Legend of Heroes of Jianghu".Dai Li often invites kung fu masters to the military command bureau, and often encourages everyone with stories of heroes.In order to find heroes in the Jianghu, Dai Li once sent people to Shengxian County and Xiangyang to recruit soldiers and horses, which are famous for their poor mountains and rivers, bandits and vagrants.Later, Dai Li also trained many patriotic young students.
In the military training class, trainees must master various techniques such as shooting, blasting, poisoning, and telecommunications, and they must also accept the ideas of the Three People's Principles.From the very beginning, Dai Li combined the strict discipline of military reunification with the thought of the Three People's Principles, thus creating a special political and cultural atmosphere.During the anti-Japanese period, Dai Li took "the Xiongnu is not destroyed, why do you call yourself home" and "the point of a needle cannot be pointed at both ends" as a training, and stipulated that wartime spies were not allowed to marry.But Dai Li was both strict and considerate to his subordinates; for example, in 1938, Zhang Chao, the deputy head of the Fujian Minbei Station of the military reunification, was shot because of conflicts with Fujian Provincial Chairman Chen Yi.Dai Li heard that his subordinates had been killed, and immediately ran to complain to Chiang Kai-shek.Unexpectedly, Chen Yi was one step ahead.Jiang angrily scolded Dai Li, saying that he was despicable and shameless, and Dai Li was so ashamed; who knew that Dai Li knelt down in front of Jiang with a "plop", crying bitterly and said: "Zhang Chao made a thousand mistakes, and he has his own 'group' disciplinary sanctions. If Chen Yi wants to be caught, he will be caught, and if he wants to be killed, he will be killed. If the principal can’t make decisions for me, I won’t be able to do it anymore.” Dai Li’s crying made Chiang Kai-shek helpless for a while, so he kicked Dai Li fiercely with his leather shoes. He kept yelling at Dai Li, "Scumbag! I have no personality!" Dai Li still said under severe pain, "Report to the principal, I don't admit this. If the enemy succumbs, that means he is lowly and has no personality. Today we have a good comrade who was killed innocently, and I will not sue for him. Who will sue for him?!" Seeing that Jiang still refused to agree, Dai Li said: " It is not shameless to report to the principal that the students are incompetent. I am incapable of leadership, and now I am petitioning the principal for permission to resign." On the same day, Dai Li submitted his resignation report.The next day Jiang summoned Dai Li and told him in a friendly tone that he had never had before.Dai Li returned to his apartment with tears streaming down his face, and inscribed the twelve words "Adhering to the leader's will and understanding the leader's painstaking efforts", which became the motto of the military command.
Like Chiang Kai-shek, Dai Li was a well-known dutiful son.Usually half a month away from home, there must be a letter to comfort my mother.Dai Li, who lost his father at the age of four, has a special affection for his mother. He often says that "after ten years of strict mother education, hundreds of times of painful beatings, I have become the person I am today." Every time someone goes back to the country, they must personally choose the items that their mother loves to bring back to show their filial piety.Dai Li often said to his subordinates that he should learn from his mother, "learn her ability to manage so many affairs".When Dai Li died, his 72-year-old mother was still in the church. Three years later, when the old man was dying, she still called her beloved son's name frequently.
Dai Li had a younger brother named Dai Yunlin. Dai Li called him "limited in ability but high in desire", and ordered him to return to his hometown to serve his mother and not to work outside.Dai Li had only one son named Dai Shanwu, also known as Zangyi; Dai Li never allowed him to lead troops during his lifetime, because he was worried that he would "mistake others and himself". In September 1949, Dai Shanwu was arrested by the CCP. In January 1951, he was shot at a meeting of ten thousand people. Dai's property was confiscated. At the end of 1953, Chiang Kai-shek sent someone to take Dai Li's descendants to Taiwan, but the grandson was left in the mainland by his daughter-in-law.
In terms of personal life, it is widely rumored in mainland China that Dai Li has four nos (no tea, no smoking, no photography, no particular about clothes), and false accusations that he has five nos (good luxury cars, good luxury houses, good bathing, good drinking, lustful) ), especially publicized his lecherous anecdote, alleging that when Dai Li met Hu Die, a popular movie star in the 1930s, when he was in his forties, he stayed away from all women. Officially married Hu Die.However, the relevant biographies of Dai Li in Taiwan's libraries today deny that Dai Li is lustful. On the contrary, he has strict self-discipline.U.S. Army Lieutenant General Melles said that he and Dai Li have been together day and night for three years, and they see each other at any time, but they are not as lustful as other rumors say; it can be said that heroes love beauty, and they love virtue even more.The biographer Liangxiong also mentioned in "The Biography of Dai Li" that Dai Li met two beautiful and fashionable women late at night, and rumors abounded at that time.In fact, one is the wife of an envoy stationed abroad, and the other is a Japanese college student arranged by Weng Junming, a Taiwanese scholar, to be related to work. Neither of them is what the outside world thinks.But Dai Li is not the unfeminine Liu Xiahui. After his wife Mao Xiucong died of cancer, he has been living in widowhood since then and never remarried, so he naturally feels lonely.Legend has it that he did have a girlfriend, but under the advice of his friends, he sent him to study abroad and severed ties with her.It is groundless to say that he "has a number of women".Because Dai is familiar with Confucian classics and has deep ethical concepts such as loyalty, filial piety, righteousness, etc., and for many years, every anniversary of his wife's death, he would silently burn a stick of incense and display fresh fruits to commemorate it devoutly.Furthermore, Dai's original ban prohibited staff members from marrying during the Anti-Japanese War. With his personality of emphasizing reason and distinguishing between public and private, he must lead by himself, otherwise how would he lead others.
Dai Li, who was portrayed by the mainland as an "executor" and "demon", is actually a bloody man who treats his mother with filial piety and treats others with kindness.At that time, the Communist Party regarded Dai Li as a serious problem, thinking that his loyalty to the country was undermining the development of the Communist Party, so he did everything he could to slander and spread rumors about Dai Li.Zou Lang, who enjoys the reputation of "Taiwan Anti-Japanese War Novel King", summed up his achievements in the preface of "A New Biography of Dai Li" as follows: "If someone wants to write a history of Chinese intelligence, Mr. Dai has four firsts: 1. He is the first to expand the basic system of Whampoa to patriots who have the same aspirations. Second, he is the first to expand national intelligence into international intelligence cooperation. Third, he is the first to combine intelligence technology with human intelligence and technology. First. Fourth, intelligence organizations in front of the enemy and behind the enemy, invisible and tangible secret agencies, and well-armed intelligence troops, with a total of one million soldiers, he is the first." Writer Liangxiong proposed the festival of aspirations in "The Biography of Dai Li" It is not an exaggeration to call him a true patriotic hero, an outstanding revolutionary, or a strange man.If you look at it from the perspective of ambition, Dai Li has put the national interest first in everything for decades, and he has devoted himself to the country and never regretted it. This is one of them.Peeping through his character and seeing Dai Li's life, he is indifferent to material desires, fame and fortune.Over the years, even though he has a high position and power, he has never retaliated with personal grievances, which shows that he is upright, this is the second.From the point of view of talents, during the period of public office, he was a master of magic, daring and courageous, well-known at home and abroad, and highly valued, these are the three.From the point of view of his achievements, he has quelled major disasters, made outstanding achievements during the Anti-Japanese War, and maintained national transportation and economic stability. To be fair, his achievements can be regarded as the first.
Dai Li can be called a strange person in history. If we want to talk about his shortcomings, it is that he has many affairs and secrets in one body, and the division of labor is not perfect. Unexpected accidents caused no successors and caused heavy damage to the country.Although Dai Li pursued benevolence, China and history did not give him fair treatment. In October 2011, the Military Intelligence Bureau of the Ministry of National Defense of the Republic of China and the National History Museum jointly launched the series "Mr. Dai Li and Intelligence Operations During the Anti-Japanese War", which released many source documents and warrants.Lu Fangshang, curator of the National History Museum, said at the press conference that mainland China has no usable historical files and can only rely on the memoirs of military commanders in the past, and many truths have been distorted.The publication of this set of books can lift a veil for this "most mysterious figure in modern Chinese history".
It can be said that the billowing Yangtze River flows eastward, and the waves wash away heroes; but the real heroes will not be forgotten.
