Chapter 125 3. I still plan to wave my writing brush, and the ambition of a scholar is boundless
In fact, Yang Du guessed right, the people from the south were sent by Sun Yat-sen.
After the rebellion of Zhang Xun's restoration was put down, Sun Yat-sen was escorted by a part of the navy loyal to him from Shanghai to Guangzhou, and invited Li Yuanhong and the dismissed members of Congress to go south to reorganize the government in Guangdong.The banner announced by Sun Yat-sen was to protect the provisional constitution formulated in the first year of the Republic of China.Sun Yat-sen's basic army is the naval fleet controlled by former navy chief Cheng Biguang and the current commander of the First Fleet Lin Baoyi.Li Yuanhong did not go south, and more than 150 former congressmen came to Guangzhou one after another.So based on this group of members, an extraordinary meeting of the National Assembly was held, and a regulation called the "Organizational Outline of the Military Government" was passed, and Sun Yat-sen was elected as the generalissimo.The military government has six ministries: finance, foreign affairs, internal affairs, army, and navy.In this way, China once again had two governments, the North and the South.
Duan Qirui's government, which claims to be orthodox, certainly cannot tolerate the military government in Guangzhou. He wants to conquer Guangdong and Guangxi by controlling Hunan.As a result, the North and the South set up a big battlefield in Hunan. As a result, the Northern Army lost, leading to the downfall of Duan's cabinet. President Feng Guozhang appointed Beiyang veteran Wang Shizhen as the Prime Minister.Wang Shizhen served as prime minister for only three months, before being pushed out by Duan Qirui, and Duan returned to serve as prime minister again.At this time, Cao Kun and his subordinate Wu Peifu, who attacked Hunan, won many times, and Duan named Cao the economic envoy of the four provinces of Sichuan, Guangdong, Hunan and Jiangxi.Cao Kun supervised and managed four provinces, becoming the most powerful local official since the Republic of China.Wu Peifu was also awarded General Fuwei and Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Aid to Guangdong Army.Wu originally thought that if he captured Hunan, he could be the governor of Hunan, but Zhang Jingyao snatched the governor of Hunan.Duan Qirui failed to achieve his goal of conquering the southern military government by force.Half a year later, Duan stepped down again.The president of the northern government was replaced by Xu Shichang, and the prime minister was replaced by Qian Nengxun.
The military government in the south is also not united.Lu Rongting and Tang Jiyao were not Sun Yat-sen's comrades, and they were unwilling to be under Sun Yat-sen.Sun has no other army except part of the navy, and he is no match for Lu and Tang.As a result, the military government was changed from the generalissimo system to the seven-president system.The seven presidents are: Lu Rongting, Tang Jiyao, Sun Yat-sen, Tang Shaoyi, Wu Tingfang, Lin Baoyi, and Cen Chunxuan, with Cen as the chairman and president.Sun Yat-sen was squeezed out, so he left Guangdong and came to Shanghai.
While living in Shanghai, Sun Yat-sen devoted himself to the transformation of the revolutionary political party and reorganized the Chinese Revolutionary Party into the Chinese Kuomintang.The word "China" was added in front of "KMT" in order to distinguish it from the KMT in the first year of the Republic of China.He also wrote and published the book "Sun Wen's Theory", expounding the theory of revolution, which laid an important foundation for the next step of the national revolution.
At this time, with the strengthening of Cao Kun and Wu Peifu's strength, the conflict between them and Duan Qirui's faction became more and more intense.Cao Kun is a native of Zhili, and the Cao faction is called Zhili.Duan Qirui is from Anhui, and the Duan faction is called the Anhui family.The Beiyang Army officially split into Zhi and Anhui.In the Northeast, Zhang Zuolin, who was originally a bandit, has risen rapidly and become the king of the three Northeast provinces.Zhang Zuolin is from Liaoning, and the Zhang faction is called the Feng family.Cao Kun and Zhang Zuolin jointly sent a telegram to discuss Duan, Feng Jun entered the customs, and Zhi Feng jointly defeated the Anhui faction.Soon, Zhifeng and Fengyu merged because of the uneven distribution of spoils.As a result, the Feng faction was defeated and returned to the outside of the pass.
Due to factional conflicts, the southern military government finally collapsed as Sun Yat-sen, Tang Shaoyi, and Wu Tingfang resigned as presidents one after another.
China is practically anarchic.Therefore, many provinces advocate inter-provincial self-government, that is, like the federal self-government of the United States, each province is managed by the province itself, and there is a loose alliance organization above the province for external use.This initiative was most popular in Hunan, and a Hunan Provincial Constitution was actually formulated.Of course, this provincial constitution is just a dead letter.
At this time, a young military figure named Chen Jiongming rose up in Guangdong Province.He joined the Tongmenghui in 1909, and two years later the Revolution of 1911 succeeded. At only 24 years old, Chen Jiongming became the deputy governor of Guangdong Province, and soon became the governor again.In 1913, the Kuomintang launched the second revolution, and Chen Jiongming also participated in it. After the failure, he fled overseas.In 1915, Chen returned to China to participate in the campaign against Yuan, organized the Guangdong Army, and took the post of commander-in-chief himself.After Yuan's death, Chen publicly supported Sun Yat-sen.
An old member of the League before the success of the revolution, and the experience of rebelling against Yuan twice made Sun trust Chen very much and cited him as his revolutionary comrade.When Chen Jiongming's army took control of the political situation in Guangdong, he sent a telegram to invite Sun Yat-sen to return to Guangdong, and Sun Xinran left Shanghai to return to Guangzhou.
In fact, Chen Jiongming is not a believer in Zhongshan.He invited Sun to return to Guangdong, just to use Sun's lofty prestige to support himself.After Sun Yat-sen returned to Guangzhou, he immediately set out to re-form the government.Chen was in favor of inter-provincial self-government. He only wanted to be the king of Guangdong, and he was very disgusted with Sun Yat-sen's idea of unifying the whole country.But he couldn't hold back Sun, so he had to reluctantly agree.With the support of 220 extraordinary members of Congress, Sun Yat-sen was re-elected as President.So there were two more presidents in China: one was Xu Shichang in the north, and the other was Sun Yat-sen in the south.
Sun Yat-sen's government also had only six ministries, and there were only four ministers in the six ministries, Wu Tingfang was both foreign and financial, and Chen Jiongming was both military and internal affairs.Chen Yishen served as the governor of Guangdong Province and the commander-in-chief of the Guangdong Army concurrently.Sun Yat-sen decided to make the Northern Expedition and organized the base camp in Guilin, Guangxi. He appointed Zhu Peide as the commander-in-chief of the Yunnan Army, Peng Chengwan as the commander-in-chief of the Jiangxi Army, Gu Zhenglun as the commander-in-chief of the Guizhou Army, Li Liejun as the Chief of Staff, and Hu Hanmin as the Chief of Staff.
Chen Jiongming, who controls the real power in Guangdong, was very indifferent to the Northern Expedition.In order to ensure the rear supply of the Northern Expedition, Sun had to remove Chen's posts as governor of Guangdong and commander-in-chief of the Guangdong army, and appointed Wu Tingfang as governor.Chen Yin held a grudge, and secretly contacted Wu Peifu and Chen Guangyuan, the governor of Jiangxi who belonged to the same direct line.When Xu Chongzhi led the Second Cantonese Army into Jiangxi, Chen Jiongming's troops actually besieged the Presidential Palace in Guangzhou and Yuexiu Building, Sun Yat-sen's residence in Guanyin Mountain.
Under the protection of his attendants, Sun Yat-sen went to the Haizhu Naval Headquarters, boarded the Chuyu ship, and transferred to the Yongfeng ship the next day.On the Yongfeng ship, Sun Yat-sen led the navy to bombard the rebels while deploying various troops to help Guangzhou.After learning of the telegram that Chen Jiongming colluded with the Zhili warlords in an attempt to destroy the Northern Expedition, Sun Yat-sen wrote a letter to Liu Chengyu, an old comrade of the Tongmenghui and who had had contacts with Cao Kun, asking him to take full authority to deal with it. this matter.At this time, Liu Chengyu was living in Hong Kong, and after receiving Sun's personal letter, he set off for the north in the starry night.While waiting for the bus in Changsha, I ran into Liu Kuiyi who was unemployed and living in the countryside.
Liu Kuiyi, who devoted himself to the revolution with enthusiasm, served as the head of the Tongmenghui headquarters before the revolution, and served as the head of industry and commerce twice after the revolution. In recent years, he has been deeply distressed and disappointed by the dark, ugly, chaotic, and turbulent Chinese political arena.He quit politics in anger, returned to Hunan, and lived in Changsha to study behind closed doors.With reverence for his old friend Huang Xing, and in order to sum up the experience and lessons of the revolution, he is writing "Huang Xing Biography".
After listening to Liu Chengyu's introduction to the situation in Guangzhou and learning of his mission to go north this time, Liu Kuiyi pondered for a long time.Although Liu Kui was extremely dissatisfied with the status quo in China and had disagreements with Sun Yat-sen when he was in Tokyo, he devoted himself to the revolution for more than ten years and respected Sun Yat-sen himself very much. He was extremely indignant at the rebellious behavior, and at this critical moment, he wanted to help his old friend to help Sun Yat-sen.
Liu Kui asked Liu Chengyu: "How are you going to accomplish this mission?"
Liu Chengyu replied: "After I received Mr. Sun's letter, out of righteous indignation, I agreed, but in fact there was nothing I could do. Cao Kun and I knew each other more than ten years ago, but at that time he was just a ruler, and he was still in charge. A little self-aware. Now that he has defeated Duan Qirui and Zhang Zuolin, he is the only one in the world, and he is the only one in the world. Once a villain from a cloth dealer, once he succeeds, will he still remember the past? I don’t know if he will see me. It’s just about military affairs I'm in a hurry, don't allow me to hesitate, I want to go to Beijing first, maybe I can find an opportunity. Lin Sheng, you have a lot of friends, help me find a way?"
"I have been away from politics for seven or eight years, and I have no connection with Cao Kun and people directly related." Liu Kui said while resting his cheeks while thinking.Suddenly, he slapped his forehead and said, "There is someone I can find."
"Which one?" Liu Chengyu's eyes lit up.
"Xia Wuyi, he is Cao Kun's secretary-general." Liu Kui asked, "Do you know him?"
"Xia Wuyi, that is Xia Shoutian, Yuan Shikai's internal historian who was wanted a few years ago!"
Liu Kui nodded.
Liu Chengyu said: "I don't know this person, do you know him well?"
"I've met him a few times, but we don't have a close relationship." As soon as Liu Kui said this, he suddenly thought of someone, and hurriedly said, "Xia Wuyi and Yang Xizi are best friends. Yang Xizi knows me well. I'll go to Beijing with you." , find Yang Xizi face to face, and ask him to come forward and find Xia Wuyi."
Liu Kuiyi's enthusiasm and righteousness moved Liu Chengyu very much.He said: "Linsheng and I are going to Beijing together. God has sent noble people to help. The military situation is changing rapidly, so there is no delay. Let's go north overnight today!"
After a while, Liu Chengyu said: "Yang Du finds Xia Shoutian, and then Xia Shoutian lobbyes Cao Kun. This is naturally the shortest way. It's just that Yang Du used to belong to Yuan Shikai, and after the failure of the imperial system, he pretended to be a ghost. What about playing with hair and going to the mountain to pay respects to the Buddha and practice Zen, will he care about these things anymore?"
Liu Kui smiled and said, "I know Yang Du very well. In the early years, we worshiped Mr. Wang Renqiu together and studied at Dongzhou Academy in Hengzhou. At that time, he studied the study of emperors with Mr. Renqiu, and he wanted to do great things. Daming. Among the more than 300 students in Dongzhou, he has the strongest desire to use the world. It is precisely because he wants to use the world so much that he accepted the call of the Manchu court to make a constitution for them, and later went to embrace Yuan Shikai’s thigh He tried his best to rule the constitution, but he wanted to do what Yuan liked, and wanted to rely on Yuan to do great things. He did not hesitate to abandon his original ideas, advocate the republic, and mediate between the North and the South. Unexpectedly, he was repeatedly rejected in Yuan's government, depressed and frustrated, This forced him to work under Yuan Keding, hoping that by supporting Yuan Keding to be the emperor, he would become the founding prime minister of the country. Who knew that his dream would not come true, but his notoriety spread far and wide, and he was completely abandoned by the political circle."
Liu Chengyu said: "According to this, Yang Du is indeed a person with bad political integrity."
"You can't say that, Yu Sheng." Liu Kuiyi categorically denied, "How to measure the integrity of a political activist? I think the first thing to look at is whether he has a big goal for the country and the people in his heart. If he has it, he is good, and if he has it, he is not." Good. As for beliefs, doctrines, etc., they are just ways to achieve goals. Goals cannot be changed, and beliefs and doctrines can be chosen. On the other hand, one should not be too demanding of a political activist’s pursuit of personal fame. Yang Du is indeed famous My heart is a little heavy, but I ask myself, even those of us who are dedicated to the revolution do not have our personal ideas of getting ahead? If all revolutionaries are pure and selfless, how could there be a split in the struggle within the revolutionary party? And why did Yuan Shikai usurp The fruits of the revolution? If the revolutionaries are like this, how can they be so demanding on Yang Du?"
As an old revolutionary with profound education and rich experience, Liu Chengyu can understand Liu Kuiyi's views on the relationship between goals and approaches, making contributions to the country and showing his face.He nodded and said, "In your opinion, Yang Du is a political activist with great integrity."
"Yes." Liu Kuiyi immediately said, "I firmly believe in this. As early as the Tokyo period, I said that if China has a cabinet composed of Sun Yat-sen, Huang Xing, Song Jiaoren, Liang Qichao, Yang Du, etc., then It is the most ideal cabinet in China, because these people are both patriotic and talented. I believe that Yang Du was discouraged when he was hit and misunderstood, and he learned Buddhism and Zen. His heart will never be indifferent to politics. For example, I have closed my door to world affairs now, but as soon as politics is mentioned, my blood still boils and I can't help myself."
Liu Chengyu smiled and said: "That's right, if you didn't have this blood, how could you accompany me to the north? However, you are a revolutionary, and you are closely connected with Mr. Sun and the revolutionary cause. After all, Yang Du is different from you. He will be like you." Are you as keen?"
"I think he will, because his heart for the country and the people is not dead. What Mr. Sun does is for the country and the people, and he will support it, not to mention that Yang Xizi and Mr. Sun are friends. Yu Sheng, I will tell you one more thing Let's do it!"
"What's the matter?" Liu Chengyu asked with great interest.
"I'll write a poem for you first."
As soon as Liu Kui picked up the pen, he wrote a poem called Qilu on the paper:
Liu Chengyu is not only a revolutionary, but also a highly accomplished poet.After the failure of Yuan Shikai's imperial system, he wrote more than 200 seven-character quatrains, which recorded the history of Yuan's imperial system in the form of poetry.In March of this year, Sun Yat-sen wrote a preface to it at his residence in Yuexiu Building, praising his poem as "learning from the gains and losses of the past, and punishing those who come. There is a suzerain in the history of the country, and it is also the glory of our party."
After Liu Chengyu read the Qilu lightly, he praised: "This poem is really well written, both in terms of conception and words, it has reached a very high level, and there are not many people who can write this kind of poem in today's poetry world. Who wrote it? Was it you?"
"Where can I write such a good poem." Liu Kui shook his head and said, "Who is the poet, you will never think."
"Who?" Liu Chengyu became more interested, "Tell me, I want to get to know him, show him my "Hong Xian Chronicle Poems", and ask him to correct me."
Liu Kui laughed loudly: "Don't show your Hong Xian poems to this person, he will hate you to death."
Liu Chengyu's eyes widened, surprised in his heart.
"Let me tell you, this poem was written by Yang Xizi."
"Why, it's him?" Liu Chengyu was puzzled. "Was it written in the past, or is it written now."
"It was written last month." Liu Kuiyi said, "At the beginning of the month, I met Liang Huankui, the chairman of Huachang Antimony Refining Company. He is also good at poetry. He once learned poetry from Mr. Wang Renqiu. He has a very close relationship with Yang Xizi. I specifically told me that Yang Xizi sent him a letter last month, and there was such a poem in the letter. He said that if Yang Xizi hadn’t written it himself, he couldn’t believe it was written by him. I said I believe that the ambition of life for more than 20 years, Could it be that three or four years of practicing Zen can be dropped?"
"Wow!" Liu Chengyu was very happy. "Shang Bi wields his writing brush, and the ambition of a scholar is boundless. Based on these two lines of poems, I believe he will jump out of Buddhism and plan again."
In this way, Erliu came to Beijing and found Huaian Hutong.
While Yang Jun was delivering the letter, the two inspected the courtyard house carefully.
The yard looked deserted, all the furnishings were simple and unadorned, several rooms were locked, and there were two striking rooms, one was the studio and the other was the meditation hall.Paper, pens and paints were arranged in a mess in the studio, and several unfinished landscape paintings, some of which were good and some of which were not so good, were messily nailed to the walls.The meditation hall is another scene: clean, tidy, solemn and quiet.Hanging on the front wall is a paper banner with twelve lines of words: Confucianism prohibits anger, Shi's abstains from anger, learn from sages and Buddhism, take this as the door.If I get rid of my arrogance, there is nothing to be careful about, the streets are full of saints and sages, and everyone is a Buddha.Confucianism is neutral, and the interpretation is joy, there is joy but no anger, and you are on the way.On one side of the banner hung a long string of darkly lit rosary beads.On the ground under the banner is a large and thick round cushion.There are two bookshelves in the meditation hall, all of which are Buddhist classics.
Seeing this meditation hall, Liu Chengyu murmured in his heart: This is a completely detached appearance, and he can't match the "armor in the chest, and the dust in the eyes". Is this trip in vain? Woolen cloth?
Thinking like this, Yang Du stepped into the house and was very happy to see Liu Kuiyi at a glance; he also reprimanded his younger brother, who didn't know the famous Mr. Lin Sheng, it was too wrong.Yang Jun felt embarrassed when he said it.As soon as Liu Kui explained that he left Dongzhou first, Chongzi was a latecomer to the academy, so it was strange that he had to know him.Pointing to Liu Chengyu again, he said, "This is brother Yu Sheng, from Wuchang, an old comrade of the Tongmenghui, and his character and articles are very good."
Yang Du hurriedly said: "No need to introduce, we met when we were in Tokyo."
Liu Chengyu said: "Yes, there was a student council meeting, and I also participated in it. The meeting was halfway through, and I left beforehand. Mr. Xizi has a good memory."
We sat down in the living room and chatted.Liu Kuiyi talked about his study behind closed doors in recent years.Liu Chengyu briefly described the political situation in the south in recent years.Yang Du listened intently, and occasionally asked about the current situation of Wang Jingwei, Hu Hanmin, Wang Chonghui and others.Liu Chengyu saw that he was so concerned about current affairs and still had feelings for his old friends in the revolutionary party, so he increased his confidence in this trip.
Liu Chengyu deliberately explained Sun Yat-sen's Northern Expedition and Chen Jiongming's local separatism in detail.When talking about Chen's subordinates bombarding the presidential palace and Sun Yat-sen taking refuge in the Yongfeng ship, Liu Kui noticed that Yang Du's face was solemn and his brows were frowned.He took over Liu Chengyu's words and said: "Mr. Sun has ordered the Cantonese army that entered Jiangxi to return to Guangzhou. Chen Jiongming secretly contacted Wu Peifu to intercept the Cantonese army back to Guangzhou. Mr. Sun ordered Brother Yu Sheng to go north to try to stop Wu Peifu's actions. We remember Mr. Xizi is well known all over the world, so he will definitely be able to help Mr. Sun within the immediate family, so I came to visit."
Liu Chengyu looked at Yang Du nervously, wondering what the attitude of this Zen Master Hutuo who had already become a Buddha was.
Yang Du smiled faintly and said: "This is to save Mr. Zhongshan, I will do my best."
Er Liu was very pleased to hear that.
Liu Kui said, "Xizi, I feel at ease with your words. To be honest, we know that you have devoted yourself to Buddhism, and we are really worried that you will refuse!"
Yang Du said: "I am really devoting myself to the study of Buddhist scriptures, and I am only asking about common matters, but this matter is related to the success or failure of Mr. Zhongshan's career, and I cannot stand idly by. I have an appointment with Mr. Zhongshan, and I will keep it."
Both Liu were surprised.
Liu Chengyu said: "Mr. Xizi, what is your appointment with Mr. Sun?"
Yang Du said solemnly: "Seventeen years ago, Mr. Zhongshan and I debated for three days and three nights on the future of China in Tokyo Eternal Paradise. Although I could not accept Mr. Zhongshan's point of view, I admired Mr. Zhongshan's personality. At the time of parting, I made an appointment with Mr. Zhongshan: My lord Junxian, if I succeed, I hope you will help me; Mr. Lord Republic, if you succeed, I will give up all my ideas and help you. Now that you are in trouble, ask me for help. Will try to help."
After hearing these words, the two Lius were very moved, and said together: "Mr. Xizi is really a gentleman of integrity."
"A person cannot stand without faith." Yang Du said solemnly, "Although I study Buddhist scriptures, I can't give up this basic principle of being a human being. I will do my best, and if I succeed, I will leave it to God."
"May I ask Mr. Xizi, what method will you take?" Liu Chengyu asked. He has not received a definite action plan, and he is still worried.
Yang Du pondered for a moment, then said: "Don't ask about the specific method. You just stay with me, and Chongzi greets you. I will go out for a period of time, at least half a month, and at least seven or eight days. At that time, I will return to Beijing. If not, I will tell you the truth."
Liu and Liu looked at each other, but they didn't know what kind of mystery the Zen master was making, so they nodded in agreement.